The document provides an overview of key marketing concepts including the marketing mix, segmentation, targeting, and positioning (STP) model, and the external marketing environment. It defines marketing and discusses the 4Ps of the marketing mix - product, price, place, and promotion. It also explains market segmentation, targeting specific segments, and positioning offerings for different segments. Additionally, it covers the external factors like demographic, economic, sociocultural, technological, political-legal, and competitive environment that affect marketing strategies.
This document provides an overview of product planning and development, the product life cycle, and marketing mix decisions. It discusses the key elements of the marketing mix - product, price, place, and promotion. It describes the stages of the product life cycle as introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. In each stage, different marketing strategies are needed to address challenges and opportunities. The document also discusses factors influencing product mix decisions and various product classification schemes.
This document provides an overview of marketing mix decisions and the product planning and development process. It discusses the key elements of the marketing mix - product, price, place, promotion, packaging and people. For each element, it describes how companies make decisions related to that part of the mix. It also covers product life cycles and new product development. Finally, it discusses the product planning and development process, defining a product and the importance of understanding customer needs when developing new offerings.
Marketing management, nature of marketing, importance of marketing, Evolution of marketing concept, Marketing environment, Micro environment of marketing, macro environment of marketing, Domestic marketing, international marketing, definition of marketing, definition of marketing management, marketing concepts, types of marketing, components of micro environment, components of macro environment, Calicut university MBA
This document provides an overview of key marketing management concepts including definitions of marketing, the marketing management process, the 4Ps of the marketing mix, and marketing orientations like production, selling, and marketing concepts. It also discusses the internal and external environment, needs, wants and demands, and holistic marketing including relationship marketing, integrated marketing, internal marketing, and social responsibility marketing. The marketing environment comprises demographic, economic, technological, political, legal, social, and ecological forces impacting marketing activities.
This document provides an overview of marketing management concepts from the perspective of an instructor. It contains:
1) Definitions of management, market, and marketing. Marketing is defined as planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of goods and services to create exchanges that satisfy objectives.
2) Descriptions of different philosophies companies can take regarding their orientation toward customers, including production, product, and marketing concepts.
3) An outline of the scope of marketing management, which encompasses understanding customer needs, product development, distribution channels, pricing, promotion, and more.
4) Discussions of the internal and external factors that comprise a company's marketing environment, including suppliers, customers,
MBM 6109 Revision Qns and Answers.docx Guiding quaestions and answersahimbisibwelamed
The document discusses industrial and consumer marketing. It begins by defining industrial marketing as marketing products and services to commercial organizations, while consumer marketing targets individuals for personal use.
It then highlights some key similarities and differences between industrial and consumer marketing. Industrial marketing focuses on building long-term relationships and solving complex business needs through customized solutions and rational decision making. Consumer marketing relies more on emotions and impulsive purchases through mass advertising appeals.
The document also provides an example response to an interview question comparing industrial and consumer marketers. It evaluates the statement that "a marketer is a marketer" and outlines how the contexts differ significantly.
The document provides information on industrial and consumer marketing. It begins by defining industrial marketing as marketing products and services to commercial organizations. It discusses the four types of exchanges in industrial marketing: product, information, financial, and social.
It then defines consumer marketing as marketing to individuals for personal use. Consumer markets are divided into food, beverages, transportation, and retail.
The document compares and contrasts industrial and consumer marketing. Key differences include industrial marketing focusing on building long-term relationships while consumer marketing leverages emotions. Industrial products are also discussed and classified into materials/parts, capital items, and supplies/services.
Brief notes are provided on material requirement planning, niche marketing, and buying centers in industrial
An Introduction into Marketing Module 1 SlidesBaluJagadish1
This document provides an introduction to marketing. It defines marketing as meeting needs profitably and discusses how marketing is a basic function of all businesses. Traditionally, small businesses did not prioritize marketing but it is now seen as important as other functions. The document also discusses how marketing has shifted from a product orientation to a customer orientation. It provides definitions of marketing from various sources and discusses the scope of marketing, including what can be marketed and who engages in marketing activities.
This document provides an overview of product planning and development, the product life cycle, and marketing mix decisions. It discusses the key elements of the marketing mix - product, price, place, and promotion. It describes the stages of the product life cycle as introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. In each stage, different marketing strategies are needed to address challenges and opportunities. The document also discusses factors influencing product mix decisions and various product classification schemes.
This document provides an overview of marketing mix decisions and the product planning and development process. It discusses the key elements of the marketing mix - product, price, place, promotion, packaging and people. For each element, it describes how companies make decisions related to that part of the mix. It also covers product life cycles and new product development. Finally, it discusses the product planning and development process, defining a product and the importance of understanding customer needs when developing new offerings.
Marketing management, nature of marketing, importance of marketing, Evolution of marketing concept, Marketing environment, Micro environment of marketing, macro environment of marketing, Domestic marketing, international marketing, definition of marketing, definition of marketing management, marketing concepts, types of marketing, components of micro environment, components of macro environment, Calicut university MBA
This document provides an overview of key marketing management concepts including definitions of marketing, the marketing management process, the 4Ps of the marketing mix, and marketing orientations like production, selling, and marketing concepts. It also discusses the internal and external environment, needs, wants and demands, and holistic marketing including relationship marketing, integrated marketing, internal marketing, and social responsibility marketing. The marketing environment comprises demographic, economic, technological, political, legal, social, and ecological forces impacting marketing activities.
