The document discusses developments in gas, power, and carbon markets over the past week. UK gas and power prices rose due to lower expected LNG deliveries and nuclear availability in France. Coal prices reached their highest level since 2015 due to China's production cuts. Carbon prices followed gains in coal and oil. The outlook predicts gas and power prices remaining bullish due to tight supply and increasing demand as temperatures fall. An OECD report calls for higher global carbon prices to drive the emissions reductions needed to meet climate targets.
Falling wholesale gas prices in the UK and weaker Brent crude oil prices drove a record month-on-month drop in Ireland's Bord Gáis Energy Index in April. UK gas prices eased back from March highs as supplies increased and demand decreased with warmer weather, while Brent crude fell below $100/barrel due to increased supplies and reduced demand concerns. Irish wholesale electricity prices also declined as the three main cost components - UK gas, carbon, and 'spark' rates - all decreased in April. Looking ahead, oil prices are expected to remain around $100/barrel barring geopolitical events, with OPEC maintaining output, while UK gas prices may rise if summer LNG imports are lower than
The document discusses trends in global energy markets in 2014. It notes that oil prices plummeted towards the end of the year due to oversupply and weakening global economic growth. Natural gas prices also fell to four-year lows in Europe. Carbon prices in the EU rose as allowances were cut, but remain below levels needed to incentivize switching from coal to gas. Global coal prices continued a four-year downtrend due to weaker than expected demand growth.
Poyry-How will Lancashire shale gas impact the GB energy market? - Point of ViewPöyry
Shale gas production in the US is massive, exceeding 200bcm per annum. This has
led to a dramatic drop in gas prices and has returned the US to near self-sufficiency in
natural gas. High volumes of shale gas have even triggered requests for LNG exports.
However, the US picture has not been replicated anywhere in the world. In Europe,
shale gas continues to be hotly debated. Pöyry investigated this for the GB energy
regulator, Ofgem, in 2011 to examine the potential impacts of unconventional gas on
European gas markets. However, much has changed recently that has caused us to revisit
our analysis.
The Bord Gáis Energy Index fell 5% in April due to lower wholesale gas and electricity prices. Gas prices declined with healthy supply and lower demand, though tensions over Ukraine caused occasional price increases. Falling gas and carbon prices contributed to lower wholesale electricity prices in Ireland. Oil prices saw minor changes and remained in a narrow range.
Cruel Summer: Natural Gas Market Expectations for Summer 2017 ReportPointLogicEnergy
Take the Temperature of the Market Today and Forecast
Where It's Headed Tomorrow. Understand key demand drivers in summer 2017, implications for the future, latest projections for Northeast pipeline takeaway capacity, a forward outlook based on supply, production and demand trends, and more!
1) The Bord Gáis Energy Index fell 5% in October due to a 9% plunge in global oil prices from over $115 per barrel in June to $83.78 per barrel in October.
2) Wholesale natural gas prices in the UK increased 4% in October from seasonal higher demand despite record-high stock levels and mild weather so far.
3) The EU emissions trading scheme has failed to adequately incentivize the transition to low-carbon energy sources due to oversupply of carbon credits, keeping prices too low at around €6.59 per tonne of carbon emissions.
The June 2015 Bord Gáis Energy Index fell 3% due to weaker oil prices. Oil prices slumped toward the end of June as economic crisis in Greece weakened the dollar. The oil glut remains with supply exceeding demand by almost 3 million barrels per day. Natural gas prices were marginally weaker. Coal prices recovered slightly but electricity prices fell 9% due to lower demand in summer and a softening in power prices.
Falling wholesale gas prices in the UK and weaker Brent crude oil prices drove a record month-on-month drop in Ireland's Bord Gáis Energy Index in April. UK gas prices eased back from March highs as supplies increased and demand decreased with warmer weather, while Brent crude fell below $100/barrel due to increased supplies and reduced demand concerns. Irish wholesale electricity prices also declined as the three main cost components - UK gas, carbon, and 'spark' rates - all decreased in April. Looking ahead, oil prices are expected to remain around $100/barrel barring geopolitical events, with OPEC maintaining output, while UK gas prices may rise if summer LNG imports are lower than
The document discusses trends in global energy markets in 2014. It notes that oil prices plummeted towards the end of the year due to oversupply and weakening global economic growth. Natural gas prices also fell to four-year lows in Europe. Carbon prices in the EU rose as allowances were cut, but remain below levels needed to incentivize switching from coal to gas. Global coal prices continued a four-year downtrend due to weaker than expected demand growth.
Poyry-How will Lancashire shale gas impact the GB energy market? - Point of ViewPöyry
Shale gas production in the US is massive, exceeding 200bcm per annum. This has
led to a dramatic drop in gas prices and has returned the US to near self-sufficiency in
natural gas. High volumes of shale gas have even triggered requests for LNG exports.
However, the US picture has not been replicated anywhere in the world. In Europe,
shale gas continues to be hotly debated. Pöyry investigated this for the GB energy
regulator, Ofgem, in 2011 to examine the potential impacts of unconventional gas on
European gas markets. However, much has changed recently that has caused us to revisit
our analysis.
The Bord Gáis Energy Index fell 5% in April due to lower wholesale gas and electricity prices. Gas prices declined with healthy supply and lower demand, though tensions over Ukraine caused occasional price increases. Falling gas and carbon prices contributed to lower wholesale electricity prices in Ireland. Oil prices saw minor changes and remained in a narrow range.
Cruel Summer: Natural Gas Market Expectations for Summer 2017 ReportPointLogicEnergy
Take the Temperature of the Market Today and Forecast
Where It's Headed Tomorrow. Understand key demand drivers in summer 2017, implications for the future, latest projections for Northeast pipeline takeaway capacity, a forward outlook based on supply, production and demand trends, and more!
