The goal of the study is to compare the material efficiency of plastic packaging with that of other packaging materials.
Furthermore, greenhouse gas calculations were carried out to investigate the impact of replacing plastic packaging with other materials on the greenhouse gas potential.
Reference year of this study is 2021.
The results relate to the volume of packaging consumption from private end-users in Germany. Single-use beverage packaging in the deposit and return system is also included.
Consumption hereby refers to the amount of packaging filled and placed on the market in Germany (also referred to as market volume).
- Blister packaging represents 4% of the $280 billion packaging industry and is worth $11.2 billion. It provides benefits over traditional packaging like bottles.
- Blister packaging ensures each dose is protected and identified until use. It prevents tampering and accidental misuse while also promoting patient compliance by clearly marking individual doses.
- While 85% of drugs in Europe are blister packed, only 20% are in the US due to historical and regulatory differences. However, its use is growing in the US as manufacturers and consumers recognize benefits like product integrity, protection, and supporting proper dosage.
GLOBAL EXTENDED PRODUCERS' RESPONSIBILITY DEVELOPMENTS AND WHAT THEY MEANiQHub
Extended producer responsibility (EPR) policies are shifting responsibility for post-consumer waste upstream to producers. EPR for packaging is an accepted policy approach worldwide to address environmental impacts of packaging. Producers' organizations (PROs) play an important role in EPR systems by coordinating collection, sorting, and recycling of packaging on behalf of producers. EPR presents both opportunities and challenges for industry, such as shaping legislation and greater access to recycled materials, but also potential cost increases and compliance requirements.
Packaging serves important branding, marketing, and communication functions. It identifies the brand, differentiates the product from competitors, and communicates value to customers. Packaging must attract attention on retail shelves among many similar products. Case studies show how changes to packaging design and colors can increase market share by making key brand messages like "caramel inside" more noticeable. Packaging is also a form of silent salesman that can influence purchasing decisions through images and information on the package.
Plastics have increasingly been used for food packaging over the last few decades due to their advantages over other materials. Plastics come into use in three phases - substitution, accommodation, and innovation - based on how designers take advantage of plastic's properties. Substitution involves direct replacement, accommodation allows for new dimensions while keeping traditional designs, and innovation creates entirely new designs based on plastic capabilities. The use of plastics for food packaging provides benefits like strength, light weight, flexibility, resistance to cracking, and acting as a barrier against gases, moisture, and flavors. Important plastic developments for food packaging include modified resins, cellophane, nylon, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyethylene terephthalate.
Präsentation meiner Bachelorarbeit im Kolloquium.
Ein Beispiel zu Ergänzung des Blogartikels unter http://deinpraesentationstraining.de/praesentation-im-kolloquium-komplette-anleitung/
1. Vorbereitung: Schreiben der Abschlussarbeit
2. Präsentationserstellung
3. Halten der Präsentation
Für Fragen stehe ich gerne zur Verfügung.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
This document provides an overview and data on the physical properties of ADIPRENE urethane rubber, including typical values for hardness, modulus, tensile strength, elongation and other properties. It discusses how these properties are measured and influenced by factors like humidity and temperature. Statistical analysis methods are also described for analyzing properties and predicting future production results based on existing data.
The document discusses innovative food packaging technologies that can help reduce food waste. It begins by noting that 1/3 of the world's food production is wasted, costing $1000 billion annually. Packaging technologies like modified atmosphere packaging and controlled atmosphere packaging can help extend shelf life and freshness. The document then discusses active and intelligent packaging innovations, including oxygen scavengers, ethylene scavengers, antimicrobial agents, antioxidants, time-temperature indicators, seal and leak indicators, and freshness indicators. It provides examples of antimicrobial, antioxidant active films and nanoactive films. The document concludes by discussing the potential of these innovative packaging technologies to reduce food waste and carbon footprints.
- Blister packaging represents 4% of the $280 billion packaging industry and is worth $11.2 billion. It provides benefits over traditional packaging like bottles.
- Blister packaging ensures each dose is protected and identified until use. It prevents tampering and accidental misuse while also promoting patient compliance by clearly marking individual doses.
- While 85% of drugs in Europe are blister packed, only 20% are in the US due to historical and regulatory differences. However, its use is growing in the US as manufacturers and consumers recognize benefits like product integrity, protection, and supporting proper dosage.
GLOBAL EXTENDED PRODUCERS' RESPONSIBILITY DEVELOPMENTS AND WHAT THEY MEANiQHub
Extended producer responsibility (EPR) policies are shifting responsibility for post-consumer waste upstream to producers. EPR for packaging is an accepted policy approach worldwide to address environmental impacts of packaging. Producers' organizations (PROs) play an important role in EPR systems by coordinating collection, sorting, and recycling of packaging on behalf of producers. EPR presents both opportunities and challenges for industry, such as shaping legislation and greater access to recycled materials, but also potential cost increases and compliance requirements.
Packaging serves important branding, marketing, and communication functions. It identifies the brand, differentiates the product from competitors, and communicates value to customers. Packaging must attract attention on retail shelves among many similar products. Case studies show how changes to packaging design and colors can increase market share by making key brand messages like "caramel inside" more noticeable. Packaging is also a form of silent salesman that can influence purchasing decisions through images and information on the package.
Plastics have increasingly been used for food packaging over the last few decades due to their advantages over other materials. Plastics come into use in three phases - substitution, accommodation, and innovation - based on how designers take advantage of plastic's properties. Substitution involves direct replacement, accommodation allows for new dimensions while keeping traditional designs, and innovation creates entirely new designs based on plastic capabilities. The use of plastics for food packaging provides benefits like strength, light weight, flexibility, resistance to cracking, and acting as a barrier against gases, moisture, and flavors. Important plastic developments for food packaging include modified resins, cellophane, nylon, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyethylene terephthalate.
Präsentation meiner Bachelorarbeit im Kolloquium.
Ein Beispiel zu Ergänzung des Blogartikels unter http://deinpraesentationstraining.de/praesentation-im-kolloquium-komplette-anleitung/
1. Vorbereitung: Schreiben der Abschlussarbeit
2. Präsentationserstellung
3. Halten der Präsentation
Für Fragen stehe ich gerne zur Verfügung.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
This document provides an overview and data on the physical properties of ADIPRENE urethane rubber, including typical values for hardness, modulus, tensile strength, elongation and other properties. It discusses how these properties are measured and influenced by factors like humidity and temperature. Statistical analysis methods are also described for analyzing properties and predicting future production results based on existing data.
The document discusses innovative food packaging technologies that can help reduce food waste. It begins by noting that 1/3 of the world's food production is wasted, costing $1000 billion annually. Packaging technologies like modified atmosphere packaging and controlled atmosphere packaging can help extend shelf life and freshness. The document then discusses active and intelligent packaging innovations, including oxygen scavengers, ethylene scavengers, antimicrobial agents, antioxidants, time-temperature indicators, seal and leak indicators, and freshness indicators. It provides examples of antimicrobial, antioxidant active films and nanoactive films. The document concludes by discussing the potential of these innovative packaging technologies to reduce food waste and carbon footprints.
Saurav anand iip process of pharma packaging developmenthncsaurav
This document discusses packaging development for pharmaceutical products. It outlines the process of selecting packaging, including identifying options, testing materials, development stability testing, defining manufacturing controls, selecting the intended market pack based on testing results, and conducting pivotal stability testing. The goals are to choose packs that ensure product stability and compatibility while meeting regulatory requirements and minimizing complexity. First intent packaging aims to standardize materials to reduce costs and variability across sites.
There are 7 main types of plastics identified by numbers 1-7. Each type has different chemical properties and some are safer and more recyclable than others. Plastic types 1 (PETE) and 2 (HDPE) are widely used for water and milk bottles and are considered safe and recyclable. In contrast, types 3 (PVC), 6 (PS), and 7 (O-Others) contain chemicals like phthalates or BPA that are toxic and types 6 and 7 are not recyclable. The document provides details on the common uses and properties of each plastic type.