This document provides an overview of marketing management concepts from the perspective of an instructor. It contains:
1) Definitions of management, market, and marketing. Marketing is defined as planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of goods and services to create exchanges that satisfy objectives.
2) Descriptions of different philosophies companies can take regarding their orientation toward customers, including production, product, and marketing concepts.
3) An outline of the scope of marketing management, which encompasses understanding customer needs, product development, distribution channels, pricing, promotion, and more.
4) Discussions of the internal and external factors that comprise a company's marketing environment, including suppliers, customers,
MBM 6109 Revision Qns and Answers.docx Guiding quaestions and answersahimbisibwelamed
The document discusses industrial and consumer marketing. It begins by defining industrial marketing as marketing products and services to commercial organizations, while consumer marketing targets individuals for personal use.
It then highlights some key similarities and differences between industrial and consumer marketing. Industrial marketing focuses on building long-term relationships and solving complex business needs through customized solutions and rational decision making. Consumer marketing relies more on emotions and impulsive purchases through mass advertising appeals.
The document also provides an example response to an interview question comparing industrial and consumer marketers. It evaluates the statement that "a marketer is a marketer" and outlines how the contexts differ significantly.
The document provides information on industrial and consumer marketing. It begins by defining industrial marketing as marketing products and services to commercial organizations. It discusses the four types of exchanges in industrial marketing: product, information, financial, and social.
It then defines consumer marketing as marketing to individuals for personal use. Consumer markets are divided into food, beverages, transportation, and retail.
The document compares and contrasts industrial and consumer marketing. Key differences include industrial marketing focusing on building long-term relationships while consumer marketing leverages emotions. Industrial products are also discussed and classified into materials/parts, capital items, and supplies/services.
Brief notes are provided on material requirement planning, niche marketing, and buying centers in industrial
An Introduction into Marketing Module 1 SlidesBaluJagadish1
This document provides an introduction to marketing. It defines marketing as meeting needs profitably and discusses how marketing is a basic function of all businesses. Traditionally, small businesses did not prioritize marketing but it is now seen as important as other functions. The document also discusses how marketing has shifted from a product orientation to a customer orientation. It provides definitions of marketing from various sources and discusses the scope of marketing, including what can be marketed and who engages in marketing activities.
This document provides an overview of marketing concepts including defining marketing, distinguishing it from selling, and outlining marketing environments. It discusses the microenvironment factors that directly influence marketing like suppliers, customers, and competitors. It also examines the macroenvironment including economic, political/legal, sociocultural, technological, and natural factors. Models for industry and competitive analysis are introduced, including Porter's Five Forces. Consumer buying behavior and factors influencing it both internally and externally are explained. The importance of motivation, ability, and opportunity in consumer behavior is also covered.
The document discusses marketing concepts and the marketing mix. It defines marketing concepts as the philosophies adopted by companies to market their products. It then outlines traditional concepts like the exchange concept versus modern concepts like the marketing concept. The marketing mix is introduced as the combination of product, price, place, and promotion strategies used to satisfy the target market. The roles of each element are defined, along with other factors like packaging, people, and politics. The document provides details on how the marketing mix elements can be blended to meet customer needs.
This document provides an introduction and overview of key marketing concepts including needs, wants and demands, products, exchange and transactions, markets, and different marketing concepts such as production, product, selling, marketing, and societal concepts. It also discusses the importance of marketing and analyzing the internal and external marketing environment, including factors such as economic, demographic, social/cultural, political/legal, and technological environments. Finally, it compares the differences between selling and marketing orientations.
Marketing is an inevitable part of doing both business and non-business. This is emphasized in this presentation. A different focus of this kind is expected to add more value for the enthusiast.
Marketing Practices - The Marketing Environmentnjones002
The document discusses the marketing environment and its influence on marketing decisions. It describes the micro and macro environments. The micro environment includes actors close to the company like customers, competitors, suppliers, and publics. The macro environment consists of larger societal forces like demographic, economic, technological, political, and natural environments. Understanding how these internal and external factors affect marketing is important for developing sound marketing strategies.
Study on the consumer buying behavior for shalimar paintPrateek Gahlot
This document provides an overview of marketing, management, marketing tools, and consumer behavior. It then discusses Shalimar Paints, an Indian paint manufacturing company founded in 1902. The company introduced many firsts in industrial coatings for structures, aircraft, and more. It is now owned by the O.P. Jindal Group and S.S. Jhunjhnuwala Group and aims to be one of India's fastest growing paint companies through its balanced approach to art and science in product development. The board of directors is discussed, including promoter director Girish Jhunjhnuwala who helped expand his family's business.
The document provides definitions of marketing from two experts. It defines marketing as:
1) A social process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and values with others.
2) The analysis, planning, implementation, and control of carefully formulated programs designed to bring about voluntary exchanges of values with target markets for the purpose of achieving organizational objectives. It relies heavily on designing the organization’s offering in terms of the target markets’ needs and desires, and on using effective pricing, communication, and distribution to inform, motivate, and service the markets.