1) The Bord Gáis Energy Index fell 5% in October due to a 9% plunge in global oil prices from over $115 per barrel in June to $83.78 per barrel in October.
2) Wholesale natural gas prices in the UK increased 4% in October from seasonal higher demand despite record-high stock levels and mild weather so far.
3) The EU emissions trading scheme has failed to adequately incentivize the transition to low-carbon energy sources due to oversupply of carbon credits, keeping prices too low at around €6.59 per tonne of carbon emissions.
The June 2015 Bord Gáis Energy Index fell 3% due to weaker oil prices. Oil prices slumped toward the end of June as economic crisis in Greece weakened the dollar. The oil glut remains with supply exceeding demand by almost 3 million barrels per day. Natural gas prices were marginally weaker. Coal prices recovered slightly but electricity prices fell 9% due to lower demand in summer and a softening in power prices.
The July 2015 Bord Gáis Energy Index fell 9% month-over-month due to weaker oil prices driven by abundant global supply. The index level of 98 was the lowest since December 2009. Brent crude oil prices continued to weaken, closing at the lowest price recorded by the index. The UK government announced plans to scrap an exemption to the Climate Change Levy for renewable electricity, contrary to the views of the green energy sector.
Shale Gas - Game Changing Turnaround in Gas MarketsJigyasa Purwar
This document discusses the rise of shale gas production in the United States and its significant impacts. It traces the history of shale gas extraction from the early 19th century through advances in drilling techniques. Shale gas production has grown dramatically in the last decade due to hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling. This has transformed the US from a gas importer to a potential gas exporter. The shale gas boom has depressed domestic gas prices, revived manufacturing, and reduced coal demand while generating economic and geopolitical consequences both positive and negative.
The Bord Gáis Energy Index fell 5% in February due to high wind generation and mild weather which lowered wholesale gas and electricity prices in both Ireland and the UK. Approximately 23% of Ireland's electricity was generated by wind, contributing to a 13% drop in wholesale electricity prices. Mild weather also reduced gas demand and prices fell 10% as storage levels increased. The Ukraine crisis did not initially impact prices but they spiked in early March due to concerns over European gas supplies from Russia through Ukraine.
The Bord Gáis Energy Index was unchanged in May as rising Brent crude oil prices offset falling wholesale gas and electricity prices. Brent crude remained around $110 per barrel due to geopolitical tensions and concerns about spare global oil capacity over the summer. Wholesale gas prices fell to 31⁄2 year lows due to high stock levels and mild winter demand. Electricity prices dropped 4% as gas-fired generation dominates Irish supply. The Euro weakened against the dollar and pound on expectations the ECB will cut rates in June to boost inflation and growth.
The document provides an overview of the North American natural gas market, including natural gas demand, supply, and pricing dynamics. It notes that natural gas demand in the US is driven by economic growth, weather, and relative fuel prices, while domestic supply has leveled off as existing fields mature. With demand and supply tightly balanced, prices have trended upward in recent years. The market is working to increase supply from unconventional resources and new areas, but significant gas resources remain restricted from development.
The Bord Gáis Energy Index fell 3% in September despite rises in wholesale gas, electricity, and coal prices, driven by a 7% drop in Brent crude oil prices due to easing geopolitical tensions over Syria and Iran. UK wholesale gas prices rose 4% in September as utilities replenished depleted storage stocks, while electricity prices increased 5% due to higher gas and carbon prices. Coal prices increased 7% on short-covering and expectations of tighter supply.
The Bord Gáis Energy Index fell 4% in July due to weaker Brent crude oil, gas, and wholesale electricity prices. Geopolitical tensions in Ukraine continued as Russia suspended gas deliveries, while negotiations with Iran over its nuclear program were extended. Global oil supplies remained strong despite conflicts, weighing on prices. The euro weakened against the dollar and pound, partially offsetting declines in wholesale energy prices in euro terms. Wholesale coal prices rose 7% amid concerns that sanctions against Russia could disrupt supplies.
1) The Bord Gáis Energy Index fell 3% in May due to weaker wholesale gas and electricity prices, though the drop was softened by a weakening euro.
2) Brent crude oil prices were unchanged after recovering in previous months, but further gains are uncertain due to the ongoing oil supply glut.
3) Gazprom's profits declined in 2014 due to lower European demand, higher costs, and disputes with Ukraine over gas transit, and the company faces potential EU fines over antitrust issues.
An abridged version of the Annual Energy Outlook that highlights changes in the AEO Reference case projections for key energy topics. The Early Release includes data tables for the Reference case only. The AEO2014 full version will be released early Spring 2014.
While an agreement reached between Ukraine and Russia on gas supplies this winter was hailed by the European Commission, the deal may not solve all issues. Key elements include Ukraine repaying $3.1 billion of its gas debt to Russia in installments by end of year, and Russia providing gas at a reduced price until March. However, not all details are public and sources of payments are unclear. The EU says it will not pay Ukraine's debt, but the Ukrainian central bank and national gas company will pay initially, with EU taxpayers potentially having to pay the bill in the long run. The negotiated price is significantly lower than Russia's initial request, but sustainability of the deal is uncertain beyond this winter.
This report summarizes electricity market trends in Europe in the first quarter of 2017. Cold weather in January increased electricity demand and drove wholesale prices up to their highest level since 2012. Factors like low nuclear availability in France and Germany, as well as low renewable output, increased reliance on natural gas and contributed to high prices. Some countries imposed electricity export restrictions during this period. By March, temperatures rose and wholesale prices fell as nuclear output increased and renewables came back online. Retail electricity prices in Europe's capital cities rose 1.8% on average year-over-year in April 2017.