Packmat Industries Limited is a sister concern of PRAN-RFL Group, one of the reputed business
conglomerates of Bangladesh. Annual turnover of the Group is in the vicinity of US $ 1.00 billion.
PRAN-RFL Group started business in 1981 and gradually diversified to food & beverage,
agro-processing, foundry & real estate sector, now in packaging…….specialized in Flexible Packaging,
Carton manufacturing & Plastics.
As a part of plastic business, Packmat Industries Limited started manufacturing PET preform and
HDPE/PP closure from 2007 for beverage and mineral water industry. All preforms are made on
HUSKY HPP 4.0 injection molding machine. We also have HUSKY and SACMI system for closure.
With a capacity of 2.5 billion Preforms per annum and 1.5 billion Closures per annum, has made
Packmat Industries Limited is one of the largest manufacturer of PET preform and closure in Bangladesh.
We have preforms having neck finish of PCO-1810, PCO-1881, PCO-29/25 etc. We also have
single piece and double piece closure for CSD, Hot fill and Mineral water. Our preforms can be
made in different colors like Swire blue, green, amber etc apart from the standard clear
preforms. In fact, Packmat Industries Ltd. is one of the leading companies for complete preform
and closure solution in Bangladesh.
Corrugated cardboard is generally used to make packing or shipping containers. Though there are various other types of cardboard boxes available, corrugated cardboard boxes are the most suitable for maintaining the safety of the object it is carrying, especially for long distance shipping purposes.
Importance of eco friendly food packagingZaynah Zameer
Eco-friendly packaging is a recently growing trend across the globe due to increased environmental pollution. Eco-packaging ensures safe and proper containment of food. This sustainable form of packaging results in no or least amount of pollution because of its high recyclable property. Eco-packaging ensures the safety of the food from harmful chemicals in plastic containers.
Psycho-Sensory Principles of Brand-Building: The Attribution BiasSix Degrees
The public has the tendency to attribute bad news or behaviors to a brand’s character. This is referred to as an "attribution bias." Because of this, a brand should remember to plan for the negative eventualities and leverage them for the positives. This presentation is about psycho-sensory principles of brand-building and where an understanding of behavioral psychology combined with progressive brand-building tools can make all the difference for a company.
Paper, plastic, or neither? This ubiquitous question posed at the checkout aisle was recently examined in a comprehensive consumer study by Edelman Berland. Amidst a trend of grocery bag regulations in some cities and states, ‘reusable’ shopping bags which include non-woven polypropylene and low density polyethylene bags, are often emphasized in legislation as an environmentally friendly alternative to paper and plastic bags. The team conducted this consumer survey to determine how often consumers reuse their ‘reusable’ bags and also find out which bag consumers ultimately pick for groceries.
This document summarizes a training workshop on pharmaceutical development with a focus on pediatric formulations. It discusses considerations for pharmaceutical packaging for pediatric medicines, including choosing the most appropriate primary package, regulatory requirements, and packaging development. Specific topics covered include the roles of packaging, barrier properties of packaging, bottles and closures, blister packs, extractables and leachables testing, and packaging design through product launch.
Packaging serves several important purposes like containing, protecting, and transporting products, as well as providing information to consumers. It plays a key role in product presentation and preserving shelf life. The selection of packaging considers factors like the product, transport requirements, costs, and regulations. Packaging comes in primary, secondary, and tertiary forms and includes materials like paper, plastic, glass, and metal. Package design aims to attract customers through branding, colors, and shapes while meeting technical needs and reflecting trends in health, convenience, and sustainability.
Sneha Packaging Industries manufactures corrugated sheets and boxes. Corrugated boxes are more durable than cardboard boxes, making them suitable for shipping fragile items. The sizes of corrugated boxes are measured by their inner dimensions of length, width, and height. Corrugated boards are made by passing kraft paper through heated rollers to form fluted layers, which are then glued between flat liner sheets to form lightweight yet strong packaging materials. Sneha Packaging Industries produces single, double, and triple wall corrugated boards using various flute profiles to meet customer needs.
Reglamentacion de empaques solo regla 41juan jacobo
Este documento resume la Regla 41 de la UFC y el Item 222 de la NMFC, que establecen los requisitos para las cajas de cartón corrugado utilizadas para el transporte de mercancías. Detalla las especificaciones mínimas requeridas para el cartón corrugado simple, doble y triple en términos de peso, dimensiones, resistencia al estallido y resistencia a la compresión. También explica que las cajas deben llevar un sello de certificación del fabricante de cajas para cumplir con esta reglamentación.
The document summarizes the state of the flexible packaging industry in the United States. It finds that flexible packaging continues to grow at 3% annually due to opportunities in retail factors like stand-up pouches and environmental factors including more sustainable materials. Flexible packaging reduces waste and uses less energy throughout its lifecycle compared to alternatives. The future of flexible packaging is promising as sustainability becomes more important to consumers and retailers.
The document discusses issues related to plastics production, waste management, and leakage into the environment. It notes that without changes, plastic production will account for 20% of oil consumption and 15% of greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Currently, only 30% of plastic waste in the EU is recycled, with the rest incinerated, landfilled, or exported. The document outlines options to address these issues, including using alternative feedstocks, improving recyclability through design, developing innovative recycling technologies, enacting legislation to promote recycling over disposal, and reducing microplastics leakage into the environment. The overall goal is to transition from a linear plastic economy to a more circular one.
Om Plastic Industries Company PresentationMahesh Chugh
Om Plastic Industries (An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company) is one of India's leading manufacturers & suppliers of all kinds of Plastic products & Rubber products. At Om Plastic Industries, Quality and innovations in designs have been our hallmarks. We are one of the fast growing and fast improving company in this field. Ever since our established in 2002, we have mastered in manufacturing Plastic, Rubber & sheet Metal Components as per customer requirements and as per requirement of the day. Our products are supplied all over India. We have been exporting our quality Products to various countries through leading export houses.
The document describes a sustainable CD packaging model. It consists of multiple leaves that can be detached individually for storing or handling specific CDs and DVDs. The packaging is made from paper, biodegradable plastics and boards, and is designed to reduce materials and be easily recycled without environmental hazards. It provides protection, appearance, and easy handling of CDs while promoting reuse and reducing waste.
OECD Global Forum on the Environment dedicated to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Su...OECD Environment
PFAS, which stands for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, are a diverse group of chemicals that include PFCAs, PFOA, PFSAs, PFHxS, and thousands of others. These chemicals have been in commercial production since the 1950s and are now widely used in consumer and industrial applications. One characteristic of PFAS is their persistence in the environment, as they are extremely resistant to degradation. PFAS have emerged as contaminants of global concern because of their potential to accumulate in the human body and food chains.
On 12-13 February 2024, a wide range of stakeholders, including governments, industry, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and academics came together to discuss various topics related to PFAS. These topics covered areas such as country risk management approaches, innovation challenges for finding safer alternatives, effective risk communication strategies, monitoring techniques, waste management, and approaches to managing contamination.
This innovating document, created by SIGRE, gathers graphic and detailed information about the methodology used to analyze the packaging’s environmental impact throughout its life cycle. Thus, it may allow the laboratories to apply this methodology in their own packaging in an effective way.
On February 26th, Circular Berlin together with RawParadise and Project Together hosted our first event in 2020, where we shared our knowledge on the topic of plastic packaging.
Schiedel sought to reduce plastic usage at its Washington manufacturing plant. It identified plastic wrap used for flexible liners as an area for improvement. Trials with an alternative thinner wrap from Kite showed a considerable reduction in plastic used - from 17.65kg to 14.85kg per shift. The new wrap also improved efficiency by reducing changeovers and allowing more product to be transported while providing better coverage. The plant was pleased with the results and hopes it can inspire other companies to pursue similar plastic reduction initiatives.
Saurav anand iip process of pharma packaging developmenthncsaurav
This document discusses packaging development for pharmaceutical products. It outlines the process of selecting packaging, including identifying options, testing materials, development stability testing, defining manufacturing controls, selecting the intended market pack based on testing results, and conducting pivotal stability testing. The goals are to choose packs that ensure product stability and compatibility while meeting regulatory requirements and minimizing complexity. First intent packaging aims to standardize materials to reduce costs and variability across sites.