The document provides definitions and explanations of key marketing concepts from various experts and organizations. It discusses marketing management as understanding customer needs, environmental scanning, developing marketing plans and strategies, implementing plans, and setting control mechanisms. Marketing aims to make selling unnecessary by knowing customers so well that products sell themselves. The scope of marketing management includes decisions around distribution, sales promotion, advertising, after-sales service, customer research, products, and pricing.
Marketing management module 2 marketing environment mba 1st sem by babasab pa...Babasab Patil
The document summarizes the key components of a company's marketing environment, including the microenvironment and macroenvironment. The microenvironment includes internal groups like management and suppliers. It also includes external groups like customers, competitors, and publics that directly influence the company. The larger macroenvironment consists of demographic, economic, natural, technological, political, and cultural forces in the broader society that shape opportunities and threats. Marketers must carefully monitor trends in both the microenvironment and macroenvironment to understand shifting conditions.
This chapter discusses integrated marketing communications and promotion planning. It defines key concepts like advertising, public relations, personal selling and sales promotion. It explains that an integrated marketing communications approach coordinates these different promotion tools for maximum impact. The chapter also covers promotion objectives and models, budgeting, legal issues and criticisms of promotion activities.
The document discusses the key concepts of marketing including definitions of marketing, the marketing concept, and the evolution of marketing philosophies over time. It provides definitions of marketing from various organizations and experts. It describes the progression from a production concept focused on mass production to a selling concept focused on persuading customers, to today's customer-centric marketing concept focused on satisfying customer needs. The functions, scope, and importance of marketing are also summarized.
This document defines marketing and discusses its key concepts. Marketing is defined as identifying and meeting needs profitably through exchange and relationships. The scope of marketing has expanded beyond traditional goods and now includes services, ideas, places and more. Fundamental concepts discussed include segmentation, targeting, positioning, the marketing mix of product, place, price and promotion. Modern marketing emphasizes a holistic approach through relationships, integration across departments and a focus on performance, value and customer satisfaction. Successful marketing management requires understanding customers, designing and delivering value, effective communication and sustaining long-term growth.
The document provides an introduction to marketing management and marketing functions. It discusses key concepts in marketing including definitions of marketing, marketing management, and objectives of marketing. It also covers topics such as the marketing mix, marketing philosophies and evolution of marketing concepts, core marketing concepts involving needs, wants and demands, target markets and positioning, offerings and brands, value and satisfaction, marketing channels, supply chain, competition, and the marketing environment. The functions of marketing management are also outlined.
This document provides an overview of key marketing concepts including definitions of marketing, the three levels of marketing (philosophy, strategy, operations), the marketing mix, segmentation, targeting, positioning, branding, and marketing communications. It defines marketing as a process of identifying customer needs and wants and fulfilling them profitably. Segmentation involves dividing the market into distinct groups with common traits. Targeting selects the most attractive segments and positioning determines how the product will be perceived relative to competitors in the target segment's mind. The marketing mix or 4Ps (product, price, place, promotion) are the tactical elements used to satisfy the target market.
Module2 puno geneblazo_targa_lopez_oblena_mostolesALEXISPUNO
The document discusses key concepts in marketing including:
- Marketing is the process of creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings of value for customers.
- The four Ps of marketing are product, price, place, and promotion which make up a company's marketing mix.
- Market research involves determining the viability of new products or services directly with potential customers.
- A marketing culture means employees are involved in marketing the brand and empowered as brand ambassadors.
The document discusses the marketing environment, including the microenvironment and macroenvironment. The microenvironment consists of internal forces like the company, marketing channels, customers, and competitors. The macroenvironment includes external forces like demographic, economic, technological, political, and cultural changes. It provides examples of factors in each area and how they can influence marketing strategies. The macroenvironment in particular is always changing, so companies must monitor trends and respond proactively when possible.
This document provides an overview of key marketing concepts including:
1. Marketing is defined as the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and services.
2. The marketing mix refers to the combination of product, price, place, and promotion used by companies to market their goods and services to target audiences.
3. Marketing has evolved over time from an exchange concept to a societal concept that considers customer, company, and social well-being.
Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational goals. The marketing mix, also known as the 4Ps, refers to product, price, place, and promotion - the key elements of a company's marketing strategy that are under their control. An effective marketing strategy balances these elements to meet the needs of the target market and achieve the company's objectives.
Visit to IHAR-P- institute of plant breedingWPS Office.pptxAmitSharma3227
The student visited several departments and laboratories at the IHAR-PIB institute. They were welcomed by Deputy Director Prof. Michal Kwiatek. Prof. Maja Boczkowska from the National Center For Plant Genetic Resources discussed seed processing. Dr. Jaroslaw przetakiewicz from the Department Of Applied Biology explained the main potato diseases of wart and tumor. Dr. Slawomir Siwa from the GMO Controlling Laboratory introduced genetic modification in maize.
Nutrient_requirement_method for livestock.pptxAmitSharma3227
This document discusses methods for assessing energy and protein requirements in livestock. It describes how maintenance requirements are determined by measuring basal or fasting metabolism rates. Minimum intake levels that prevent weight loss are also used. Energy requirements for growth are estimated using factorial calculations based on tissue formation rates and basal metabolism, or feeding trials. Protein requirements are estimated via nitrogen balance studies, feeding trials, or factorial methods considering maintenance needs, growth deposition, and metabolic losses.