Gold prices started the week with a huge leap forward on the back of host of supportive factors for gold at the moment. Spot gold edged higher towards $1336/ounce, highest in 42 weeks on Monday in Asia after the
North Korean nuclear test over the weekend. Earlier the weaker than expected nonfarm report on Friday
The Bord Gáis Energy Index fell 1% in October 2013 due to modestly softer wholesale gas and electricity prices in Ireland. While wholesale commodity prices were relatively stable, Brent crude oil prices experienced significant volatility within the month due to geopolitical events affecting supply in Libya. The Index level stood at 143 at the end of October.
The document summarizes Eagle Equity Holdings' Q3 2016 Energy Fund II report. It discusses:
- OPEC's surprise preliminary agreement in September to limit oil production, which boosted oil prices.
- Natural gas prices rising above $3/mmbtu as high summer temperatures decreased storage surplus.
- Looking forward, the OPEC decision should provide a price floor for oil, while natural gas storage glut is gone and prices are expected to rise over the winter.
- Investment opportunities exist in energy equities as commodity prices stabilize, and natural gas specifically due to supply/demand fundamentals and winter weather.
EUROPEAN GAS MARKETS – DO YOU THINK IT WILL BE VIABLE FOR EUROPEAN MARKET TO ...archanasingh388
The document discusses the viability of diversifying the European gas market. It notes that in the first quarter of 2020, European gas consumption decreased 5% while imports from Russia fell 23%. The European Union has been seeking to diversify its gas sources and routes of import in order to increase energy security and reduce reliance on Russia. Options discussed include expanding domestic production, developing the Southern Gas Corridor to bring gas from the Caspian Basin and Eastern Mediterranean, and increasing liquefied natural gas imports from sources like the United States and Qatar.
The document provides a weekly summary of developments in international energy markets. It reports that electricity prices on the Nord Pool system and Czech OTE markets in the first week of September 2021 were 3-4 times higher than in the same period of 2020, which analysts attribute to high natural gas prices and economic recovery in Europe. Ukraine's electricity prices were 40% higher than a year earlier, due to low coal stockpiles at Ukrainian thermal power plants and high natural gas prices putting upward pressure on electricity. The document also lists various renewable energy developments and projects around the world.
The document summarizes recent trends in the wholesale power supply market in the UK. Prices for annual gas, energy, and spark spreads fell significantly from the previous year, driven down by concerns over debt in Eurozone countries and slowing economic growth in the US and China. However, lower energy prices have benefited consumers, with falling prices at petrol pumps and in electricity and gas bills providing some relief for the British economy. Biomass prices have held steady and increased over the past few months. Unusually cold and stormy weather in June drove up gas demand in the UK, with household and small business usage rising while demand from large consumers fell. Future energy prices will depend on developments in the Eurozone crisis and economic conditions in the
Zkušenosti hodnotitele a certifikační autority v oblasti zabezpečovacích systémůVladimír Kampík
Přednáška hodnotitele bezpečnosti a certifikační autority na 7. konferenci ZABEZPEČOVACÍ A TELEKOMUNIKAČNÍ SYSTÉMY NA ŽELEZNICI – AKTUÁLNÍ VÝZVY MODERNÍHO ŘÍZENÍ ŽELEZNIČNÍ DOPRAVY A ZAJIŠTĚNÍ JEJÍ
BEZPEČNOSTI, konané ve dnech 10. – 12. listopadu 2015 v Českých Budějovicích.
This document is a resume for Christopher L. Watkins. It summarizes his education, work experience, skills, and involvement. For education, it lists that he earned a BS in Biological Systems Engineering from the University of Kentucky in 2015 and an accelerated MBA in 2015. For work experience, it highlights his current role providing technical support for Epic Systems and previous internships in production and marketing. It also lists work abroad experience and involvement in student organizations. The resume concludes with a list of certifications, honors, and awards.
The July 2015 Bord Gáis Energy Index fell 9% month-over-month due to weaker oil prices driven by abundant global supply. The index level of 98 was the lowest since December 2009. Brent crude oil prices continued to weaken, closing at the lowest price recorded by the index. The UK government announced plans to scrap an exemption to the Climate Change Levy for renewable electricity, contrary to the views of the green energy sector.
Shale Gas - Game Changing Turnaround in Gas MarketsJigyasa Purwar
This document discusses the rise of shale gas production in the United States and its significant impacts. It traces the history of shale gas extraction from the early 19th century through advances in drilling techniques. Shale gas production has grown dramatically in the last decade due to hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling. This has transformed the US from a gas importer to a potential gas exporter. The shale gas boom has depressed domestic gas prices, revived manufacturing, and reduced coal demand while generating economic and geopolitical consequences both positive and negative.
The Bord Gáis Energy Index fell 5% in February due to high wind generation and mild weather which lowered wholesale gas and electricity prices in both Ireland and the UK. Approximately 23% of Ireland's electricity was generated by wind, contributing to a 13% drop in wholesale electricity prices. Mild weather also reduced gas demand and prices fell 10% as storage levels increased. The Ukraine crisis did not initially impact prices but they spiked in early March due to concerns over European gas supplies from Russia through Ukraine.
The Bord Gáis Energy Index was unchanged in May as rising Brent crude oil prices offset falling wholesale gas and electricity prices. Brent crude remained around $110 per barrel due to geopolitical tensions and concerns about spare global oil capacity over the summer. Wholesale gas prices fell to 31⁄2 year lows due to high stock levels and mild winter demand. Electricity prices dropped 4% as gas-fired generation dominates Irish supply. The Euro weakened against the dollar and pound on expectations the ECB will cut rates in June to boost inflation and growth.
The document provides an overview of the North American natural gas market, including natural gas demand, supply, and pricing dynamics. It notes that natural gas demand in the US is driven by economic growth, weather, and relative fuel prices, while domestic supply has leveled off as existing fields mature. With demand and supply tightly balanced, prices have trended upward in recent years. The market is working to increase supply from unconventional resources and new areas, but significant gas resources remain restricted from development.