There are 7 main types of plastics identified by numbers 1-7. Each type has different chemical properties and some are safer and more recyclable than others. Plastic types 1 (PETE) and 2 (HDPE) are widely used for water and milk bottles and are considered safe and recyclable. In contrast, types 3 (PVC), 6 (PS), and 7 (O-Others) contain chemicals like phthalates or BPA that are toxic and types 6 and 7 are not recyclable. The document provides details on the common uses and properties of each plastic type.
Packmat Industries Limited is a sister concern of PRAN-RFL Group, one of the reputed business
conglomerates of Bangladesh. Annual turnover of the Group is in the vicinity of US $ 1.00 billion.
PRAN-RFL Group started business in 1981 and gradually diversified to food & beverage,
agro-processing, foundry & real estate sector, now in packaging…….specialized in Flexible Packaging,
Carton manufacturing & Plastics.
As a part of plastic business, Packmat Industries Limited started manufacturing PET preform and
HDPE/PP closure from 2007 for beverage and mineral water industry. All preforms are made on
HUSKY HPP 4.0 injection molding machine. We also have HUSKY and SACMI system for closure.
With a capacity of 2.5 billion Preforms per annum and 1.5 billion Closures per annum, has made
Packmat Industries Limited is one of the largest manufacturer of PET preform and closure in Bangladesh.
We have preforms having neck finish of PCO-1810, PCO-1881, PCO-29/25 etc. We also have
single piece and double piece closure for CSD, Hot fill and Mineral water. Our preforms can be
made in different colors like Swire blue, green, amber etc apart from the standard clear
preforms. In fact, Packmat Industries Ltd. is one of the leading companies for complete preform
and closure solution in Bangladesh.
Corrugated cardboard is generally used to make packing or shipping containers. Though there are various other types of cardboard boxes available, corrugated cardboard boxes are the most suitable for maintaining the safety of the object it is carrying, especially for long distance shipping purposes.
Importance of eco friendly food packagingZaynah Zameer
Eco-friendly packaging is a recently growing trend across the globe due to increased environmental pollution. Eco-packaging ensures safe and proper containment of food. This sustainable form of packaging results in no or least amount of pollution because of its high recyclable property. Eco-packaging ensures the safety of the food from harmful chemicals in plastic containers.
Psycho-Sensory Principles of Brand-Building: The Attribution BiasSix Degrees
The public has the tendency to attribute bad news or behaviors to a brand’s character. This is referred to as an "attribution bias." Because of this, a brand should remember to plan for the negative eventualities and leverage them for the positives. This presentation is about psycho-sensory principles of brand-building and where an understanding of behavioral psychology combined with progressive brand-building tools can make all the difference for a company.
Paper, plastic, or neither? This ubiquitous question posed at the checkout aisle was recently examined in a comprehensive consumer study by Edelman Berland. Amidst a trend of grocery bag regulations in some cities and states, ‘reusable’ shopping bags which include non-woven polypropylene and low density polyethylene bags, are often emphasized in legislation as an environmentally friendly alternative to paper and plastic bags. The team conducted this consumer survey to determine how often consumers reuse their ‘reusable’ bags and also find out which bag consumers ultimately pick for groceries.
This document summarizes a training workshop on pharmaceutical development with a focus on pediatric formulations. It discusses considerations for pharmaceutical packaging for pediatric medicines, including choosing the most appropriate primary package, regulatory requirements, and packaging development. Specific topics covered include the roles of packaging, barrier properties of packaging, bottles and closures, blister packs, extractables and leachables testing, and packaging design through product launch.
Packaging serves several important purposes like containing, protecting, and transporting products, as well as providing information to consumers. It plays a key role in product presentation and preserving shelf life. The selection of packaging considers factors like the product, transport requirements, costs, and regulations. Packaging comes in primary, secondary, and tertiary forms and includes materials like paper, plastic, glass, and metal. Package design aims to attract customers through branding, colors, and shapes while meeting technical needs and reflecting trends in health, convenience, and sustainability.
Sneha Packaging Industries manufactures corrugated sheets and boxes. Corrugated boxes are more durable than cardboard boxes, making them suitable for shipping fragile items. The sizes of corrugated boxes are measured by their inner dimensions of length, width, and height. Corrugated boards are made by passing kraft paper through heated rollers to form fluted layers, which are then glued between flat liner sheets to form lightweight yet strong packaging materials. Sneha Packaging Industries produces single, double, and triple wall corrugated boards using various flute profiles to meet customer needs.
Reglamentacion de empaques solo regla 41juan jacobo
Este documento resume la Regla 41 de la UFC y el Item 222 de la NMFC, que establecen los requisitos para las cajas de cartón corrugado utilizadas para el transporte de mercancías. Detalla las especificaciones mínimas requeridas para el cartón corrugado simple, doble y triple en términos de peso, dimensiones, resistencia al estallido y resistencia a la compresión. También explica que las cajas deben llevar un sello de certificación del fabricante de cajas para cumplir con esta reglamentación.
The document summarizes the state of the flexible packaging industry in the United States. It finds that flexible packaging continues to grow at 3% annually due to opportunities in retail factors like stand-up pouches and environmental factors including more sustainable materials. Flexible packaging reduces waste and uses less energy throughout its lifecycle compared to alternatives. The future of flexible packaging is promising as sustainability becomes more important to consumers and retailers.
The document discusses issues related to plastics production, waste management, and leakage into the environment. It notes that without changes, plastic production will account for 20% of oil consumption and 15% of greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Currently, only 30% of plastic waste in the EU is recycled, with the rest incinerated, landfilled, or exported. The document outlines options to address these issues, including using alternative feedstocks, improving recyclability through design, developing innovative recycling technologies, enacting legislation to promote recycling over disposal, and reducing microplastics leakage into the environment. The overall goal is to transition from a linear plastic economy to a more circular one.
Om Plastic Industries Company PresentationMahesh Chugh
Om Plastic Industries (An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company) is one of India's leading manufacturers & suppliers of all kinds of Plastic products & Rubber products. At Om Plastic Industries, Quality and innovations in designs have been our hallmarks. We are one of the fast growing and fast improving company in this field. Ever since our established in 2002, we have mastered in manufacturing Plastic, Rubber & sheet Metal Components as per customer requirements and as per requirement of the day. Our products are supplied all over India. We have been exporting our quality Products to various countries through leading export houses.
The document describes a sustainable CD packaging model. It consists of multiple leaves that can be detached individually for storing or handling specific CDs and DVDs. The packaging is made from paper, biodegradable plastics and boards, and is designed to reduce materials and be easily recycled without environmental hazards. It provides protection, appearance, and easy handling of CDs while promoting reuse and reducing waste.
OECD Global Forum on the Environment dedicated to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Su...OECD Environment
PFAS, which stands for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, are a diverse group of chemicals that include PFCAs, PFOA, PFSAs, PFHxS, and thousands of others. These chemicals have been in commercial production since the 1950s and are now widely used in consumer and industrial applications. One characteristic of PFAS is their persistence in the environment, as they are extremely resistant to degradation. PFAS have emerged as contaminants of global concern because of their potential to accumulate in the human body and food chains.
On 12-13 February 2024, a wide range of stakeholders, including governments, industry, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and academics came together to discuss various topics related to PFAS. These topics covered areas such as country risk management approaches, innovation challenges for finding safer alternatives, effective risk communication strategies, monitoring techniques, waste management, and approaches to managing contamination.
This innovating document, created by SIGRE, gathers graphic and detailed information about the methodology used to analyze the packaging’s environmental impact throughout its life cycle. Thus, it may allow the laboratories to apply this methodology in their own packaging in an effective way.
On February 26th, Circular Berlin together with RawParadise and Project Together hosted our first event in 2020, where we shared our knowledge on the topic of plastic packaging.