This document provides an overview of marketing concepts including defining marketing, distinguishing it from selling, and outlining marketing environments. It discusses the microenvironment factors that directly influence marketing like suppliers, customers, and competitors. It also examines the macroenvironment including economic, political/legal, sociocultural, technological, and natural factors. Models for industry and competitive analysis are introduced, including Porter's Five Forces. Consumer buying behavior and factors influencing it both internally and externally are explained. The importance of motivation, ability, and opportunity in consumer behavior is also covered.
The document discusses marketing concepts and the marketing mix. It defines marketing concepts as the philosophies adopted by companies to market their products. It then outlines traditional concepts like the exchange concept versus modern concepts like the marketing concept. The marketing mix is introduced as the combination of product, price, place, and promotion strategies used to satisfy the target market. The roles of each element are defined, along with other factors like packaging, people, and politics. The document provides details on how the marketing mix elements can be blended to meet customer needs.
This document provides an introduction and overview of key marketing concepts including needs, wants and demands, products, exchange and transactions, markets, and different marketing concepts such as production, product, selling, marketing, and societal concepts. It also discusses the importance of marketing and analyzing the internal and external marketing environment, including factors such as economic, demographic, social/cultural, political/legal, and technological environments. Finally, it compares the differences between selling and marketing orientations.
Marketing is an inevitable part of doing both business and non-business. This is emphasized in this presentation. A different focus of this kind is expected to add more value for the enthusiast.
Marketing Practices - The Marketing Environmentnjones002
The document discusses the marketing environment and its influence on marketing decisions. It describes the micro and macro environments. The micro environment includes actors close to the company like customers, competitors, suppliers, and publics. The macro environment consists of larger societal forces like demographic, economic, technological, political, and natural environments. Understanding how these internal and external factors affect marketing is important for developing sound marketing strategies.
Study on the consumer buying behavior for shalimar paintPrateek Gahlot
This document provides an overview of marketing, management, marketing tools, and consumer behavior. It then discusses Shalimar Paints, an Indian paint manufacturing company founded in 1902. The company introduced many firsts in industrial coatings for structures, aircraft, and more. It is now owned by the O.P. Jindal Group and S.S. Jhunjhnuwala Group and aims to be one of India's fastest growing paint companies through its balanced approach to art and science in product development. The board of directors is discussed, including promoter director Girish Jhunjhnuwala who helped expand his family's business.
The document provides definitions of marketing from two experts. It defines marketing as:
1) A social process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and values with others.
2) The analysis, planning, implementation, and control of carefully formulated programs designed to bring about voluntary exchanges of values with target markets for the purpose of achieving organizational objectives. It relies heavily on designing the organization’s offering in terms of the target markets’ needs and desires, and on using effective pricing, communication, and distribution to inform, motivate, and service the markets.
The document provides definitions and explanations of key marketing concepts from various experts and organizations. It discusses marketing management as understanding customer needs, environmental scanning, developing marketing plans and strategies, implementing plans, and setting control mechanisms. Marketing aims to make selling unnecessary by knowing customers so well that products sell themselves. The scope of marketing management includes decisions around distribution, sales promotion, advertising, after-sales service, customer research, products, and pricing.
Marketing management module 2 marketing environment mba 1st sem by babasab pa...Babasab Patil
The document summarizes the key components of a company's marketing environment, including the microenvironment and macroenvironment. The microenvironment includes internal groups like management and suppliers. It also includes external groups like customers, competitors, and publics that directly influence the company. The larger macroenvironment consists of demographic, economic, natural, technological, political, and cultural forces in the broader society that shape opportunities and threats. Marketers must carefully monitor trends in both the microenvironment and macroenvironment to understand shifting conditions.
This chapter discusses integrated marketing communications and promotion planning. It defines key concepts like advertising, public relations, personal selling and sales promotion. It explains that an integrated marketing communications approach coordinates these different promotion tools for maximum impact. The chapter also covers promotion objectives and models, budgeting, legal issues and criticisms of promotion activities.
The document discusses the key concepts of marketing including definitions of marketing, the marketing concept, and the evolution of marketing philosophies over time. It provides definitions of marketing from various organizations and experts. It describes the progression from a production concept focused on mass production to a selling concept focused on persuading customers, to today's customer-centric marketing concept focused on satisfying customer needs. The functions, scope, and importance of marketing are also summarized.
This document defines marketing and discusses its key concepts. Marketing is defined as identifying and meeting needs profitably through exchange and relationships. The scope of marketing has expanded beyond traditional goods and now includes services, ideas, places and more. Fundamental concepts discussed include segmentation, targeting, positioning, the marketing mix of product, place, price and promotion. Modern marketing emphasizes a holistic approach through relationships, integration across departments and a focus on performance, value and customer satisfaction. Successful marketing management requires understanding customers, designing and delivering value, effective communication and sustaining long-term growth.
The document provides an introduction to marketing management and marketing functions. It discusses key concepts in marketing including definitions of marketing, marketing management, and objectives of marketing. It also covers topics such as the marketing mix, marketing philosophies and evolution of marketing concepts, core marketing concepts involving needs, wants and demands, target markets and positioning, offerings and brands, value and satisfaction, marketing channels, supply chain, competition, and the marketing environment. The functions of marketing management are also outlined.