The Bord Gáis Energy Index fell 3% in September despite rises in wholesale gas, electricity, and coal prices, driven by a 7% drop in Brent crude oil prices due to easing geopolitical tensions over Syria and Iran. UK wholesale gas prices rose 4% in September as utilities replenished depleted storage stocks, while electricity prices increased 5% due to higher gas and carbon prices. Coal prices increased 7% on short-covering and expectations of tighter supply.
The Bord Gáis Energy Index fell 4% in July due to weaker Brent crude oil, gas, and wholesale electricity prices. Geopolitical tensions in Ukraine continued as Russia suspended gas deliveries, while negotiations with Iran over its nuclear program were extended. Global oil supplies remained strong despite conflicts, weighing on prices. The euro weakened against the dollar and pound, partially offsetting declines in wholesale energy prices in euro terms. Wholesale coal prices rose 7% amid concerns that sanctions against Russia could disrupt supplies.
1) The Bord Gáis Energy Index fell 3% in May due to weaker wholesale gas and electricity prices, though the drop was softened by a weakening euro.
2) Brent crude oil prices were unchanged after recovering in previous months, but further gains are uncertain due to the ongoing oil supply glut.
3) Gazprom's profits declined in 2014 due to lower European demand, higher costs, and disputes with Ukraine over gas transit, and the company faces potential EU fines over antitrust issues.
An abridged version of the Annual Energy Outlook that highlights changes in the AEO Reference case projections for key energy topics. The Early Release includes data tables for the Reference case only. The AEO2014 full version will be released early Spring 2014.
While an agreement reached between Ukraine and Russia on gas supplies this winter was hailed by the European Commission, the deal may not solve all issues. Key elements include Ukraine repaying $3.1 billion of its gas debt to Russia in installments by end of year, and Russia providing gas at a reduced price until March. However, not all details are public and sources of payments are unclear. The EU says it will not pay Ukraine's debt, but the Ukrainian central bank and national gas company will pay initially, with EU taxpayers potentially having to pay the bill in the long run. The negotiated price is significantly lower than Russia's initial request, but sustainability of the deal is uncertain beyond this winter.
This report summarizes electricity market trends in Europe in the first quarter of 2017. Cold weather in January increased electricity demand and drove wholesale prices up to their highest level since 2012. Factors like low nuclear availability in France and Germany, as well as low renewable output, increased reliance on natural gas and contributed to high prices. Some countries imposed electricity export restrictions during this period. By March, temperatures rose and wholesale prices fell as nuclear output increased and renewables came back online. Retail electricity prices in Europe's capital cities rose 1.8% on average year-over-year in April 2017.
Gold prices started the week with a huge leap forward on the back of host of supportive factors for gold at the moment. Spot gold edged higher towards $1336/ounce, highest in 42 weeks on Monday in Asia after the
North Korean nuclear test over the weekend. Earlier the weaker than expected nonfarm report on Friday
The Bord Gáis Energy Index fell 1% in October 2013 due to modestly softer wholesale gas and electricity prices in Ireland. While wholesale commodity prices were relatively stable, Brent crude oil prices experienced significant volatility within the month due to geopolitical events affecting supply in Libya. The Index level stood at 143 at the end of October.
The document summarizes Eagle Equity Holdings' Q3 2016 Energy Fund II report. It discusses:
- OPEC's surprise preliminary agreement in September to limit oil production, which boosted oil prices.
- Natural gas prices rising above $3/mmbtu as high summer temperatures decreased storage surplus.
- Looking forward, the OPEC decision should provide a price floor for oil, while natural gas storage glut is gone and prices are expected to rise over the winter.
- Investment opportunities exist in energy equities as commodity prices stabilize, and natural gas specifically due to supply/demand fundamentals and winter weather.
EUROPEAN GAS MARKETS – DO YOU THINK IT WILL BE VIABLE FOR EUROPEAN MARKET TO ...archanasingh388
The document discusses the viability of diversifying the European gas market. It notes that in the first quarter of 2020, European gas consumption decreased 5% while imports from Russia fell 23%. The European Union has been seeking to diversify its gas sources and routes of import in order to increase energy security and reduce reliance on Russia. Options discussed include expanding domestic production, developing the Southern Gas Corridor to bring gas from the Caspian Basin and Eastern Mediterranean, and increasing liquefied natural gas imports from sources like the United States and Qatar.
The document provides a weekly summary of developments in international energy markets. It reports that electricity prices on the Nord Pool system and Czech OTE markets in the first week of September 2021 were 3-4 times higher than in the same period of 2020, which analysts attribute to high natural gas prices and economic recovery in Europe. Ukraine's electricity prices were 40% higher than a year earlier, due to low coal stockpiles at Ukrainian thermal power plants and high natural gas prices putting upward pressure on electricity. The document also lists various renewable energy developments and projects around the world.
The document summarizes recent trends in the wholesale power supply market in the UK. Prices for annual gas, energy, and spark spreads fell significantly from the previous year, driven down by concerns over debt in Eurozone countries and slowing economic growth in the US and China. However, lower energy prices have benefited consumers, with falling prices at petrol pumps and in electricity and gas bills providing some relief for the British economy. Biomass prices have held steady and increased over the past few months. Unusually cold and stormy weather in June drove up gas demand in the UK, with household and small business usage rising while demand from large consumers fell. Future energy prices will depend on developments in the Eurozone crisis and economic conditions in the
Zkušenosti hodnotitele a certifikační autority v oblasti zabezpečovacích systémůVladimír Kampík
Přednáška hodnotitele bezpečnosti a certifikační autority na 7. konferenci ZABEZPEČOVACÍ A TELEKOMUNIKAČNÍ SYSTÉMY NA ŽELEZNICI – AKTUÁLNÍ VÝZVY MODERNÍHO ŘÍZENÍ ŽELEZNIČNÍ DOPRAVY A ZAJIŠTĚNÍ JEJÍ
BEZPEČNOSTI, konané ve dnech 10. – 12. listopadu 2015 v Českých Budějovicích.