Schiedel sought to reduce plastic usage at its Washington manufacturing plant. It identified plastic wrap used for flexible liners as an area for improvement. Trials with an alternative thinner wrap from Kite showed a considerable reduction in plastic used - from 17.65kg to 14.85kg per shift. The new wrap also improved efficiency by reducing changeovers and allowing more product to be transported while providing better coverage. The plant was pleased with the results and hopes it can inspire other companies to pursue similar plastic reduction initiatives.
Business sustainability has become the hardest in the global market for any small or giant company in Bangladesh. Companies are adopting & implementing many approaches to sustain in the market. Cost cutting approach has been addressed as one of the most efficient supply chain approach. Supply chain plays the key role to minimize the total cost and maximize the overall value generated. Potential growth of economy of any country depends on the sustainable and stable business policy and its execution. Likewise, any industry’s growth depends on it internal & external business policy and precise successful implementation of the policies. Manufacturing industries in Bangladesh has been booming from the early 80’s. And yet to reach to the lean manufacturing approach due to lack of understanding of the modern supply chain practices and approaches. Supply chain professionals in the world are at the edge of demolishing the unwanted cost involvement within the process and re-engineering the process flow according to the specific organization need.
Practice shows that using reusable plastic container (RPC) is one of the successful approaches for many manufacturing companies to reduce the overall cost of goods and implementing the environment friendly supply chain practices. Durability and multiuse are the core advantages of plastic container. Reusable plastic container can be used instead of corrugated carton, wooden box, paper bags and plastic poly bag. Reusable plastic containers can have a greater impact on the total cost of goods and supply chain responsibility as a whole and make supply chain operations more responsive & efficient.
This paper intend to demonstrate the benefits and the drawback of using reusable plastic container in one of the Bangladeshi medical devices components manufacturing company by using cost benefit study. The purpose and the objective of the study are to identify the potential outcomes of the application of using reusable plastic container and justify the sustainability of the approach and execution of the application.
The document summarizes a study that investigated the environmental impacts of novel packaging materials compared to conventional plastic packaging. The study looked at reducing impacts through package design changes like using less material, replacing plastics with fibers, and developing new materials. It analyzed demo cases of different packaging alternatives and their life cycles. The results found that a recyclable plastic and a new material based on modified PLA had lower carbon footprints than conventional plastic or current fiber-based packaging. The end-of-life scenario significantly impacted the results, with fiber-based packaging having a lower footprint than plastics under incineration but not recycling.
This report is a contribution towards a better understanding of the circular economy of plastics. It provides a European overview of plastics production, conversion into parts and products, waste collection and treatment, including recycling. It also addresses the production of recyclates and their use in different applications.
1. The document proposes a new regulation on packaging and packaging waste to replace the current directive and harmonize rules across EU member states.
2. Key aspects of the regulation include establishing recycling targets, requiring all packaging to be recyclable by 2030, banning certain single-use plastic packaging, and mandating minimum recycled content levels for plastic and other packaging.
3. The regulation aims to reduce packaging waste and promote reuse and recycling to develop a circular economy for packaging in the EU.
The presentation delas with a comparison between plastic bags and plastic bags. I have taken into consideration the economic as well as environmental effects of the use of both. The tool used was life cycle assessment through softwares like CES and EIO-LCA.
RECYCLING THE WASTE PLASTIC MATERIAL WITH THE HELP OF HEAT TREARTMENTjaideep kishanpuri
The document is a project report submitted for a degree in mechanical engineering. It discusses recycling waste plastic material through heat treatment. The objectives are to study the effect of sulfuric acid treatment on zeolite catalyst characteristics and its use in waste polypropylene pyrolysis. It aims to optimize the process to produce liquid fuel from different plastics and characterize the fuel properties. The report also examines engine performance and emissions from the waste plastic fuel. It scopes thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of plastics like polypropylene, low density polyethylene, and polystyrene to produce liquid fuels using kaolin activated catalyst. The methodology involves pyrolyzing plastic waste at 200-350°C in a reactor to produce similar diesel-like
Chemical recycling processes have potential to enhance plastic recycling rates beyond traditional mechanical recycling. This review analyzes various chemical recycling routes for plastic waste and assesses them through life-cycle analysis. It identifies 150+ companies developing chemical recycling technologies and discusses their role in a circular plastic economy. The review finds each existing process is suitable for specific waste streams, so a combination is needed to fully address the plastic waste problem. It recommends research focus on more realistic, contaminated mixed waste streams, while improving collection and sorting infrastructure through regulation. The review aims to inspire further science and innovation to produce higher value recycled plastic products suitable for reuse in a circular economy model.
Fra konferencen: 'Kemisk genanvendelse af plast - en vej til en cirkulær fremtid?' Presentation ved Christian Lach, Product Management & Marketing Europe: 'From plastic waste to chemically recycled products'.
Online Сase Solution by Benchmark company at Changellenge Cup Moscow 2012esprezo
The document outlines a strategy to eliminate landfill waste and cut costs at a factory in Tula, Russia. The strategy involves two phases: 1) Quickly switching from sending waste to landfills to more environmentally-friendly options like incineration and recycling without large cost increases. 2) Transitioning to more cost-efficient waste management approaches through initiatives like building a small recycling facility, expanding reuse, and reducing packaging. The strategy is estimated to save $6.8 million by 2015 through landfill elimination and $84 million from 2016-2020 from cost cutting measures, providing $77 million in total cost savings.
A Comparative Greenhouse Gas Emission Assessment of Two Gasket Manufacturing ...Zatkoff Seals & Packings
Zatkoff Seals & Packings, the largest independent distributor of seals in North America, commissioned an independent comparative product life cycle emission analysis. This analysis compares the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions produced by the Synthetic Fiber and Nitrile Butadiene (SFNB) gasket, which is manufactured with the calendering process, to the emissions of the Rubber-Edged Composite (REC) gasket, which is manufactured with the Beater-Addition process.
By comparing the manufacturing process of the REC gasket and the SFNB gasket, it is discovered that the production process matters a great deal for the environment. This study concludes that the SFNB gasket offers significant environmental benefits. The SFNB gasket offers up to 30% emission reductions, including energy savings around water and forestry, when compared to the REC gasket.
Moving towards a Circular Economy – Europe between Ambitions and RealityI W
This document provides an overview and analysis of the European Union's efforts to transition to a circular economy as outlined in its 2015 Circular Economy Package. It discusses the package's ambitions and the realities facing EU member states. Key points:
- The package aims to keep resources in use for longer by increasing recycling and reuse through new waste reduction, recycling and landfill targets for member states.
- Germany currently leads EU recycling but may face challenges meeting the new harmonized calculation methods and higher targets. Other countries need to significantly improve recycling infrastructure and rates.
- The package also promotes eco-design to facilitate recycling and extended producer responsibility to internalize waste management costs. However, implementation challenges remain regarding economic and technical feasibility
sustainable development in packaging and its economic aspect.Sagar Sen Gupta
The following presentation describes various sustainable developments in primary packaging materials of paper, glass and plastic.
Made by - Sagar sengupta
Post graduate diploma in packaging
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF PACKAGING.
Plastics - the Facts is an analysis of the latest data related to plastics production, demand, conversion and waste management in Europe. It also provides information on key figures of the European plastics industry. In short, this report gives an insight into the industry’s contribution to European society.
Plastics - the Facts is an analysis of the latest data related to plastics production, demand, conversion and waste management in Europe. It also provides information on key figures of the European plastics industry. In short, this report gives an insight into the industry’s contribution to European society.
Tackling packaging waste in the domestic sphere using a retailer’s customer l...Ramy Salemdeeb
This document proposes using customer loyalty schemes to track packaging waste and encourage recycling. It would work as follows:
1. Retailers would store the weight and type of each product's packaging in their database.
2. At checkout, the weights of packaging waste types from each purchase would be added up to calculate an overall packaging waste footprint for the customer.
3. Customers could access their recycling data and footprint through their online loyalty account, along with tips to improve recycling.