This document provides an overview of key marketing concepts including definitions of marketing, the three levels of marketing (philosophy, strategy, operations), the marketing mix, segmentation, targeting, positioning, branding, and marketing communications. It defines marketing as a process of identifying customer needs and wants and fulfilling them profitably. Segmentation involves dividing the market into distinct groups with common traits. Targeting selects the most attractive segments and positioning determines how the product will be perceived relative to competitors in the target segment's mind. The marketing mix or 4Ps (product, price, place, promotion) are the tactical elements used to satisfy the target market.
Module2 puno geneblazo_targa_lopez_oblena_mostolesALEXISPUNO
The document discusses key concepts in marketing including:
- Marketing is the process of creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings of value for customers.
- The four Ps of marketing are product, price, place, and promotion which make up a company's marketing mix.
- Market research involves determining the viability of new products or services directly with potential customers.
- A marketing culture means employees are involved in marketing the brand and empowered as brand ambassadors.
The document discusses the marketing environment, including the microenvironment and macroenvironment. The microenvironment consists of internal forces like the company, marketing channels, customers, and competitors. The macroenvironment includes external forces like demographic, economic, technological, political, and cultural changes. It provides examples of factors in each area and how they can influence marketing strategies. The macroenvironment in particular is always changing, so companies must monitor trends and respond proactively when possible.
This document provides an overview of key marketing concepts including:
1. Marketing is defined as the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and services.
2. The marketing mix refers to the combination of product, price, place, and promotion used by companies to market their goods and services to target audiences.
3. Marketing has evolved over time from an exchange concept to a societal concept that considers customer, company, and social well-being.
Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational goals. The marketing mix, also known as the 4Ps, refers to product, price, place, and promotion - the key elements of a company's marketing strategy that are under their control. An effective marketing strategy balances these elements to meet the needs of the target market and achieve the company's objectives.
Visit to IHAR-P- institute of plant breedingWPS Office.pptxAmitSharma3227
The student visited several departments and laboratories at the IHAR-PIB institute. They were welcomed by Deputy Director Prof. Michal Kwiatek. Prof. Maja Boczkowska from the National Center For Plant Genetic Resources discussed seed processing. Dr. Jaroslaw przetakiewicz from the Department Of Applied Biology explained the main potato diseases of wart and tumor. Dr. Slawomir Siwa from the GMO Controlling Laboratory introduced genetic modification in maize.
Nutrient_requirement_method for livestock.pptxAmitSharma3227
This document discusses methods for assessing energy and protein requirements in livestock. It describes how maintenance requirements are determined by measuring basal or fasting metabolism rates. Minimum intake levels that prevent weight loss are also used. Energy requirements for growth are estimated using factorial calculations based on tissue formation rates and basal metabolism, or feeding trials. Protein requirements are estimated via nitrogen balance studies, feeding trials, or factorial methods considering maintenance needs, growth deposition, and metabolic losses.
Inflammation is a protective reaction to infection or injury characterized by redness, warmth, swelling and pain. It can be caused by mechanical, chemical, physical or infectious factors. The five classical signs of inflammation are redness, swelling, heat, pain, and loss of function. Inflammation is either acute, caused by a severe irritant, or chronic, caused by mild but repeated irritation. Outcomes include resolution, suppuration, gangrene, fibrosis or chronic inflammation. Treatment involves cold/astringent applications for acute inflammation or hot applications to convert chronic to acute inflammation. Counterirritants like rubefacients and blisters may also be used.
Fish silage is produced by preserving fish or fish waste through the addition of acids or lactic acid bacteria. There are two main types: acid silage produced through the addition of inorganic or organic acids like sulfuric acid or formic acid; and biological silage produced through lactic acid fermentation by bacteria like Lactobacillus plantarum. The fish material is minced and acids or bacteria added, then stored to produce the silage. The acids or lactic acid lower the pH and inhibit spoilage during storage. Fish silage can be stored for over a year and used as animal feed.
This document discusses various by-products that can be obtained from fish processing including fish maws, isinglass, pearl essence, fertilizer, beche-de-mer, snail meat, and jellyfish. It provides details on the production processes for each by-product, such as how fish maws and isinglass are extracted from swim bladders and their various uses. The document also outlines methods for processing snail meat, beche-de-mer, and jellyfish for human consumption or other applications.
This document discusses the utilization of various parts of sharks, including their meat, liver, oil, skin, and cartilage. It provides details on the history of using different shark products, methods for processing shark meat and skin, extracting liver oil, and the species of sharks commonly used in India. The key uses highlighted are for meat, liver oil, skin leather, and vitamin A extraction from livers.
Fish oils can be extracted from both lean fish like cod and fatty fish like salmon. There are two main methods for extracting fish body oil - a settling tank system and a centrifuge system. The settling tank system involves heating press liquor in a series of tanks to separate out the oil. The centrifuge system uses a heated centrifuge to separate oil and water with less moisture in the final oil. Fish body oils undergo further purification including refining, bleaching, hydrogenation, and deodorization to remove impurities and odors before uses such as in margarines.
Fish is a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids like EPA and DHA which have important health benefits. Our bodies cannot produce omega-3s and we must obtain them from our diet. EPA and DHA from fish oil help prevent heart disease and inflammation. They are incorporated into anti-inflammatory compounds called eicosanoids. Concentrates of EPA and DHA are produced using methods like urea complexing to separate them from fish oil.
