Marrying CDNs with Front-End Optimization

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Slide deck from Strangeloop president Joshua Bixby's presentation at the 2012 Content Delivery Summit. Many content owners are already using a content delivery network (CDN) to cache content closer to their visitors, but CDNs don't reduce the number of requests required to render each page, and they have no impact on browser efficiency. Front-end optimization (FEO) picks up where CDNs leave off, transforming the content itself so that it renders as quickly as possible in the browser. In this presentation, attendees will see real-world examples of how leading e-commerce sites have combined CDN and FEO forces to reach new levels of performance for content-rich pages. Get real numbers on how quickly content-rich sites loaded pre-acceleration, then with just a CDN, then with a combined CDN/FEO solution.

Marrying CDNs with Front-End Optimization
for Maximum Acceleration

Joshua Bixby
2012 Content Delivery Summit

Agenda

Why speed matters
Brief history of time saving
Case studies
FEO in the CDN
Key areas of integration
Market growth

© 2012 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 2

Speed = Value
“250ms is close to the magic number now for competitive advantage on the Web.”
Harry Shum, Microsoft

INCREASED REVENUES INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY

 10% increase in revenue
(for every 1s of  2% increase in
improvement) productivity

 12% increase in revenue
(by improving page load  100% increase in
speed from 6s to 1.2s) productivity (when
application sped up by 2.7s)
 5% increase in revenue
(for every 2s of improvement)
 Fewer errors, a faster
 50% more page views for engineering cycle &
fastest visitors enhanced data integrity
(relative to slowest)

 9% more traffic  25% increase in
(for every 400 ms of productivity
improvement)

© 2012 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 3

Brief history of time saving

1993 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 2002 2003 2004 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Infrastructure Delivery Transformation

© 2012 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 4

Delivery vs Transformation
Original Delivery Transformation (FEO)

9.5 seconds 5.7 seconds 2.1 seconds
63 roundtrips 63 roundtrips 9 roundtrips

© 2012 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 5

Case study: FEO in action

© 2012 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 6

Before: Performance summary

© 2012 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 7

Waterfall
First View Repeat View

© 2012 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 8

Before: Performance snapshot

© 2012 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 9

Step 1: Turn on compression and keep alives

~17.8 sec ~10.5 sec

© 2012 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 10

How did we do?
Original

+KA+Comp

Improvement
First View 52% 40% 34%

© 2012 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 11

Step 2: Implement a CDN
Problem: Time to first byte

© 2012 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 12

Before and after

~10.5 sec ~8.3 sec

© 2012 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 13

TTFB savings

Per object TTFB savings
of ~50%

© 2012 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 14

Before and after CDN: Video

http://youtu.be/BR5hO5rL8lE

© 2012 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 15

We can do better

Still too many roundtrips

Still too many bytes

Not fast enough!

© 2012 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 16

Step 3: Adding FEO

Reduce roundtrips
Combine images
Combine JavaScript
Combine CSS
Re-order requests
Reduce payload even more
Minify CSS and JavaScript
Add image compression
Increase concurrency
Add a couple of domains to the mix

© 2012 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 17

How did we do?
+CDN

81

+FEO

11

Improvement
First View 19% 54% 45%

Seconds Gained 0.5 sec 4.6 sec

© 2012 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 18

Before and after: The final, fastest version

http://youtu.be/IPn0T1UacIA

© 2012 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 19

The proof is in the numbers

© 2012 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 20

© 2012 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 21

“There’s no single magic bullet for making pages faster.”

Adding FEO
to CDN/DSA
resulted in
~45% faster
page load
across all
browsers

© 2012 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 22

FEO in the CDN

© 2012 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 23

FEO lineage

Real-time FEO
One page at a time
No offline process

(e.g., Pagespeed, Aptimize)

Real-time FEO with advanced learning
Offline learning engine to enhance the real-time engine
(e.g., Strangeloop, Blaze.io)

© 2012 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 24

FEO in the CDN

© 2012 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 25

FEO in the CDN

© 2012 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 26

Key areas of integration

© 2012 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 27

Measurement

This IS NOT where
your user is. STOP
testing from here!

© 2012 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 28

Mobile

© 2012 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 29

High growth

Rapid adoption 5 of top 10 internet retailers have an automated
FEO strategy and plan to implement it in 2012.

Speed FEO-accelerated sites are 30-50% faster.

200+ top sites have been running automated FEO
Stability
for 2+ years.

CDNs are increasing their MRR with customers
High margin by 40-50% on top of existing acceleration solutions
like DSA.

Rapid innovation Significant innovation in mobile and desktop
acceleration is coming in 2012.

© 2012 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 30

© 2012 Strangeloop Networks
2011 Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 31

Strangeloop VP Technology Hooman Beheshti demonstrates – in real time – the impact of advanced mobile optimization techniques on another unsuspecting website. Over the course of the workshop, witness the mobile optimization life cycle, from start to finish: - Taking the “Before” shot: Choosing a guinea pig site and benchmarking its current performance, focusing on load time, start render time and round trips. - Iterating through core best practices, including: Keep-Alive, Compression, Far Future Expiry, and Use a CDN. - Applying a set of advanced, automated, mobile-specific FEO techniques. - Taking the “After” shot: Analyzing results using different browsers.