Sun chemical guide_to_sustainable_packagingDarshanvartak3
The document discusses the growth of flexible packaging and concerns about packaging waste. It then outlines Sun Chemical's approach to developing more sustainable packaging solutions, including increasing biorenewable content, making packaging easier to recycle, and aligning their goals with the UN's sustainable development goals. Sun Chemical is working on innovations like mono-material plastics, paper-based packaging, and digital printing technologies to help the packaging industry reduce waste and environmental impact.
Similar to Material Efficiency of Packaging in Comparison .pdf (20)
Die Substitution von Kunststoffverpackungen durch papierbasierte Verbundverpackungen ist ein viel diskutierter Trend auf dem Verpackungsmarkt.
Die GVM hat diese Thematik mehrfach in Studien für die IK Industrievereinigung Kunststoffverpackungen bearbeitet. Diese Studien trafen in der Fachöffentlichkeit auf erhebliche Aufmerksamkeit.
Zwischenzeitlich werden weitere lenkungspolitische Maßnahmen diskutiert, die in
erster Linie auf Kunststoffverpackungen abzielen.
Vor diesem Hintergrund sind die Zielsetzungen dieser Studie:
1. Das Potenzial der Ersetzung von Kunststoffverpackungen durch Papierverbunde ist zu beziffern.
2. Insbesondere die Wirkung neuer Lenkungsmaßnahmen auf den Verbrauch von
Verpackungen aus Kunststoff und Papierverbunden ist zu prognostizieren.
3. Sonstige Auswirkungen sind zu benennen und beschreiben.
Vor diesem Hintergrund beantwortet diese Studie die folgenden Fragen:
1. Welche Dynamik hat die Ersetzung von Kunststoffverpackungen durch Papierverbunde mittelfristig (bis 2030)?
2. In welchen Marktsegmenten ist die Dynamik besonders hoch bzw. niedrig (qualitativ)?
3. Welche Tonnage von Kunststoffverpackungen wird entfallen?
4. Welche Tonnage von Papierverbunden ist für die Ersetzung notwendig?
In dieser Studie geht es in erster Linie um die Substitutionsrichtung von Kunststoffverpackungen zu Verpackungen aus Papierverbunden.
Die Substitution von Kunststoffverpackungen durch Papier-Monoverpackungen, durch andere Materialien oder durch Mehrweg-Packmittel ist nicht Teil der Untersuchung, sondern wird nur kurz im Basisszenario thematisiert.
Alle nachfolgend wiedergegebenen Ergebnisse zu den Bezugsjahren 2022 bis 2024 beziehen sich auf den Bearbeitungsstand März 2024.
Alle Daten zum Aufkommen von Verpackungen sind in Kilotonnen (= 1.000 Tonnen) wiedergegeben.
Alle Daten zum Aufkommen von Verpackungen beziehen sich auf systembeteiligungspflichtige Verpackungen des privaten Endverbrauchs.
Nicht berücksichtigt sind folglich:
• Bepfandete Einweg-Getränkeverpackungen
• Gewerblich anfallende Verpackungen, Transportverpackungen
• Mehrwegverpackungen
• Sonstige Verpackungen nach § 15 VerpackG
KUNSTSTOFF IST EIN KREISLAUF-MATERIAL
CO2 als neue Währung: Ökobilanzen zählen!
Verpflichtende Mehrwegquoten sind scheinbar das Ergebnis von Bauchgefühl und „Fishing for Wählerstimmen“ und beruhen aktuell nicht wirklich auf Ökobilanzen. Das sehen wir kritisch. Schließlich muss es um echte und nicht nur gefühlte Nachhaltigkeit gehen. Erhöhen wir durch Mehrwegquoten am Ende die CO2-Bilanz haben wir in Sachen Klimaschutz nichts gewonnen. Sehr relevant sind in diesem Zusammenhang die Erkenntnisse des ifeu Instituts und seiner Partner im innoredux-Projekt.
Die Studie der GVM Gesellschaft für Verpackungsmarktforschung und des ifeu-Instituts für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH im Auftrag von acht Branchenverbänden zeigt, dass die mit dem deutschen Verpackungsaufkommen verbundenen Treibhausgasemissionen bis 2045 um 94 Prozent gesenkt werden können. Die Studie prognostiziert, dass der Verpackungsverbrauch in Deutschland seinen Höhepunkt 2021 erreicht hat und in Zukunft kontinuierlich sinken wird. Steigen werden dagegen der Einsatz von Rezyklat und die Recyclingquoten.
Lediglich bestimmte Lebensmittelverpackungen aus Kunststoff sind von den Vorgaben für Einweg-Produkte betroffen. Die Kriterien sind in der Anlage sowohl für Einweg-Kunststoff-Lebensmittelverpackungen als auch für Tüten und Folienverpackungen mit Lebensmittelinhalt übersichtsweise dargestellt und werden im Folgenden erläutert.
Aufgrund der vielfach unklaren Vorgaben der Richtlinie (und in der Folge des Gesetzes) sowie den oftmals unzureichenden Leitlinien der Kommission ist die erforderliche Prüfung, ob eine bestimmte Lebensmittelverpackung unter die Vorgaben fällt, komplex. Dieser Leitfaden zeigt auf, welche Aspekte bei der Prüfung zu berücksichtigen sind. Vielfach wird eine abschließende Klärung des Anwendungsbereichs der Vorgaben allerdings voraussichtlich den Gerichten überlassen bleiben.
Ziel der Studie ist es, die Materialeffizienz von Kunststoffverpackungen mit der
Materialeffizienz anderer Materialien zu vergleichen.
Bezugsjahr der Studie ist 2021.
Die Ergebnisse beziehen sich auf den privaten Endverbrauch von Verpackungen in
Deutschland.
Dazu zählen auch die bepfandeten Einweg-Getränkeverpackungen.
Unter Verbrauch ist die in Deutschland befüllt in Verkehr gebrachte Menge von
Verpackungen zu verstehen (auch als Marktmenge bezeichnet).
Die Analyse umfasst die folgenden fünf Materialgruppen:
• Glas,
• Papier, Pappe und Karton,
• Kunststoff,
• Eisenmetalle,
• Aluminium
Die Verbundfraktionen werden der jeweiligen Hauptmaterialfraktion zugeordnet. Dies
bedeutet z.B. für die Materialgruppe PPK, dass hier auch Verbunde auf Papierbasis und
Getränkekartonverpackungen enthalten sind.
Verpackungen aus Holz und sonstige Materialien werden nicht einbezogen.
In der deutschen Landwirtschaft werden jährlich etwa 75 000 t Agrarkunststoffe eingesetzt. Agrarkunststoffe bezeichnen z.B. Folien, Garne, Netze und Vliese aus Kunststoff, die in der
Landwirtschaft zur Herstellung und Lagerung von Futtermitteln oder für frühere und bessere Ernten genutzt werden. Manche Kunststoffe können nur eine Saison lang genutzt werden, andere, wie zum Beispiel Spargelfolien, werden bis zu 9 Jahre immer wieder verwendet. Am Ende der Lebenszeit fallen sie als Kunststoffabfall in landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben an.
Die Erhebung, Dokumentation und Veröffentlichung von Produktions
und Verarbeitungsdaten unter Einbeziehung der Verwertung sind ein wesentliches Instrumentarium für die kontinuierliche Darstellung der Entwicklung der Kunststoffbranche in Deutschland.
Aufgrund der hohen Bedeutung sowohl im öffentlichen als auch im wirtschaftlichen Bereich und der hohen Nachfrage nach diesen
Informationen wird
diese Studie alle zwei Jahre durchgeführt. Die hier dargestellten Daten und Fakten beziehen sich auf das Jahr 2021.
Die Studie liefert dabei ein umfassendes Stoffstrombild für den Werkstoff Kunststoff in Deutschland und umfasst die Bereiche
• Produktion, Verarbeitung und Verbrauch von Kunststoffen und Kunststoffprodukten
• Abfallaufkommen und Verwertung
• Kunststoffrezyklat und Nebenprodukte sowie deren Einsatzgebiete
Bei Kunststoffen dreht sich was…
Vortragsfolien - Mara Hancker, Geschäftsführerin IK Industrievereinigung Kunststoffverpackungen e.V.