Fish protein concentrate is produced by processing fish to remove moisture and lipids, concentrating the protein content. There are three main types defined by their protein, moisture, and fat contents. Type A has the lowest fat level below 1% and is produced through solvent extraction. Type B and C have higher fat limits and can be produced through non-defatted processing. Functional properties like solubility and texture need improvement for use as a food additive. FPC provides a nutritious protein supplement but its acceptance has been limited by flavors and properties. It differs from fish meal which is used for animal feed due to potential safety issues for human consumption.
Fish oil is extracted from oily fish tissues and contains omega-3 fatty acids. Major producers are Peru, Chile, and Norway imports the most. Extraction methods include wet and dry rendering, supercritical fluid extraction, and using solvents. Fish oil is purified and stored in oxygen-free environments to prevent oxidation. It has industrial uses and is taken as a nutritional supplement to support heart and brain health. Vitamins A and D are also found in fish oil and support bone, eye, and immune system health.
The document provides information on accounting procedures for fish farming businesses. It discusses recording transactions both within the farm as well as transactions between the farm and the owner's household. It also discusses the preparation of final accounts for the farm business using either the single entry method or double entry method. Key records maintained include a cash book, stock register, fixed asset register, loan register and analytical cost centers to track the performance and costs of different crops/activities. Final accounts determine the profitability of the business by comparing total revenue to total costs.
Changes in fish after death include rigor mortis and autolysis. During rigor mortis, ATP breaks down and actin and myosin bind tightly, making the muscle rigid. Autolysis involves the breakdown of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates by the fish's own enzymes. As ATP depletes, pH decreases due to lactic acid formation. Bacteria then invade the fish, leading to microbial spoilage through the production of biogenic amines, organic acids, and off-flavors. Spoilage is influenced by factors like temperature, oxygen content, and acidity. Both autolysis and microbial actions break down the fish muscle and render it unfit for consumption.
Gregor Mendel conducted breeding experiments with pea plants to develop the laws of inheritance. He found that traits are passed from parents to offspring, with dominant traits masking recessive traits in the first generation. During gamete formation, alleles for each trait separate and assort independently, allowing new combinations in offspring. Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment accurately predicted the ratio of traits in subsequent generations. His work established the foundations of classical genetics.
17.SELECTION METHODS AND BREEDING PLANS.pptAmitSharma3227
This document discusses various selection methods and breeding plans used in aquaculture. It covers the need for genetic variation, design of breeding programs, species transformation through crossbreeding, guidelines for selecting broodfish, and different types of selection programs. The main types of selection programs discussed are individual/mass selection, family selection including between-family and within-family selection, and progeny testing. Methods for selecting for multiple phenotypes like tandem selection, independent culling, and selection indexes are also summarized.
Quarantine and health certification programs are essential to prevent the introduction and spread of diseases in aquaculture. Quarantine involves isolating aquatic animals with no direct or indirect contact with others for a specified period of time to undergo observation, testing, and treatment. It aims to reduce the risk of importing pathogens and transmitting them to susceptible species. Effective quarantine requires adequate facilities, established protocols, trained personnel, and proper infrastructure to carry out containment and diagnosis. Health certification issued by qualified personnel is required for any stock of aquatic animals that are exported or imported and involves collecting large, random samples for screening and pathogen detection, especially during seasons when disease incidence may increase.
This document discusses the origin and formation of soils. It states that soil develops from parent material through the processes of weathering and soil formation. The parent material can be igneous rocks like basalt and granite, sedimentary rocks like shale and limestone, or metamorphic rocks. Weathering breaks down rocks through mechanical and chemical processes like freezing, erosion, hydrolysis, and oxidation. Over time, weathered material accumulates and soil horizons like the A, B, and C horizons develop, forming a soil profile. The type of parent material and environmental factors like climate and organisms influence the properties of the resulting soil.
Pesticides can persist in the environment for long periods and accumulate in living organisms. They are linked to serious health effects in humans and other species. Pesticides enter aquatic environments through various pathways like agricultural use, dumping of waste, and atmospheric deposition. Their fate depends on factors like solubility, adsorption, and bioaccumulation. Pesticides can have ecological impacts like death, reproductive inhibition, immune suppression, and physiological effects in organisms as well as human health impacts through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact. Persistent organic pollutants are resistant to degradation, can undergo long-range transport and bioaccumulation, and have impacts on health and environment.
This document discusses data communication and computer networks. It defines data communication as the electronic transmission of textual, numeric, audio or video data over long distances. Computer networks allow data communication between computers. Different types of networks include local area networks (LANs) connecting computers in close proximity, wide area networks (WANs) connecting multiple LANs over large geographical areas, and metropolitan area networks (MANs) connecting LANs within cities. The largest computer network is the Internet, which connects networks worldwide through gateways. Networks can be organized in different topologies like star, ring or hybrid configurations. Network protocols like TCP/IP establish rules for communication between connected computers. Common network applications involve bulletin boards, information services,
This presentation discusses the causes and types of ocean currents. It begins by defining ocean currents as masses of ocean water that flow from one place to another. The main causes are then outlined as solar heating, wind, gravity, salinity, temperature, the Coriolis effect, and underwater earthquakes. The presentation goes on to describe different types of currents including surface vs deep currents, upwelling vs downwelling currents, and western vs eastern boundary currents. Western boundary currents are faster and move warm water poleward while eastern boundary currents are slower and transport colder water toward the equator.
