This document provides an overview of materials handling and automatic control presented by a group of students. It defines materials handling, lists its advantages, and categorizes common materials handling equipment including conveyors, elevators, pumps, cranes, hoists, and trucks. It also discusses safety considerations and the components, advantages, and disadvantages of automatic control systems.

1. Welcome
to
Our Presentation

2. Materials handling and
Automatic control
-By Group 7

3. Presented by
Name ID NO
Zakir Hossain Abir FN-16038
Hadayetullah FN-16059
Mowsumi Khalko FN-16060
Chalci Apsora Chisim FN-16061
Archana Rani FN-16062
Asifur Rahman FN-16064
Nurul Islam FN-15030
Hanif Mia FN-14032

4. Presented to
MD . JAHANGIR ALAM
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Food Technology and Nutritional Science
Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University

5. What is materials handling ?
 Materials handling is the art and science of movement
in the most efficient manner at the right time, to and
from the correct place ,in the required quantity with
maximum economy of space.

6.  Advantages of materials handling :
1. Savings of 50% of labour bill
2. Reduced material wastage
3. Increase in capitals
4. Improvement in working condition
5. Improved customar service
6. Improved productivity

7. Scope of material handling
 Material handling can be used during the following
movements of material :
 As a raw material from supply point to process.
 As a material in process between stages during processing .
 As a finished product to packing ,storage and despatch.

8. Principle of materials handling
 Planning principle : Plans all materials handling and storage activities.
 Systems principle : Integrate as many handling activities into a coordinated
system of operations.
 Material flow principle : Provide an operation sequence for optimising material
flow.
 Simplification Principle : Simplify handling by reducing , eliminating or
combining unnecessary movements .
 Gravity principle : Utilise gravity to move material wherever practical.

9. Cont……..
 Automation principale : Provide automation to include production ,handlings and
storage .
 Dead weight principle : Reduce ratio of dead weight of mobile handling equipment
to load carried.
 Maintenance principle : Plan for preventive maintenance of all handling equipment
.
 Obsolescence Principle : Replace obsolete handling methods and equipment.
 Safety Principle : Provide suitable methods and equipment for safe handling.

10. Categorization of material handling equipments
Conveyors :
Conveyors may be described as equipments for inclined or horizontal
continuous movement serving a point or path.
 Two main types of conveyors as follows:
 Gravity : e.g.; chute, roller or stake-wheel conveyors.
 Powered: e.g.; roller, belt, salt, chain, vibratory, magnetic, screw, flight
conveyors.

11. Gravity Conveyors
 Chutes : Chutes are smooth-surfaced used to convey from high to low levels
under the force of gravity . Bulk food materials are conveyed on metal chutes.
 Roller or Skate-wheel Conveyors: A roller conveyor comprises free
running rollers horizontally in a frame. Cases, cartons, drums, barrels, trays are
conveyed.
Chutes Roller Skate wheel

12. Powered conveyors
 Roller conveyors: These may be belt driven or chain driven. Packages,
boxes are conveyed .
 Belt conveyor: This comprises an endless belt, friction driven at one
end and carried out at the other end. Almost any type of material -
wet,dry or packaged are conveyed .
Roller Belt

13. Cont……..
 Slat conveyor : These provide a rigid flat surface with excellent load- bearing
ability. Packaged goods and small bulky items like fish and large fruits are conveyed.
 Screw conveyor : These operate on the principle of a rotating helical screw in a
casing . Bulk dry materials (e.g.sugar, flour and grain) , sugar- beets pulp are
conveyed.
Slat Screw

14. Cont……..
 Vibratory conveyor : These use the inertia of material, conveyed by a relatively
slow forward movement of the conveyor surface.This is suitable for friable foods (
e.g.potao chips).
 Magnetic conveyor: Electromagnetic and permanent magnetic belts and rollers
are used to convey materials. They may be used to discriminate between the open
and closed end of cans.
Vibratory Magnetic

15. Elevators
 Elevators are conveniently considered as equipment for continuous movement of
materials in a vertical path.
 Package elevators : Packages are carried vertical on free-swinging trays suspended
between a pair of endless chains. Loads are charged on the upgoing side and are
discharged on the downgoing side .These elevators are useful in multi-storey buildings .
 Bucket elevators :These are high -capacity units for bulk elevation of relatively free-
flowing materials such as sugar, beans , salt and cereals.
Package Bucket

16. Pumps and Pumping
 Among the materials handled, fluids offer problems most commonly
encountered .The most positive way of transferring fluids from one
location to another is by pumps and piping. For maximum efficiency in
the transfer of fluid, the piping system must be properly designed and
installed.

17. Cranes and Hoists
 Cranes:
 Cranes find wide application in handling from holds of barges or ships where their
unique lift and swing motion can be used to maximum efficiency.
 Fixed elevation jib cranes find many applications in food industry.
 Hoists:
 Hoists referred to lifting and lowering mechanisms in which the load is carried .
Cranes Hoists

18. Trucks
 This groups includes all handing equipment, which is capable of
movement in a horizontal non-fixed path.
 It is convenient to categorize trucks on the basis of their vertical lifting
characteristics giving three main groups follows:
1.Trucks with no vertical lift (hand trucks ,platform trucks and tractors)

19. Cont……..
 Trucks with low vertical lift (pallet and stillage trucks).
 Trucks with high vertical lift (fork-lift trucks and stackets).

20. Safety Considrations
 There were 24992 accidents in the food and allied industries in
the UK during 1973 among these 6613 was handling accidents.
The safety aspects of materials handling therefore , warrant the
most careful attention.

21. Cont…….
 Handling accidents fall into two groups :
Unsafe acts such as :
 Unsafe loading and stacking.
 Carrying out repairs and adjustments on the run.
 Operating without authority.
 Using incorrect equipment
 Failing to use protective clothing.

22. Cont…….
Unsafe conditions including :
Insufficient working space.
Inadequate aisle space.
Inadequate guarding of running machinery.
 Inadequate lighting and ventilation.
 Unsafe design or construction of equipment.

23. Automatic Control
Automation means that every action that is needed to control
a process at optimum efficiency is controlled by a system that
have been programmed into it.

24. Components of automation:
 sensors to detect process conditions .
 transmitters to send this information to the controller.
 a controller to monitor and control a process.
 actuators to make changes to the process conditions.
 a system of communication between a controller and actuators and transmitters .
 an 'interface' for operators to communicate with the control system.

25.  Sensors: The pre-requisites for control of a process are sensors which
transmit the information to a process controller.
 Parameters commonly measured by sensors are classified into:
 Primary measurement:( e.g. temperature, weight, pressure.)
 Comparative measurements: obtained from comparison of primary
measurement (e.g. specific gravity).
 Inferred measurements: where the value of an easily measured variable is
assumed to difficult to measure.
 Calculated measurements: found using qualitative and quantitative data .
 Controllers: Controllers to make changes to process condition use the
information from sensors on process and product variables.

26. Advantages:
 More consistent product quality.
 Greater product stability and safety.
 Greater compliance with legal and customer specifications .
 More efficient operation.
 Better use of resources (raw materials ,energy, labor, etc)
 Increased production rates(e.g. through optimisation of equipment utilisation)

27. Disadvantages:
 The main disadvantages relate to the social effects of reduced
employment.
 Not suitable for processes in which manual skill is necessary
 Higher set-up and maintenance costs .
 Increased risk, delays and cost if the automatic system fails .