Informationen und Grafiken zum Kunststoffmarkt, Kunststoffproduktion, Recycling von Kunststoffverpackungen, Recyclingquote aus dem Gelben Sack, Verpackungsbedarf, PET-Pfandsystem, Einsatz von Rezyklaten, Kunststoffen in der Landwirtschaft, CO2-Reduktion durch Kunststoff und der damit verbundenen Nachhaltigkeit.
Entwicklung von Konsumverhalten, Aufkommen und Materialeffizienz von Verpackungen
Hintergrund und Zielsetzung
Der private Endverbrauch von Verpackungen nahm zwischen 1991 und 2020
über alle Materialien um 1,04 Mio. Tonnen bzw. 14 % auf 8,7 Mio. Tonnen zu.
2. Der Gesamtverbrauch von Verpackungen in Deutschland nahm zwischen 1991
und 2020 um 3,2 Mio. Tonnen bzw. 21 % zu.
3. Mit dieser Studie soll ein Beitrag geleistet werden, die öffentliche und fachliche
Diskussion um das zunehmende Verpackungsaufkommen zu versachlichen.
4. Die Arbeitshypothese war die Folgende: Die Zunahme des Verpackungsverbrauchs
ist zu einem erheblichen Teil darauf zurückzuführen, dass immer
mehr Produkte konsumiert werden.
5. In der Studie ist zu beantworten, zu welchem Teil die Entwicklung des
Verpackungsverbrauchs auf diesen Konsumeffekt (im Folgenden auch
Mengeneffekt) sowie auf Struktureffekte zurückzuführen ist.
Plastikverpackungen – vom unverzichtbaren Alltagsbegleiter bis zum Umweltfeind - Vortrag von Mara Hancker, Geschäftsführerin der IK Industrievereinigung Kunststoffverpackungen e.V., auf der Fachpack 2021. Themen: Kunststoffverpackungen, Ressourcenverbrauch, Ökobilanz, Entsorgung, Recycling & Kreislaufwirtschaft UND ein kurzes Quiz
EPS ist in Europa unter vielen Namen bekannt - Styropr, Polystirol, Polystyrende und viele mehr. In Europa hat man sich 2015 auf den gemeinsamen Namen airpop verständigt und bringt damit auf den Punkt, welche Vorzüge das Material eigentlich hat. Nämlich Luft. Ganz viel Luft. 98 Prozent Luft, um genau zu sein. Und nur ein minimaler Anteil an Kunststoff.
Kunststofferzeuger trotzen Pandemie mit Resilienz
Der Verband der Kunststofferzeuger PlasticsEurope Deutschland hat bei seinem jährlichen Wirtschaftspressegespräch die jüngsten Erwartungen der Branche bestätigt: Die Kunststoffproduktion in Deutschland ging im Jahr 2020 – in Anbetracht der Pandemie – um 1,6 Prozent zurück. Um auch weiterhin resilient und wettbewerbsfähig zu bleiben, will die Kunststoffbranche zum Treiber von nachhaltiger Produktion und Kreislaufwirtschaft werden, so das generelle Fazit der Veranstaltung.
Es gibt viele Mythen um die Entsorgung, das Recycling und die Wiederverwendung von Kunststoff, insbesondere bei Verpackungen.
Ja, in der Vergangenheit ist da einiges falsch gelaufen. Aber es hat sich in Deutschland auch sehr viel in die richtige Richtung verändert.
Weniger Umsatz, mehr Wertschätzung und Kreislaufwirtschaft als Chance: Kunststoffverarbeiter ziehen gemischte Bilanz 2020
Der Gesamtverband Kunststoffverarbeitende Industrie e. V. (GKV) zog in seiner Jahreswirtschaftspressekonferenz am Aschermittwoch, 17. Februar 2021, eine Bilanz der Kunststoffverarbeitung in Deutschland für das Jahr 2020. Der Branchenumsatz ging im vergangenen Jahr um 5,6 Prozent auf 61,5 Mrd. Euro zurück.
Frankfurt am Main, 17. Februar 2021.
nvestitionen in den Ausbau der Recyclinginfrastruktur werden europaweit dringend benötigt, wenn die Kunststoffindustrie ihre Ziele zum Rezyklateinsatz im Jahr 2025 erreichen will. Können diese nicht erfolgen, so stellt dies ein Nachhaltigkeitsrisiko für die ohnehin schon stark unter Druck stehenden Kunststoffwertschöpfungsketten
in ganz Europa dar. Doch ist Besonnenheit bei den geforderten Lösungen und eine genaue Analyse der Daten- und Faktenlage gefragt.
Die Erhebung, Dokumentation und Veröffentlichung von Produktions- und Verarbeitungsdaten unter Einbeziehung der Verwertung sind ein wesentliches Instrumentarium für die kontinuierliche Darstellung der Entwicklung der Kunststoffbranche in Deutschland. Dies gilt sowohl gegenüber dem öffentlichen Bereich und den Unternehmen, als auch den privaten Endverbrauchern. Aufgrund der hohen Bedeutung sowohl im öffentlichen als auch im wirtschaftlichen Bereich und der hohen Nachfrage nach diesen Informationen, wurde diese Studie für das Jahr 2019 durchgeführt.
Die Studie liefert dabei ein umfassendes Stoffstrombild für den Werkstoff Kunststoff in Deutschland und umfasst die Bereiche
• Produktion, Verarbeitung und Verbrauch
• Abfallaufkommen und Verwertung
• Kunststoffrezyklat und dessen Einsatzgebiete
Die Erhebung, Dokumentation und Veröffentlichung von Produktions- und Verarbeitungsdaten unter Einbeziehung der Verwertung sind ein
wesentliches Instrumentarium für die kontinuierliche Darstellung der Entwicklung der Kunststoffbranche in Deutschland. Dies gilt sowohl
gegenüber dem öffentlichen Bereich und den Unternehmen, als auch den privaten Endverbrauchern.
The global plastics industry is working towards a more circular economy for plastics, leading stakeholders to improve existing and invest in new waste management and recovery solutions, address illegal dumping, and to deploy advanced technologies to generate valuable new materials from waste.
There is currently a relative lack of publicly available information on global plastic waste generation and disposition (e.g., “waste flows”). Better information would help support stakeholder investment, and help guide decision making to focus on areas of greatest need. Because investments and other interventions are undertaken at a national and sub-national level, this pilot survey has been undertaken in consultation with national representative with knowledge concerning local waste generation, collection, recycling, energy recovery and disposal of plastics waste in individual countries.
This survey presents national level responses, and then uses that information to make general global predictions on plastic waste flows. While this information can have directional benefit, it has important limitations to this methodology. First, plastic “leakage” into the environment varies greatly from country to country, and even within different parts of each country. Furthermore, regulations, economics and priorities for waste management vary greatly. Finally, as this is thought to be a first global survey, it is expected that subsequent analysis and measured data will result in more reliable iterations. Irrespective of this, the study defines a first base line to monitor the further developments over the next few years. This pilot study was also carried out to define and develop a uniform basic data structure on national, regional and global level and to encourage other countries participating in this project, which still have gaps in their plastics statistics. In addition, this publicly available pilot study can be used by other parties as a basis for further specific studies.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptxRayLetai1
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
Material Efficiency of Packaging in Comparison .pdf
1. Mainz, den 16.12.2009 Titel der Präsentation
Material Efficiency of Packaging in Comparison
On behalf of:
IK Industrievereinigung Kunststoffverpackungen e.V.
Mainz, May 2023
2. Mainz, May 2023 Material Efficiency of Packaging in Comparison
Research Objectives,
Methodology
2
3. Mainz, May 2023 Material Efficiency of Packaging in Comparison
1. Objectives
> The goal of the study is to compare the material efficiency of plastic packaging with that
of other packaging materials.
> Furthermore, greenhouse gas calculations were carried out to investigate the impact of
replacing plastic packaging with other materials on the greenhouse gas potential.
2. Reference Year
> Reference year of this study is 2021.
3. Population
> The results relate to the volume of packaging consumption from private end-users in
Germany.