This document is a resume for Christopher L. Watkins. It summarizes his education, work experience, skills, and involvement. For education, it lists that he earned a BS in Biological Systems Engineering from the University of Kentucky in 2015 and an accelerated MBA in 2015. For work experience, it highlights his current role providing technical support for Epic Systems and previous internships in production and marketing. It also lists work abroad experience and involvement in student organizations. The resume concludes with a list of certifications, honors, and awards.
Přednáška z 7. konference ZABEZPEČOVACÍ A TELEKOMUNIKAČNÍ SYSTÉMY NA ŽELEZNICI – AKTUÁLNÍ VÝZVY MODERNÍHO ŘÍZENÍ ŽELEZNIČNÍ DOPRAVY A ZAJIŠTĚNÍ JEJÍ BEZPEČNOSTI ze dnů 10. – 12. listopadu 2015 v Českých Budějovicích
This document discusses building density maps of the local universe using red clump (RC) stars and galaxy distributions from the Dark Energy Survey (DES). It selects RC stars from the CasJobs database and projects their maps using different projections. It subtracts foreground stars using the Galaxia and Trilegal models to map the halo RC star distributions in the north and south. It also builds maps of galaxy distributions at z~1/3 from the DES PhotoZ catalog. The document reviews literature on searches for evidence of a supervoid near the Planck Cold Spot region using different galaxy surveys that have had limited sky coverage to make definitive conclusions.
Un wiki es una página web cuyo contenido puede ser editado por múltiples usuarios, permitiendo editar, eliminar o agregar información de manera rápida. Un blog habitualmente permite que los lectores comenten las publicaciones del autor y establezcan un diálogo. Tanto wikis como blogs ofrecen alojamiento y edición de contenido gratuitos, y permiten la participación de múltiples usuarios para mejorar la información de manera colaborativa.
La nanotecnología involucra la manipulación de la materia a una escala atómica y molecular para crear nuevos materiales y dispositivos. Esto podría conducir a avances en industrias como la medicina, así como una "segunda revolución industrial" en el siglo XXI. Las computadoras cuánticas también podrían lograr avances significativos mediante el uso de qubits que pueden existir en múltiples estados simultáneamente.
The document describes research conducted on mapping the local universe using density maps of celestial objects. It discusses building maps of the galactic halo using red clump stars from SDSS and DES surveys, with foreground subtraction techniques using Galaxia and Trilegal models. It also discusses building maps of galaxy distribution at z~1 using DES photoz catalogs. Map projections, indexing techniques, and Gaussian smoothing are described for analyzing and visualizing the density distributions.
This blog is designed for students aged 9-12 in a private school in Copacabana, Colombia. The main objective is for students to be able to describe the physical appearance of famous people. It will use a learner-centered blended learning methodology with activities on the blog complementing classroom lessons. Activities will include TV show questions, songs, flashcards, matching exercises, printable content and multiple choice to help students learn adjectives and describe famous people's appearances.
EXAMEN ADAPTADO Y NO ADAPTADO TDA-H 3ºESO Proporcionalidad y PorcentajesPaula
Este documento presenta un examen de proporcionalidad y porcentajes para estudiantes de 3er año de secundaria. Contiene 4 preguntas con varios problemas de proporcionalidad directa e inversa que involucran cálculos de porcentajes, tasas, asignaciones semanales y reparto de propinas entre camareros. El examen incluye las respuestas correctas y los pasos de resolución para cada problema.
This document discusses primary and secondary data sources for collecting information. Primary data is originally collected by the researcher, such as through direct observation, interviews, questionnaires, or surveys. Secondary data has already been collected by other agencies and researchers, such as published government reports, research papers, or unpublished records. When deciding on a data collection method, researchers must consider factors like the study objectives, resources, time availability, and required accuracy. Both primary and secondary data have advantages and limitations that researchers should be aware of to appropriately evaluate and utilize the data.
Monthly update on wholesale electricity and gas. Prices recently continued to fall, but beginning of April shows a slight uplift. The slight increase is due to unscheduled maintenance in a Norwegian gas field and slightly lower temperatures forecast in short term. Interesting note on increasing contribution from renewable sources.
The Bord Gáis Energy Index fell 5% in May due to declines in wholesale electricity, oil, coal, and natural gas prices from their record highs earlier in the year. Irish wholesale electricity prices fell 11% as UK gas prices softened and power imports from the UK increased with the new interconnecter cable. Brent crude prices fell slightly to around $100/barrel on expectations that increasing North American shale oil production would weaken global oil markets, while weaker economic data from China also weighed on oil prices. Coal and natural gas prices in Europe also declined from previous months' highs due to mild weather, high inventories, and a weak eurozone economy.
Month-on-month the Bord Gáis Energy Index rose 1% in January due to rising wholesale electricity prices as reduced availability of efficient power plants increased costs despite falling UK gas prices and record wind volumes. UK gas prices fell further in January due to ample supplies and continued mild weather, while the euro weakened against the US dollar and British pound on expectations of interest rate hikes in those economies amid positive economic data.
The Bord Gáis Energy Index rose 4% in October due to higher prices for Brent crude oil, European coal, and wholesale electricity. A weaker euro contributed to higher prices for oil, coal, and gas, which are traded in dollars and pounds. Global gas supplies have expanded significantly in recent years due to new sources like shale gas, coal seam gas, and floating LNG facilities. This has led to a surplus of natural gas and lower wholesale gas prices in many markets like the UK. The oversupply situation could persist for some time as new LNG export capacity continues to come online through 2020.