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On October 3 at Velocity EU, Strangeloop president Joshua Bixby unveiled the findings from the first study ever conducted of mobile performance over cellular networks. In July and September 2012, Strangeloop conducted an industry first: a mobile performance survey of top ecommerce sites. The "2012 State of Mobile Ecommerce Performance" documents how Strangeloop tested top Alexa-ranked retail sites on a variety of mobile devices to find answers to questions like: - How long does the median site take to load in mobile browsers? - Which sites were fastest? - Do some mobile OS/browsers/devices offer a consistently faster user experience than others? - How much faster are pages served over LTE than over 3G? - How do all of these findings compare to similar research conducted for desktop performance, published in Strangeloop’s annual Page Speed and Website Performance State of the Union reports? The report is available for download at http://www.strangeloopnetworks.com/.

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Slides from Strangeloop president Joshua Bixby's O'Reilly webcast: At Velocity EU in October 2012, Strangeloop president Joshua Bixby will unveil findings from the first comprehensive study ever conducted of mobile performance over 3G networks. In this webcast, Joshua talks about why measuring 3G performance is important, and what kind of evolution we can expect to see from mobile networks, browsers, site development, and performance best practices in 2013.

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Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.

Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software Fuzzing

Aftab Hussain

Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process. In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds. - These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.

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Marrying CDNs with Front-End Optimization

1. Marrying CDNs with Front-End Optimization for Maximum Acceleration Joshua Bixby 2012 Content Delivery Summit

3. Speed = Value “250ms is close to the magic number now for competitive advantage on the Web.” Harry Shum, Microsoft INCREASED REVENUES INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY  10% increase in revenue (for every 1s of  2% increase in improvement) productivity  12% increase in revenue (by improving page load  100% increase in speed from 6s to 1.2s) productivity (when application sped up by 2.7s)  5% increase in revenue (for every 2s of improvement)  Fewer errors, a faster  50% more page views for engineering cycle & fastest visitors enhanced data integrity (relative to slowest)  9% more traffic  25% increase in (for every 400 ms of productivity improvement) © 2012 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 3

4. Brief history of time saving 1993 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 2002 2003 2004 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Infrastructure Delivery Transformation © 2012 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 4

5. Delivery vs Transformation Original Delivery Transformation (FEO) 9.5 seconds 5.7 seconds 2.1 seconds 63 roundtrips 63 roundtrips 9 roundtrips © 2012 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 5

17. Step 3: Adding FEO Reduce roundtrips Combine images Combine JavaScript Combine CSS Re-order requests Reduce payload even more Minify CSS and JavaScript Add image compression Increase concurrency Add a couple of domains to the mix © 2012 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 17

22. “There’s no single magic bullet for making pages faster.” Adding FEO to CDN/DSA resulted in ~45% faster page load across all browsers © 2012 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 22

24. FEO lineage Real-time FEO One page at a time No offline process (e.g., Pagespeed, Aptimize) Real-time FEO with advanced learning Offline learning engine to enhance the real-time engine (e.g., Strangeloop, Blaze.io) © 2012 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 24

30. High growth Rapid adoption 5 of top 10 internet retailers have an automated FEO strategy and plan to implement it in 2012. Speed FEO-accelerated sites are 30-50% faster. 200+ top sites have been running automated FEO Stability for 2+ years. CDNs are increasing their MRR with customers High margin by 40-50% on top of existing acceleration solutions like DSA. Rapid innovation Significant innovation in mobile and desktop acceleration is coming in 2012. © 2012 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 30

Editor's Notes

Organizations that recognize the need to take their website’s performance to the next level need to change their basic assumption about acceleration. This change is not a 180-degree turn, however – it’s an evolutionary change. Delivery-based solutions such as CDNs and network devices still form a solid foundation for a total acceleration solution. Transformation-based solutions complement this foundation.Delivery: “I will deliver what the server gives me as efficiently as possible to the browser.”Transformation: “I will transform what the server gives me, and optimize it for the user’s browser.”
Here we see three waterfall graphs showing how web page objects are delivered from the server to the browser.OriginalThis is an unaccelerated site, with 63 objects making 63 roundtrips between server and browser. The total page load time is 9.5 seconds.DeliveryThis graph shows how a delivery solution – comprised of a content delivery network (CDN) and an application delivery controller (ADC) – shortened these roundtrips by bringing content closer to the user’s browser. There were still 63 roundtrips, but the total page load time was 5.7 seconds.TransformationThis graph shows how Strangeloop worked in conjunction with the CDN and ADC to not just shorten the roundtrips, but reduce the number of roundtrips required – from 63 to just 9. The result: The same page loads in just 2.1 seconds. It is important to remember that 2 seconds is the goal that every site should be aiming for, based on current user expectations. It’s also worth remembering that only one company out of the Fortune 500 actually meets this standard.
We’ll use it to describe where performance pain points are, but that doesn’t mean the page actually has these problems
Despite already using a CDN, AutoAnything knew they could be even faster. The site’s home page took up to 10 seconds to load.Biggest problem was page bloat: too many objects.Strangeloop FEO cut their average page load in half.
Twitter @joshuabixby

Marrying CDNs with Front-End Optimization

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Editor's Notes