> Single-use beverage packaging in the deposit and return system is also included.
> Consumption hereby refers to the amount of packaging filled and placed on the market in
Germany (also referred to as market volume).
Research Objectives
3
4. Mainz, May 2023 Material Efficiency of Packaging in Comparison
4. Packaging Materials
> The analysis includes the five following groups of packaging material:
• Glass,
• Paper, carton, and cardboard,
• Plastic,
• Ferrous metals,
• Aluminium
> The composite fractions are assigned to the group of the respective main material. It
means, for example, that paper-based composites and beverage carton packaging are
included in paper, carton, and cardboard material group.
> Packaging made of wood and other materials are not included in the study.
Research Objectives
4
5. Mainz, May 2023 Material Efficiency of Packaging in Comparison
5. Material Efficiency, Indicator of Material Efficiency
> Material efficiency describes how much packaging material is required to pack a certain
quantity of goods.
> The material efficiency is given here in grams of packaging material per kilogram of
goods filled (or product packed):
Material efficiency =
Packaging material (Gram)
Goods filled (Kilogram)
6. Closures, Auxiliary Packaging Material
> Material efficiency is indicated without taking into consideration closures and auxiliary
packaging (e.g., labels, spouts, handling aids, inner bags, outer wraps, etc.).
> This approach is somewhat favourable to glass material, because the wide-neck closures
on jars are usually heavier than other closures.
Research Objectives
5
6. Mainz, May 2023 Material Efficiency of Packaging in Comparison
7. Weighted-Mean of Nominal Fill Size
> Arithmetic mean of nominal fill sizes will not be used.
> That means, in the calculation of material efficiency, the market shares of each
packaging variant and fill size are included in the mean value.
> The resulting mean value is therefore a weighted-mean.
> The same is applied in evaluating the impact of substituting plastic packaging with other
packaging materials on the amount of waste. Weighted-mean based on market
importance is also used in calculating the amount of plastic packaging to be substituted
and of the substitute packaging materials.
Methodology
6
7. Mainz, May 2023 Material Efficiency of Packaging in Comparison
8. Conversion and Standardization of Product Unit
> Around 1.400 products segments are depicted in GVM’s database.
> The units of the nominal fill sizes of the individual products vary. The unit in which the
product quantity placed on the market per packaging is usually indicated corresponds to
the nominal fill size.
> Common product units are (selection): liter, kilogram, piece, pair, meter, square meter.
> Therefore, the product units have been converted to kilograms for standardisation.
> This work was carried out in a simplified procedure (primarily for the fast-moving
consumer goods).
Methodology
7
8. Mainz, May 2023 Material Efficiency of Packaging in Comparison
9. Examples for Material Efficiency
> The results are supplemented by examples of comparisons between plastic packaging and
alternatives made from other materials.
> Examples of packaging that were placed on the market in Germany in 2023 were
selected.
> All examples represent important market segments.
> Two following dimensions are given for each of the example.
• Packaging weight (in grams per package)
• Material efficiency (in grams per kilogram of packed product)
> This enables comparability between the packaging materials, even if the fill sizes are
different in individual cases.
> Also in the case studies, only the weight of the container or main packaging material is
taken into consideration. Closures and other ancillary components are not included in
the specified dimensions.
Methodology
8
9. Mainz, May 2023 Material Efficiency of Packaging in Comparison
10. Calculation of Substitution Amount
> In order to show the effects of the substitution of plastic packaging on the amount of
packaging waste, substitution calculations for three case scenarios were carried out.
> In all three scenarios, it was assumed that 10% of the plastic packaging consumption of
private end-user has to be replaced by single-use packaging made of other materials.
Another assumption is that all plastic packaging of private end user will be substituted
equally.
> Calculation was made for the following scenarios:
Methodology
9
Case scenario A Case scenario B Case scenario C
Glass 25% 15% 20%
Paper, carton, cardboard 25% 45% 35%
Ferrous metals 25% 20% 10%
Aluminum 25% 20% 35%
Proportion of substitute materials used to replace
plastic packaging
10. Mainz, May 2023 Material Efficiency of Packaging in Comparison
11. GHG calculation
> To quantify the impact of the substitution of plastic packaging on Climate Change, GHG
calculations for the previously defined case scenarios A to C as well as for the year 2021
(base scenario) were carried out.
> The basis for determining the CO2 equivalents are the estimated quantities and the
respective composition of the packaging consumption of the different scenarios.
> In the underlying life cycle assessment model, all greenhouse gas emissions associated
with the packaging materials studied are accounted for (from ‘cradle-to-grave’).In other
words, it includes the extraction and production of raw materials, converting processes,
transports and the end of life of the regarded packaging materials.
> The datasets used in this study are mainly from life cycle assessment databases or
based on relevant literature.
Methodology
10
11. Mainz, May 2023 Material Efficiency of Packaging in Comparison
GHG calculation - system boundaries
> The following simplified flow charts illustrate the system boundaries considered for the GHG
calculation carried out here:
Raw materials Production Distribution
and use phase
Disposal / recycling
GHG emissions
(in CO2e)
GHG emissions
(in CO2e)
GHG emissions
(in CO2e)
GHG emissions
(in CO2e)
Material/energy input Material/energy input Material/energy input
Material/energy input
T T T
Secondary material
11
12. Mainz, May 2023 Material Efficiency of Packaging in Comparison
Results
12
13. Mainz, May 2023 Material Efficiency of Packaging in Comparison
Tabular Representation of the Results
Results
13
Material efficiency of different packaging materials in comparison
(private end-user consumption)
Glass 572 g/kg packed product
Paper, carton, cardboard 51 g/kg packed product
Plastic 24 g/kg packed product
Ferrous metals 114 g/kg packed product
Aluminium 45 g/kg packed product
All materials 61 g/kg packed product
All materials (without plastic) 116 g/kg packed product
All materials (without plastic and glass) 57 g/kg packed product
14. Mainz, May 2023 Material Efficiency of Packaging in Comparison
Graphic Representation of the Results
Results
14
Material efficiency of different packaging materials in g/kg of packed product
in comparison (private end-user consumption)
572
51
24
114
45
61
116
57
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Glass
Paper, carton, cardboard
Plastic
Ferrous metals
Aluminium
All materials
All materials (without plastic)
All materials (without plastic and glass)
15. Mainz, May 2023 Material Efficiency of Packaging in Comparison
Examples
15
16. Mainz, May 2023 Material Efficiency of Packaging in Comparison
Example 1: Vinegar
16
Fill Size: 1,000 ml Fill Size: 750 ml
Packaging weight (grams): 23.5 Packaging weight (grams): 406.9
Material efficiency (g/l packed product): 23.5 Material efficiency (g/l packed product): 542.5
The glass bottle for 1 liter of vinegar is approximately 23 times heavier than the plastic bottle.
Packaging for Vinegar
Foto Platzhalter Foto Platzhalter
Plastic Packaging Glass Packaging
17. Mainz, May 2023 Material Efficiency of Packaging in Comparison
Example 2: Soft Drink
17
Fill Size: 500 ml Fill Size: 500 ml
Packaging weight (grams): 12.3 Packaging weight (grams): 15.6
Material efficiency (g/l packed product): 24.6 Material efficiency (g/l packed product): 31.2
The aluminium can is about 1.3 times heavier than the PET bottle.
Packaging for Soft Drinks
Foto Platzhalter Foto Platzhalter
Plastic Packaging Aluminium Packaging
18. Mainz, May 2023 Material Efficiency of Packaging in Comparison
Example 3: Spaghetti
18
Fill Size: 500 g Fill Size: 500 g
Packaging weight (grams): 3.6 Packaging weight (grams): 16
Material efficiency (g/kg packed product): 7.1 Material efficiency (g/kg packed product): 32.1
The box made of cardboard for pasta is about five times heavier than the plastic bag.
