3. MARXISM
• IS AN INTELECTUAL PROCESS WHICH TRIES TO UNIFY SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS AND EMANCIPATOR
SOCIAL MOVEMENTS FOR THE PURPOSE OF REVOLUTIONIZING HUMAN SOCIETY
(ABULENCIA,ET.AL.,2017)
• MOREOVER, CHAPPELOW (2019) DEFINE MARXISM AS A SOCIAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC
PHILOSOPHY NAMED AFTER KARL MARX, WHICH EXAMINE THE EFFECT OF CAPITALISM ON
LABOR, PRODUCTIVITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND ARGUES FOR A WORKER
REVOLUTION TO OVERTURN CAPITALISM IN FAVOR OF COMMUNISM.
4. MARXISM
•MARXISM POSITS THAT THE STRUGGLE BETWEEN SOCIAL
CLASSES, SPECIFICALLY BETWEEN THE BOURGEOISIE, OR
CAPITALISTS, AND THE PLOLETARIAT, OR WORKERS, DEFINES
ECONOMIC RELATIONS IN A CAPITALIST ECONOMY AND WILL
INEVITABLY LEAD TO A REVOLUTIONARY COMMUNISM.
6. BIOGRAPHY
• KARL MARX WAS BORN ON MAY 5 ,1818 IN TRIER, KINGDOM OF PRUSSIA.
• HE WAS THE OLDEST SURVIVING BOY IN A FAMILY OF NINE CHILDREN.
• BOTH OF HIS PARENTS WERE JEWISH, AND DESCENDED FROM ALONG LINE OF RABBIS, BUT HIS FATHER, A
LAWYER, CONVERTED TO LUTHERANISM IN 1816 DUE TO CONTEMPORARY LAWS BARRING JEWS FROM
HIGHER SOCIETY. YOUNG KARL WAS BAPTIZED IN THE SAME CHURCH AT THE AGE OF 6, BUT LATER
BECAME AN ATHEIST.
• HE DIED IN LONDON ON MARCH 14, 1883 DUE TO PLEURISY..
• HE IS BEST KNOWN NOT AS A PHILOSOPHER BUT AS A REVOLUTIONARY, WHOSE WORKS INSPIRED THE
FOUNDATION OF MANY COMMUNIST REGIMES IN THE TWINTIETH HISTORY.
8. EDUCATION AND LIFE
• IN OCTOBER OF 1835, MARX BEGUN STUDYING AT THE UNIVERSITY OF BONN. IT HAD A LIVELY AND
REBELLIOUS CULTURE, AND MARX ADOPTED THE CULTURE THAT CAUSES HIMIMPRISONMENT. AT THE END
OF THE YEAR, MARX’S FATHER INSISTED HE ENROLLED IN THE MORE SERIOUS UNIVERSITY OF BERLIN.
• IN UNIVERSITY OF BERLIN, HE STUDIED LAW AND PHILOSOPHY AND WAS INTRODUCED TO THE
PHILOSOPHY OF G.W.F. HEGEL. MARX WAS NOT INITIALLY HOOKED WITH HEGEL,BUT HE SOON BECAME
INVOLVED WITH THE YOUNG HEGELIANS, A RADICAL GROUP OF STUDENTS WHO CRITICIZED THE
POLITICAL AND RELIGIOUS ESTABLISHMENTS OF THE DAY. HE BECAME MORE POLITICALLY ENTHUSIASTIC
AND HIS RADICALISM INCREASED.
9. EDUCATION AND LIFE
• HE RECEIVED HIS DOCTORATE FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF JENA IN 1841, BUT HIS RADICAL POLITICS PREVENTED
HIM FROM PROCURING A TEACHING POSITION. HE BEGAN TO WORK AS A JOURNALIST, AND IN 1842, HE
BECAME THE EDITOR OF RHEINISCHE ZEITUNG, A LIBERAL NEWSPAPER IN COLOGNE BUT DUE TO ITS CLOSURE,
HE TRANSFERRED TO PARIS
• HE LIVED IN DIFFERENT PLACES SUCH AS PARIS- A PLACE WHERE HE AND HIS FRIEND, FRIEDRICH ENGELS
BEGAN WRITING CRITICISM ON THE DIFFERENT PHILOSOPHY. THE RESULTOF THEIR FIRST COLLABORATION
WAS PUBLISHED IN 1845 AS THE HOLY FAMILY.
• HE WAS EXPELLED FROM FRANCE SO HE DECIDED TO MOVE TO BELGIUM WHERE HE CONTINUE RO WRITE
ANOTHER RADICAL NEWSPAPER, VORWÄRTS!, WHICH HAD STRONG TIES TO AN ORGANIZATION THAT WOULD
LATER BECOME THE COMMUNIST LEAGUE.
10. EDUCATION AND LIFE
• HE TRANFERRED TO BRUSSELS AND WAS INTRODUCED TO SOCIALISM BYMOSES HESS,AND FINALLY
BROKE OFF FROM FROM THE PHILOSOPHY OF RHE YOUNG HEGELIANS COMPLETELY. WHILE THERE,HE
WROTE THE GERMAN IDEOLOGY,IN WHICH HE FIRST DEVELOPED HIS THEORY ON HISTORICAL
MATERIALISM.