This document discusses principles of handling fresh fish and sanitation in processing plants, as well as principles of low temperature preservation. It provides details on proper fish handling from capture through transport, including sorting, grading, chilling, and storing fish on ice. Maintaining sanitary conditions when handling fish is important to prevent bacterial growth and spoilage. The document also describes methods of low temperature preservation like icing and refrigerated seawater to preserve quality and extend shelf life of fresh fish. Icing is the most common method used in India and involves alternately layering fish and crushed ice in insulated containers.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
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A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
The chapter Lifelines of National Economy in Class 10 Geography focuses on the various modes of transportation and communication that play a vital role in the economic development of a country. These lifelines are crucial for the movement of goods, services, and people, thereby connecting different regions and promoting economic activities.
3. An Introduction
Today wherever you go everyone is talking about
marketing. Marketing is there in your life for
each second. You are getting marketing
messages every time.
Marketing consists of a number of interrelated
activities and the decision in one area affects the
decision in other areas.
5. What is Marketing
Marketing starts much before the production of
goods and goes ahead/moves after the selling
and distribution of goods also.
Marketing refers to activities a company
undertakes to promote the buying or selling of a
product or service.
It includes advertising, selling, and delivering
products to consumers or other businesses.
6. There are lots of activities included in the marketing.
Few of them are:
Identifying and selecting the type of customer,
understanding their needs and desires;
Designing product or services that suits the
customers' desires;
Persuading customers to buy at the firm's
offerings and
Storing, moving, and displaying goods after they
leave the production site
7. Difference between Sales and Marketing
Basis of Difference Sales Marketing
Definition & Meaning Sales refer to the transfer of ownershi
p from seller to buyer.
Whereas marketing is about understanding the
needs and wants of the customers.
Scope Narrow
(It includes only Selling of the product.
)
Broader
(Whereas marketing includes Advertisement,
Sales, Research, Customer satisfaction, After
sales services etc.)
Skills required Selling skills It required analytical skills
Orientation Focus on Product Focus on Customer
Objective Prompting buyers in such a way that
they turn out as buyers.
Main objective of the marketing is to identify
the needs of customers and create products as
per their requirement to satisfy those needs.
8. Decisions taken by Marketing Manager
There are various types of decision
taken by the marketing manager.
These are related to product, price,
place and promotion.
These are known by........?
9. Marketing Mix
The whole marketing is based on 4 Ps,
commonly known as marketing mix. These
4 Ps are:
Product
Price
Promotion
Place
People
Process
Physical Evidences
10. One of the expert (Robert Lauterborn) has explained Marketing Mix
in the form of 4Cs in the figure:1
11. (a) Product:
It deals with physical attributes of the product and the
benefits associated with the product. The product should
be properly designed, coloured and packed.
(b) Price :
Pricing means fixing monetary value of the product.
While pricing a product, managers consider various
factors such as costs, legal framework, prices charged by
competitors and the prices that consumers are ready to
pay. Managers must price the product to recover the
costs and earn a reasonable return on capital.
12. (c) Promotion :
It refers to firm’s communication with the consumers regarding the
product. It motivates them to buy the goods. Sales can be
encouraged in various ways viz. (i) Advertisement,
(ii) Personal Selling and (iii) Sales Promotion: It includes holding
contests, lotteries etc.
Assorted combinations of sales promotion techniques can be used.
(d) Place :
Place mix identifies the route through which goods are transferred
from sellers to buyers. The seller may sell directly to the buyer or
through intermediation of wholesalers and retailers. More than one
channel of distribution can be adopted at the same time; for example,
a wholesaler can sell through retailers and also directly to
consumers.
13. A glimpse of the activities covered in Marketing Mix showed in the figure 02
14. Marketing environment consist of all those
internal and external forces which affect the
marketing strategies.
Marketing environment as the external factors
and forces that affect a firm’s ability to develop
and maintain successful transactions and
relationship with the target customers.
Philip kotler
Marketing environment
15. External Environment
External Environment consists of two levels viz. Micro
Environment and Macro Environment.
Micro environment consists of the elements or forces
that influence marketing and business activities
directly like suppliers, intermediaries, competitors,
customers, and public.
Macro environment consists of Demographic,
economic, socio-cultural, politico-legal, physical and
technological environment.
16. Demographic Environment
Demographic factor include details about population
structure, age-group, income group, division according to
marital status, occupation and profession.
So, for Agricultural marketing, peoples profession,
occupation, their income level help the organization in
deciding the target group for marketing his product.
17. Economic environment play a significant role in the
marketing system.
Many economic factor such as Interest rate, money
supply, price level, consumer credit availability etc play
very crucial role in marketing of agriculture product.
In our country most of the farmer are marginal holder
and they are also lack in capital. So credit availability
play very important role in agriculture input marketing.
Economic environment
18. Socio-cultural environment determines the value system
of the society which in turn affects the marketing
environment.