Packaging for Spaghetti
Foto Platzhalter Foto Platzhalter
Plastic Packaging Carton Packaging
19. Mainz, May 2023 Material Efficiency of Packaging in Comparison
Example 4: Sauerkraut
19
Fill Size: 400 g Fill Size: 400 g
Packaging weight (grams): 8.7 Packaging weight (grams): 48.7
Material efficiency (g/kg packed product): 21.9 Material efficiency (g/kg packed product): 121.8
The tin can is about 6 times heavier tan the plastic stand-up pouch.
Packaging for Sauerkraut
Foto Platzhalter Foto Platzhalter
Plastic Packaging Tinplate Packaging
20. Mainz, May 2023 Material Efficiency of Packaging in Comparison
Example 5: Red Cabbage
20
Fill Size: 400 g Fill Size: 350 g
Packaging weight (grams): 6.8 Packaging weight (grams): 181.6
Material efficiency (g/kg packed product): 17.1 Material efficiency (g/kg packed product): 518.9
The canning jar for one kilogram of red cabbage is around 30 times heavier than the stand-up plastic bag.
Packaging for Red Cabbage
Foto Platzhalter Foto Platzhalter
Plastic Packaging Glass Packaging
21. Mainz, May 2023 Material Efficiency of Packaging in Comparison
Example 6: Chocolate
21
Fill Size: 100 g Fill Size: 100 g
Packaging weight (grams): 1.4 Packaging weight (grams): 9.7
Material efficiency (g/kg packed product): 13.9 Material efficiency (g/kg packed product): 97.0
The folding box from carton is about seven times heavier than the plastic bag.
Packaging for Chocolate
Foto Platzhalter Foto Platzhalter
Plastic Packaging Carton Packaging
22. Mainz, May 2023 Material Efficiency of Packaging in Comparison
Example 7: Chocolate Biscuits with Milk Cream Filling
22
Fill Size: 154 g Fill Size: 176 g
Packaging weight (grams): 1.6 Packaging weight (grams): 25.6
Material efficiency (g/kg packed product): 10.4 Material efficiency (g/kg packed product): 145.6
The folding box from carton is about 14 times heavier than the plastic bag.
Packaging for Chocolate Biscuits
Foto Platzhalter Foto Platzhalter
Plastic Packaging Carton Packaging
23. Mainz, May 2023 Material Efficiency of Packaging in Comparison
Example 8: Cat Food
23
Fill Size: 85 g Fill Size: 85 g
Packaging weight (grams): 2.9 Packaging weight (grams): 8.7
Material efficiency (g/kg packed product): 34.0 Material efficiency (g/kg packed product): 102.6
The aluminium can is approximately three times heavier than the plastic stand-up pouch.
Packaging for Cat Food
Foto Platzhalter Foto Platzhalter
Plastic Packaging Aluminium Packaging
24. Mainz, May 2023 Material Efficiency of Packaging in Comparison
Conclusions with regard to the Prevention
Targets in the Proposal of EU-Packaging
Regulation
24
25. Mainz, May 2023 Material Efficiency of Packaging in Comparison
Prevention targets in the Proposal for EU-Packaging Regulation
EU Packaging Waste Prevention Targets
25
Proposal for EU Packaging and Packaging Waste
Regulation (published on 30.11.2022)
Proposal for Amendments from EU-Parliament or
Proposal from Rapporteur of EU-Parliament
(Ries-Report)
All Packaging Materials
(per capita)
Only Plastic Packaging
(per capita)
by 2030 5 % lower than in 2018 10 % lower than in 2018
by 2035 10 % lower than in 2018 15 % lower than in 2018
by 2040 15 % lower than in 2018 20 % lower than in 2018
26. Mainz, May 2023 Material Efficiency of Packaging in Comparison
Estimated Amount of Substitution
24
Case scenarios differ in the
assumptions regards the
proportion of packaging
materials used to replace
plastic packaging.
Scenario assumption: 10% of
plastic packaging needs to be
replaced
Results: the effects on the
amount of sales packaging
consumed by private end
consumers
The amount of household-generated packaging would increase from 10% to 20% if
10% of plastic packaging had to be replaced by other packaging materials.
Case scenario A Case scenario B Case scenario C
Glass 25% 15% 20%
Paper, carton, cardboard 25% 45% 35%
Ferrous metals 25% 20% 10%
Aluminum 25% 20% 35%
Decrease in plastic -10% -10% -10%
Increase in substitute
materials
+25% +18% +21%
Increase in private end-
user consumption volume
- all materials
+17% +12% +13%
Proportion of substitute materials used to replace
plastic packaging
27. Mainz, May 2023 Material Efficiency of Packaging in Comparison
• The prevention targets specified in Art. 38 of the Proposal for EU-Packaging
Regulation cannot be achieved, if a significant amount of lightweight plastic
packaging is replaced by heavier packaging materials.
• If the market share of plastic packaging is reduced by 10 percentage points by
2030, the total volume of packaging consumption will increase (ceteris paribus).
• The extent to which the volume of packaging consumption increases depends on
the materials with which plastic packaging is replaced.
• The results presented here show: that the amount of household-generated
packaging would increase from 10% to 20% if 10% of plastic packaging had
to be replaced by other packaging materials.
• As a result, there is a pronounced goal conflict between the targets of
“reducing the amount of plastic packaging” and “reducing the amount of
packaging waste”.
Conclusion
27
28. Mainz, May 2023 Material Efficiency of Packaging in Comparison
GHG calculation
28
29. Mainz, May 2023 Material Efficiency of Packaging in Comparison
In the following, greenhouse gas calculations were carried out to investigate the impact of
replacing plastic packaging with other materials on the greenhouse gas potential. The focus is
on the following questions:
• How many greenhouse gas emissions were caused by the volume of packaging consumption
from private end-users in Germany in 2021?
• How does a partial substitution of plastic packaging by other materials affect climate
change results?
In order to answer the questions above, four scenarios were defined and the respective GHG
emissions were determined:
> Base scenario, defined by the volume and the composition of packaging consumption
from private end-users in Germany in 2021
> Case scenario A to C, defined by the assumptions (regarding the volume and the
composition of packaging consumption) made if 10 % of plastic packaging is replaced by
other materials.
GHG calculation – key questions and scenarios
29
30. Mainz, May 2023 Material Efficiency of Packaging in Comparison
0 4.000 8.000 12.000
Base scenario
Case scenario A
Case scenario B
Case scenario C
GHG emissions of packaging consumption
[kt CO2-equivalent]
plastic substitute materials
GHG calculation - results
+ 14.2 % vs. base scenario
+ 10.2 % vs. base scenario
+ 9.9 % vs. base scenario
> How does the partial substitution of plastic packaging by other materials affect climate change
results?
30
31. Mainz, May 2023 Material Efficiency of Packaging in Comparison
• The GHG emissions for the volume of the packaging consumption in the base scenario
amount for 10,751 kt CO2 equivalents.
• With the estimated quantity and composition of packaging consumption in case scenario A,
the GHG emissions increase by 14 % to 12,276 kt CO2 equivalents when compared with the
base scenario.
• Under the assumptions in case scenario B and C, the GHG emissions increase by 10 %
compared to the base scenario (to 11,845 and 11,816 kt CO2 equivalents respectively).
• The results of the GHG calculations show that the greenhouse gas emissions associated with
the packaging consumption would increase between 10 % and 14 % if 10 % of plastic
packaging had to be replaced by other packaging materials. The extent of the increase in
greenhouse gas emissions depends on the materials with which the plastic packaging is
replaced.
• As a result, there is goal conflict between the target of “reducing the amount of plastic
packaging” and the EU targets of “ reducing the net GHG emissions by at least 55 % by 2030
compared to 1990 levels and making the EU the first climate-neutral continent by 2050”.
GHG calculation – findings and conclusion
31
32. Mainz, Mai 2023 Auswirkungen auf den Markt für Wellpappeverpackungen bei einem verpflichtenden MW-Anteil für Transportverpackungen
GVM Gesellschaft für Verpackungs-
marktforschung mbH
Alte Gärtnerei 1
D-55128 Mainz
Fon +49 (0) 6131.33673 0
Fax +49 (0) 6131.33673 50
info@gvmonline.de
www.gvmonline.de