• AT THE BEGINNING OF 1846, MARX FOUNDED A COMMUNIST CORRESPONDENCE COMMITTEE IN AN
ATTEMPT TO LINK SOCIALISTS FROM AROUND EUROPE.INSPIRED BY HIS IDEAS, SOCIALISTS IN ENGLAND
HELD A CONFERENCE AND FORMED THE COMMUNIST LEAGUE, AND IN 1847 AT A CEBTRAL COMMITTEE
MEETING IN LONDON, THE ORGANIZATION ASKED MARX AND ENGELS TO WRITE MANIFEST DER
KOMMUNISTISCHEN PARTEI (MANIFESTO OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY).
11. EDUCATION AND LIFE
• THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTO, AS THIS WORK IS COMMONLY KNOWN, WAS PUBLISHED IN 1848, AND SHORTLY
AFTER, IN 1849, MARX WAS EXPELLED FROM BELGIUM. HE WENT TO FRANCE, ANTICIPATING A SOCIALIST
REVOLUTION, BUT WAS DEPORTED FROM THERE AS WELL. PRUSSIA REFUSEDTO DENATURALIZE HIM, SO MARX
MOVED TO LONDON. ALTHOUGH BRITAIN DENIED HIM CITIZENSHIP, HE REMAINED IN LONDON UNTIL HIS DEATH.
• IN LONDON , MARX HELPED FOUND THE GERMAN WORKERS’ EDUCATIONAL SOCIETY, AS WELL AS NEW
HEADQUARTERS FOR THE COMMUNIST LEAGUE. HE CONTINUED TO WORK AS AJOURNALIST, INCLUDING A 10-
YEAR STINT AS A CORRESPONDANT FOR THENEW YORK DAILY TRIBUNE FROM 1852 TO 1862, BUT HE NEVER
EARNED A LIVING WAGE AND WAS LARGELY SUPPORTED BY ENGELS.
12. EDUCATION AND LIFE
•MARX BECAME INCREASINGLY FOCUSED ON CAPITALISM AND ECONOMIC
THEORY, AND IN 1867, HE PUBLISHED THE FIRST VOLUME OFDAS KAPITAL.
THE REST OF HIS LIFE WAS SPENT WRITING AND REVISING MANUSCRIPTS
FOR ADDITIONAL VOLUMES, WHICH HE DID NOT COMPLETE. THE
REMAINJNG TWO VOLUMES WERE ASSEMBLED AND PUBLISHED
POSTHUMOUSLY BY ENGELS.
14. 1. THE GERMAN IDEOLOGY
•IT IS WHERE KARL MARX DECLARES THAT CONSCIOUSNESS DOES NOT
DETERMINE LIFE BUT IT IS LIFE THAT DETERMINES CONSCIOUSNESS.
•IT STATED THAT HUMANS DEFINE THEMSELVES AND THE IDEAS AND
CONCEPTS ABOUT OURSELVES FASHIONED IN EVERYDAY DISCOURSE
IN THE LANGUAGE OF REAL LIFE.
15. 2. THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTO
•IT STATES THAT THE HISTORY OF ALL EXISTING SOCIETIES IN THE HISTORY
OF ALL EXISTING SOCIETIES IN THE HISTORY OF CLASS STRUGGLE.
•IT DECLARES THAT THE CAPITALISTS OR THE BOURGEOISIE HAD
SUCCESSFULLY ENSLAVED THE WORKING CLASS OR THE PLOLETARIAT
THOURGH ECONOMIC POLICIES AND PRODUCTION OF GOODS.
16. THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTO
PROLETARIAT
•CLASS OF SOCIETY WHICH DOES
NOT HAVE OWNERSHIP OF THE
MEANS OF PRODUCTION
BOURGEOISIE
•WEALTHY CLASS THAT RULES
THE SOCIETY
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17. 3. DAS KAPITAL
• BELIEVED THAT HISTORY BECAME THE BASIS FOR THE 20TH CENTURY MARXISM, SOCIALISM AND
COMMUNISM.
• IT STATES THAT AN UNDERSTANDING OF PEOPLE AND THEIR ACTIONS ANDBELIEFS IS DETERMINED BY
ECONOMIC CONDITIONS.
• THIS IS WHERE KARL MARX MAINTAINS THAT AN INTRICATE WEB OF SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS EMERGES
WHEN ANY GROUP OF PEOPLE ENGAGE IN THE PRODUCTION OF GOODS
• IT IS DISCUSSED THAT THE IDEOLOGY OF SOCIETY SUCH AS THE BELIEFS, VALUES AND CULTURE IS
DETERMINED BY THE UPPER CLASS WHEREAS THE RICH BECOMES RICHER WHILE THE POOR BECOMES
POORER.
19. BELIEFS/PRINCIPAL
• HE POSITS THAT THE POWER RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CAPITALISTS AND WORKERS WERE INHERENTLY
EXPLOITATIVE AND WOULD INEVITABLY CREATE CLASS CONFLICT.
• HE BELIEVED THAT THIS CONFLICT WOULD ULTIMATELY LEAD TO A REVOLUTION IN WHICH THE WORKING
CLASS WOULD OVERTHROW THE CAPITALIST CLASS AND SEIZE CONTROL OFTHE ECONOMY.
• HE AGREES THAT DEMOCRACY IS AN INSTRUMEBT OF EXPLOITATION.
• HE BELIEVED THAT THERE IS A NEED TO ELIMINATE SOCIAL CLASSES ANDTHE WAY TO DO THIS IS TO
ELIMINATE PRIVATE PROPERTY.