The Bord Gáis Energy Index increased 3% in March as oil prices rallied over 5% on a currency adjusted basis. Other energy sources showed mixed performance, with UK gas down 1%, European coal down 3% and Irish electricity up 1%. Oil prices rebounded over 10% on expectations that a production freeze agreement between major producers will be reached in April to curb the global oil surplus. However, rebalancing the oil market may take time due to high global inventory levels. The euro strengthened against the US dollar and British pound.
The Bord Gáis Energy Index from June 2013.
The Bord Gáis Energy Index was stable (-1%) in June as falls in the Irish wholesale electricity, UK Day-ahead gas and European coal prices were counteracted by a rising front month Brent crude oil price.
The document summarizes Ireland's Public Service Obligation (PSO) levy, which subsidizes peat, renewables, and security of supply. In 2014/15, the PSO levy raised €335.4 million, and increased households' electricity bills by €71.52. Oil prices have risen recently due to geopolitical factors, while natural gas and electricity prices remain low due to increased liquefied natural gas imports. The euro has strengthened against the British pound ahead of the UK's May elections.
An annual report issued by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission on the state of energy markets in the U.S. In this year's report, FERC says most places across the country have seen a bump up in pipelines over the past 10 years, relieving constrained natural gas transportation. Except for the Marcellus/Utica region. In the northeast, FERC expects the situation of oversupply and not enough pipelines to get resolved in 2019.
The September 2015 Bord Gáis Energy Index fell 6% due to excess global oil supplies weighing on oil prices, with Brent crude falling to its lowest point since March 2009 of $48.37 per barrel. The index stood at 91 in September, a new record low. The document also discusses the Volkswagen emissions scandal casting doubt on the future of diesel engines in Europe. While diesel demand has surged in Europe due to tax policies and fuel efficiency, the scandal uncovered that diesel vehicles were emitting nitrogen oxide at levels seven times the legal limit. Continued low oil prices are driven by a global supply glut as US frackers and OPEC countries like Saudi Arabia and Iraq maintain high production levels.
The Bord Gáis Energy Index for September 2014 saw significant increases in the wholesale prices of Natural Gas (21%) and Electricity (17%). This was mostly offset by a fall in Brent Crude Oil as the Bord Gáis Energy Index rises by 3%.
The document summarizes recent developments in the Irish energy market. It notes that major companies will need to undertake energy audits and that electricity suppliers are obligated to achieve annual energy savings. Energy prices have decreased due to factors like low oil prices, but a rebound is predicted within 18 months. Natural gas prices and storage levels remain low while LNG supply is expected to rise. Irish electricity prices are supported at current levels due to winter demand and non-gas generation. The euro has weakened impacting Irish gas prices. The document provides an overview of services from SmartPower to help businesses procure low cost energy and generate savings.
The document summarizes recent developments in the Irish energy market. It notes that major companies will need to undertake energy audits and that electricity suppliers are now obligated to achieve annual energy savings. Energy prices have decreased due to factors like low oil prices, but a rebound is predicted within 12-18 months. Natural gas prices and storage levels remain low while LNG supplies are expected to rise. Irish electricity prices are supported at current levels due to winter demand and non-gas generation. The value of the euro has decreased against the dollar. SmartPower can help businesses optimize energy use and costs through activities like load scheduling and reviewing contracts.
Modernising the european lignite triangleForum Energii
In a new study, Agora Energiewende and Forum Energii analyse the opportunity for a phase out from lignite and the effects this would have in the power sector in Poland, Czech Republic, and Germany by 2032. The study finds that an accelerated phase out is technically and economically feasible if coordinated among the three countries – provided, lignite is being substituted by renewable energy sources.
- In January 2016, the Bord Gáis Energy Index fell 7% as wholesale prices declined for Brent crude oil (-7%), UK gas (-9%), European coal (-3%), and Irish electricity (-8%).
- Brent oil prices hit 12-year lows of $27.88/barrel in January due to oversupply and the lifting of Iranian sanctions.
- UK natural gas prices averaged 32.02 pence/therm in January, down from 34.16 pence/therm in December, as mild weather and ample supplies weighed on prices.
- Most energy commodity prices recorded losses in January as supply remained high and demand was weak.
- In December 2015, the Bord Gáis Energy Index fell 13% as wholesale prices for Brent crude oil, UK gas, European coal, and Irish electricity all recorded losses. The index stood at another record low of 79.
- Prices continued to decline across the board, with oil falling 19% to close below $38/barrel for the first time in a decade due to oversupply and weak demand. Other fuels like UK gas and European coal also recorded losses.
- The euro strengthened against the US dollar and British pound over the month, exacerbating losses in the energy index which is adjusted for currency movements.
In February 2016, the Bord Gáis Energy Index fell 1% month-over-month. Oil prices rose 3% while UK gas, European coal, and Irish electricity prices declined between 3-10% from the previous month. The report provides an overview of movements in prices for oil, natural gas, coal, and electricity in February and discusses factors influencing these markets such as supply and demand fundamentals as well as geopolitical issues.
LNG Supply System for Nuclear Plant- Cunico CorpCunico Corp
Within 10 years the majority of shipping vessels will run on LNG...a cleaner, alternative fuel source. The newest innovation in LNG carrier engine design, M-type, electronically controlled, gas injection (ME-GI) engines, optimize the capability of slow speed engines by running directly off BOG (removing the need to reliquefy the gas) or utilizing fuel oil, and ME-GI propulsion results in less fuel consumption.
Environmental legislation is currently impacting the marine market segment. Ships were traditionally powered by Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO), which produces high levels of harmful pollutants. LNG is one of the only fuel source able to comply with the environmental legislation.