Sometimes socio-cultural factor may influence the
adoption of new technology by farmer which in turn will
affect the marketing of new agricultural technology, e.g.
B.T. Technology, piggery is banned in Jain religion.
Socio-cultural environment
19. Most of the agricultural product are marketed under
government prescribed rules and regulation.
Almost every agricultural product’s prices are decided by
the government.
Government subsidy play a very important role in pricing
of fertilizers and other inputs.
Export and import of agriculture produce is up to the
govt. decision.
Political and legal
environment
20. Technological improvement is necessary for increasing
crop yield to fed the whole population of country.
Technological advancement decide the marketing
perspective of an agri-marketing organization.
Technological changes in the agri-sector has great
bearing on marketing of agri-products.
Technological
Environment
22. For production of goods and services, a company need
variety of inputs. The individual or firm supply these
inputs are suppliers.
Suppliers problem can seriously affect the marketing of
agricultural input.
Suppliers
23. Competitors are those individual and firms who sell the
similar goods and services in the market.
It is therefore, necessary to build an efficient marketing
system.
Each firm should consider its own size and industry
position compared to those of its competitors.
Competitors
24. Marketing intermediaries help company to promote, sell
and distribute its product to final buyer.
They include…..
Reseller- Wholesalers and retailers
Physical distribution firm
Marketing services agencies
Financial intermediaries
Intermediaries
25. Customers belong to population who demand and
consume the company’s products and services.
For agriculture input farmers are final consumer.
For agri-product costumers awareness about product,
his income level, holding size etc influence the marketing
of agricultural product.
Customer
26. The internal environment of a firm include controllable
factors or variables such as product design, branding,
packaging, pricing, advertising and distribution policies
of the firm.
Internal Marketing
Environment
28. What is Product-Mix ?
• Set of all product offered for sale by a
company.
• It consist of various product line.
29. Product Line
• A product line is a broad group of products,
intended for essentially similar uses and
possessing reasonable similar physical
characteristics.
30. Product Mix of Hindustan
Unilever Limited
Home & Personal
Care
Beverages
Laundry Skin Care
Hair
Care
Oral Care Tea Coffee
Deodorants
Personal
Wash
Lux
Lifebuoy
Liril
Hamam
Breeze
Dove
Pears
Rexona
Surf excel
Rin
Wheel
Fair &
Lovely
Ponds
Vaseline
Sunsilk
Clinic +
Pepsodent
Close-up
Axe
Rexona
Brooke
Bond
Lipton
Bru
32. Segmentation
Market Segmentation refers to the process of creation of small groups
(segments) within a large market to bring together consumers who have
similar requirements, needs and interests.
In simpler words market segmentation can also be called as Grouping.
Basis of Segmentation:
Demographics which focuses on the characteristics of the customer. For ex.
age, gender, income bracket, education, job and cultural background.
Psychographics which refers to the customer group's lifestyle. For example,
their social class, lifestyle, personality, opinions, and attitudes.
Behaviour which is based on customer behaviour. For example, online
shoppers, shopping centre customers, brand preference and prior purchases.
Geographical location such as continent, country, state, city or rural that the
customer group resides.
33. Targeting/Target your best customers
Once the marketer creates different segments within the
market, he then devises various marketing strategies
and promotional schemes according to the tastes of
the individuals of particular segment. This process is
called targeting.
Example: Companies selling life insurance for people
close to retirement age may target people 50 and over.
34. Positioning/Position your offerings
Positioning is developing a product and brand image in
the minds of consumers.
Means by which goods and services can be differentiated
from others and so give consumers a reason to buy.
What else it includes...
It can also include improving a customer's perception
about the experience they will have if they choose to
purchase your product or service.
35. Example of STP
range of products for both men and
Garnier offers broad
women.
Each of their brands has been targeted well amongst the
specific market segments. (Men, women, teenagers as well as older
generation)
Sunscreen lotions,
Men -
Women - Daily
T
eenagers - Hair
skin care products, hair
colour products, Garnier
Deodorant
care products
Light (Fairness
cream)
Older Generation - Cream to fight signs of ageing, wrinkles
A female would never purchase a sunscreen lotion meant for men
and vice a versa. That’s brand positioning.
36. An another example:
A pastry shop that specializes in custom-made freshly-
baked desserts knows that its target market is mostly
made up of local business owners and private party
planners. Reaching this group can be done via vendor
fairs and event hosting expos.
39. What is Brand ?
“A brand is name, term, sign, symbol, or a combination
of them, intended to identify the goods and services of
one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them
from those of competition.”
40. There are few features of brand:
Brand is Massive asset.
Brand is Promotional Tool.
Brand is Weapon to Protect Market.
Brand is a Means of Identification for Customers.
According to https://brandirectory.com/rankings/india/table
41. Branding
Branding is the exercise of giving a specified name to
a product or group of product of one seller.
The process of finding and fixing the means of
identification is called Branding.
In nut shell, naming product, like a naming a baby, is
known as branding. Thus branding is management
process by which product is named; i.e. branded.
42. Significance/ Importance of Branding
There are lots of advantages of Branding to the
different people viz. producers, middlemen,
customers.
Companies are putting lots of efforts/
strategies to make the brand. Let’s see...
43. How to create a brand name?
1. Differentiated
2. Meaningful
3. Longevity
4. Imagery
5. Trademark-able