2. alfaenergy
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Page 2
UK Gas & Power Review
The summer gas season ended last week and with it expiry of the
Winter 2016 and Q4-16 contracts. UK gas and power curves both
traded higher last week as the bulls came out on top for the third week
running. Gas price traded higher on expectations of an increase in
demand from power generators as well as the weak outlook for LNG
deliveries to UK terminals and current low sendout. The power curve
saw strong upside of around 10% after nuclear availability in France
was revised lower with EDF announcing an extension to the current
outages and further testing on numerous other reactors.
CoaltradedatitshighestpricesinceMarch2015.Thegainsweredriven
by China, whose effort to prop up the market by cutting production
has seen coal become the best performing commodity to date in
2016. OPEC finally managed to loosely agree on a production cut of
around 1 million barrels per day. This won’t be finalised until the next
OPEC meeting in November. Prices still rallied by 6%, and Brent now
trades above $50. Carbon followed the bullish sentiment in oil and
coal and the potential increased coal-fired power generation over
the coming months. Sterling is trading at three-month lows against
many currencies after Theresa May announced Article 50 will be
triggered by the end of March 2017.
Written By - Wayne Bryan
Chart Represents - Key power contracts
Chart Represents - Sterling V Dollar & Euro
€ 4.40
€ 4.50
€ 4.60
€ 4.70
€ 4.80
€ 4.90
€ 5.00
€ 5.10
$44
$48
$52
$56
$60
$64
26/09/2016 27/09/2016 28/09/2016 29/09/2016 30/09/2016
Oil $ Coal $ Carbon €
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
26/09/2016 27/09/2016 28/09/2016 29/09/2016 30/09/2016
Price(p/therm)
DA Month Ahead Q-4 W-16 Oct Year
£36
£38
£40
£42
£44
£46
£48
£50
£52
£54
26/09/2016 27/09/2016 28/09/2016 29/09/2016 30/09/2016
Price(£/Mwh)
DA Month Ahead Q-4 W-16 Oct Year
€ 1.14
€ 1.15
€ 1.15
€ 1.16
€ 1.16
€ 1.17
$1.29
$1.30
$1.30
$1.31
$1.31
$1.32
$1.32
26/09/2016 27/09/2016 28/09/2016 29/09/2016 30/09/2016
£ v $ £ v €
Chart Represents - Major Fuels
Chart Represents - Key Gas Contracts
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UK Supply and Demand Dynamics
Demand from industry and the power sector remained fairly stable while domestic demand ticked up by around 15% as temperatures
lowered. Langeled flows were intermittent last week as numerous outages saw gas deliveries range from 11-28mcm. Flows ramped up
Friday ahead of the start of the new gas year, and flows of 50+mcm are expected this week. The BBL line finally delivered some volume
after being dormant for the majority of the summer. Flows are expected daily now we are in winter season. LNG sendout started brightly
but faded due to a lack of ships on the horizon. Weather models predict a warmer than average start to October.
5%
28%
50%
13%
4%
Coal
Nuclear
CCGT
Wind
Other
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
26/09/2016 27/09/2016 28/09/2016 29/09/2016 30/09/2016
Industry Gas for Power Domestic Demand
Chart Represents -
UK power mix
10
11
12
13
14
03/10/2016 05/10/2016 07/10/2016
10-90% 25-75%
Prev EC Monthly Seasonal Norm
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
26/09/2016 27/09/2016 28/09/2016 29/09/2016 30/09/2016
Langeled LNG BBL
Written By - Wayne Bryan
Chart Represents - UK Demand
Chart Represents - UK Imports Chart Represents - Weather outlook
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Page 4
Leading European Gas and Power Markets
Sentiment in the European power market was positively bullish last week.
European forward power prices hit their highest levels in over a year as
news of tightening French nuclear supply spooked buyers. French state-
controlled utility EDF said it would extend testing on 12 nuclear reactors
during their planned outages in the coming months, which is likely to
affect the length of the outage period for some of the reactors. French
nuclear reactors provide 75% of their electricity supply, hence the
upside observed, which resulted in contagion across European energy
markets. Nuclear-dependant Belgium also has issues, and they are only
exacerbating the risk for the coming months. Bullishness in coal and
carbon extended the gains especially with markets expecting more
coal-fired generation and the resultant need for additional Carbon
Permits. European gas also rose with those markets too expecting
an uptick in gas-for-power generation. However, this market is well-
supplied with storage way above the five-year average.
Written By - Wayne Bryan
Chart Represents - Key EU power contracts
Chart Represents - Gas Storage % Chart Represents - French Power Demand & Fuel mix
€12
€13
€13
€14
€14
€15
€15
€16
€16
26/09/2016 27/09/2016 28/09/2016 29/09/2016 30/09/2016
€/Mwh
German Cal-17 TTF Cal-17 German Front Month German DA Dutch Front month Dutch DA
€23
€25
€27
€29
€31
€33
€35
€37
€39
€41
€43
€45
26/09/2016 27/09/2016 28/09/2016 29/09/2016 30/09/2016
€/MWh
German Cal-17 French Cal-17 German Front Month German DA French Front month French DA
44000
544000
1044000
1544000
2044000
2544000
3044000
3544000
4044000
4544000
5044000
25000
1025000
2025000
3025000
4025000
26/09/2016 27/09/2016 28/09/2016 29/09/2016 30/09/2016
GW's
GW's
oil Coal Gas Nuclear Wind Solar Hydro Biomass Exports Demand
72
77
82
87
92
97
26/09/2016 27/09/2016 28/09/2016 29/09/2016 30/09/2016
BEL DEU DK ESP FRA ITA NLD POL UK
Chart Represents - Key EU Gas contracts
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Page 5
The outlook for this week is moderately bullish in both gas and power,
with markets seemingly in risk-off mode as the recent upside has taken
many contracts above 12-month highs and current fundamentals are
not that supportive. Starting with supply, the lack of LNG on the horizon
is unsettling for a market that was expecting a glut of LNG this winter.
September saw a recent high of nine cargoes with expectation of more
in October, but these hopes have been dashed by an earthquake
in South Korea that caused four nuclear plants to be shut for safety
reasons. Maintenance in the US and Qatar coupled with supply issues
from Australia and sustained demand from India have dampened
expectations for the time being. Increased supply from Norway is
welcome and necessary, and deliveries to
the UK are already up 180% from Friday’s
levels to 61mcm. A sustained sendout above
50mcm is needed as is gas from BBL, which
is now flowing after a three-month summer
hiatus. UKCS production is also improving with
some outages ending. All planned outages
should be complete in the next three weeks.
Wind and solar forecasts look promising for
Outlook
the week ahead as does UK nuclear availability which is desirable in
light of the current tightness in the power market in not only the UK
but across Europe. Demand from the residential sector is ramping up,
+15% last week, mornings will be colder and as such heating demand
is forecast to rise by another 10-15% over the coming weeks.
Gas-for-power demand should remain robust. At present, 50% of our
power is and has been generated from gas for the past few months.
Power generated by coal ticked up to 5.5% last week with numerous
gas plants still offline for maintenance. It is a similar case in Europe,
and with coal prices still above $60 a tonne, this is a bullish factor.
UK gas and power products are also more
appealing to continental traders, due to the
demise of the pound, which is now trading
at three-year lows and is expected to remain
under pressure. With oil and coal all trading
in their upper ranges for the year, one could
expect some softening. Increased global oil
production (threat of US shale) and another
addition to the rig count Friday (+7) could see
crude soften a tad.
Written By - Wayne Bryan
“...the lack of LNG
on the horizon
is unsettling for
a market that
was expecting a
glut of LNG this
winter...”
“...mornings will
be colder and
as such heating
demand is
forecast to rise by
another 10-15%
over the coming
weeks. ...”
6. alfaenergy
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Page 6
and provinces already use carbon taxes or emission trading schemes,
but the OECD’s findings are that the cost of carbon is not high enough
to bring about the changes required.
A cap and trade scheme allows the trading of CO2 permits. Polluting
installations have a cap on their emissions levels but can purchase
permits from installations that have surplus emissions. The EU Emissions
Trading System (EU ETS) was the first large trading scheme and an
increasing number of regional schemes are now in operation, including
pilot schemes in seven provinces of China in the lead-up to the launch
of its national scheme due in 2017. However, to date, the EU ETS has
not reflected a meaningful price for carbon because an oversupply
of allowances has kept the price low. The front year is currently trading
at around €5.00/tCO2. The European Commission is seeking to address
the oversupply from 2019.
Many large firms are now using their own internal carbon pricing
structures, outside a regulatory regime, in order to incorporate a
carbon cost to decision-making processes. The pricing can be linked
to the existing or expected future price of carbon and helps to address
regulatory uncertainty. Businesses have often
called for a global carbon price, which would
set a level playing field, as well as long-term
pricing to aid investment decisions.
In the UK, regulatory uncertainty persists in
relation to carbon pricing, as the Brexit vote
raises questions over the UK’s continuing
participation in the EU ETS. An announcement
on the carbon price floor, a UK tax designed to
uplift the low cost of EU allowances, is due in the
Autumn budget this year.
The outcome of the 2015 climate negotiations in Paris is that carbon
pricing is increasingly being put in place across the globe. However, the
report from the OECD is now calling for the price to be at a level that
can bring about the required emissions reductions.
Written By - Nikki Wilson
Carbon Pricing: OECD Calls for Modest Collective Action
A report published by the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-
operation and Development) last week concluded that carbon prices
are not high enough to bring about the emissions reductions required to
keep global warming to less than 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial
levels, as stipulated in the Paris Agreement. However, it concluded that
even modest collective action could bring about significant change.
As a means of measuring the average amount charged per tonne
of carbon, the OECD calculated an “effective carbon rate” (ECR),
comprised of energy taxes, carbon taxes, and the price of tradeable
emissions permits. The average ECR for six economic sectors across 41
countries was calculated to as €14.40/tCO2, significantly below the real
cost of climate change, which is considered to be at least €30/tCO2.
Rates varied across countries and sectors, with the highest occurring in
the transport sector.
Under the polluter pays principle, carbon taxes and charges mean that
the party responsible for producing the pollution is responsible for paying
forthedamagedonetothenaturalenvironment.Thistakesintoaccount
the cost of damage to crops or to property from flooding and rising sea
levels and healthcare costs as a result of heatwaves or drought.
A carbon price provides an economic signal so that the polluter can
decide whether to change their activity and reduce emissions because
it reduces their costs. It also encourages emissions reductions where
they are the cheapest. Approximately 40 countries and over 20 cities
“the report from
the OECD is
now calling for
the price to be
at a level that
can bring about
the required
emissions
reductions.”
7. About alfaenergy
In 1995, a group of like-minded individuals came together with a vision to
form an energy services company that would achieve growth by building
trusted and lasting relationships with its clients.
Their aim was not only to drive their clients energy costs down through
exceptional procurement services and energy management consultancy,
but to constantly add value by mediating between them and the intricate
supply chain in the energy industry.
With 4 international offices, more than 100 employees, and over 4,000 clients,
alfaenergy is now responsible for over £1 billion of annual spend on energy.
In recognition that our vision is being realised, we were named Broker of the
Year at the 2012 and 2014 Energy Awards as well as Consumer Champion at
the 2016 The Energy Live Consultancy Awards.
WE ENCOURAGE YOU TO CALL US TODAY
LET US MAKE A DIFFERENCE
United Kingdom
Alfa Energy LTD
1 Haven Green,
Ealing Broadway,
London, W5 2UU
T: +44 (0) 20 8810 7743
F: +44 (0) 20 8810 8080
F: +44 (0) 20 8043 0039
www.alfaenergygroup.com
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