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Biofuels Market ‐
Biofuels Market Sweden
October 2009
Executive Summary

                 Energy supplied by biofuels in the Swedish market stood at 120 TWh in 2007 and is forecasted to 
                  rise to 144 TWh in 2030 and 230 TWh in 2050 
   Market        The Swedish bio‐fuels market is dominated by
                   – Ethanol, Biodiesel and Biogas
                            ,                  g

                                    Drivers                                                           Challenges
                 Cost Incentives                                                     Resistance from the Swedish Forestry 
                 Fluctuations in Crude Oil Prices                                     Industry
                 Support for Green Car Owners                                       F d
                                                                                       Food vs. Fuel Issue
                                                                                                F lI
  Drivers & 
                 High Growth in Ethanol Vehicles                                     Hurdles with Biogas Supply 
 Challenges
                 Biofuels Market Being Dominated by Imports

                 Cli t
                  Climate and Energy Policy
                             dE       P li
Government       Biogas Vast Project
 Initiatives     Research and Development Projects
                 Other Policies Towards Developing the Industry
                 The market is highly fragmented and comprises of few large players
                 Large scale imports has led to the growth of a number of small players
Major Players                               Ethanol                 BIodiesel                Biogas
                    Major Players   Lantmannen Agroetanol    Lantmannen Ecobransle    Lackeby Water Group
                                    SEKAB                    Perstorp BioProducts     Malmberg




                                                BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT                                                   2
•Introduction
•Market Overview
•Market Overview
•Drivers & Challenges
•Government Policies and Investments
•Major Players
•Key Developments


         BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT   3
The European Union biofuels market has been growing strongly 
 with Germany and France being the market leaders
 Overview                                                                Biodiesel
 •On 23 January 2008, the EU proposed that the                                ‘000 MT              Germany is 
  overall energy target would stand at                                   10,000                    the largest 
                                                                                                    producer           Production
       20% renewable energy use by 2020                                   8,000
       10% minimum target for the market share of                         6,000
        biofuels by 2020
                                                                           4,000
 •The EU has set a target of incorporating 5.75% 
                      g           p      g                                                                             Imports
                                                                                                                         p
                                                                           2,000
                                                                           2 000
  biofuels in transportation by 2010                                                                                   Exports
                                                                               0
                                                                               2006     2007e   2008e    2009f     2010f

 Segmentation of Usage in Transportation                                 Bioethanol

                     5%                                                       ‘000 MT             France is the 
                                               Biodiesel                   3,000                     largest 
           20%                                                                                      producer           Production
                                               Bioethanol                  2,500
                                               Vegetable Oils
                                               V t bl Oil                  2,000
                                                                           1,500                                       Imports
                                75%                                        1,000
                                                                             500
                                                                                                                       Exports
                                                                               0
NOTE: Biogas accounts for a negligible share                                   2006     2007e   2008e    2009f     2010f


                                                      BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT                                               4
Major European initiatives towards developing the biofuels 
market
1992: CAP allowed for non‐food crops to                         2003: Biofuels Directive ( indicative targets 2% by 2005, 
be grown on set‐aside land without                              5.75% by 2010)
losing the set‐aside premium. The                               Energy Taxation Directive
amount of oilseeds grown on set‐aside                           Revision of Fuel Quality Directive (gasoline norms)
land is controlled by the Blair House                           Revision of diesel norms & Biodiesel quality norms
Agreement.                                                      CAP Reforms (change in energy crop premium)




  1990                       1995                        2000                           2005                       2008


• 1992:                  • 1997:                    • 2000:                      • 2006:                    • 2008: Drafted 
  Introduction 
  Introduction             White paper 
                           White paper                Green paper 
                                                      Green paper                  EU’s Biofuels 
                                                                                   EU’s Biofuels              renewable 
                                                                                                              renewable
  of the                   on renewable               on energy                    Strategy                   energy 
  Common                   energies                   supply                                                  directive 
  Agricultural                                        security
  Policy (CAP)



                   2007: Renewables Roadmap and Revision of Biofuels Directive
                   Revised Fuel Quality Directive – up to 10% ethanol blending; reduction in greenhouse 
                   Revised Fuel Quality Directive up to 10% ethanol blending; reduction in greenhouse
                   gas emission from transport fuel by 1% per year between 2010 and 2020


                                               BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT                                                  5
•Introduction
•Market Overview
•Market Overview
•Drivers & Challenges
•Government Policies and Investments
•Major Players
•Key Developments


         BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT   6
Bioenergy market in Sweden has developed due to major 
government initiatives 
Overview                                                            Bioenergy Share of Total Energy Use
•Bioenergy share has increased by 3% since                                %
 1970                                                               30                                                                   28
•About 90% of bioenergy used in Sweden                                                                     +3%                   24
                                                                                                                  20
 comes from the forestry sector                                     20
                                                                                                     15
•The share of bioenergy derived from the                                        9
                                                                                         11
                                                                    10
 agricultural sector is small at present
 agricultural sector is small at present
   In total, around 2% of Sweden's arable land is                    0
    used solely for energy production                                         1970     1980         1990          2000         2004     2007

Primary Uses of Bioenergy                                           Electricity Consumption Mix
                                                                          TWh
                Applicability of Bioenergy                                                                               1,370
                                                                    1,400
                                                                                                    +7%                               Wind 
                                                                    1,200
                                                                                                                         35%          Hydro
                                                                    1,000
                                                                                                                                      Biomass
                                                                      800                                  704                        Photovoltaic
                                                                                                                         28%
                                                                      600       504           537          25%                        Geo Thermal
                                                                                14%           15%
                                              Heating                 400                                                18%          Others 
 Electricity          Used as Fuel                                              69%           66%
                                                                                                           51%
                                                                      200                                      3%
 Generation                                  Purposes                                                      19% 1%
                                                                                                                         13%
                                                                          0     16% 1%        17% 1%                      4%
                                                                                                                             2%

                                                                                2005      2006            2010e          2020e


                                                 BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT                                                                   7
Biofuels contribution to total energy consumption in Sweden has 
been rising and is expected to grow in the future
Overview                                                          Total Energy Supplied by Biofuels
• The total energy share contributed by biofuels has 
                                                                     TWh
  risen by 32% over 2003‐07                                                                 +3%
                                                                  150
• In absolute terms, energy generated has increased by                                              116    120
                                                                              105    108    109
  3% over the same period
                                                                  100
• The Swedish bio‐fuels market is dominated by
         Ethanol                                                  50
         Bi di l
          Biodiesel
         Biogas                                                    0
                                                                              2003   2004   2005    2006   2007

Biofuel Share of total energy                                     Rise in Energy Supplied by Biofuels 

    %                                                                TWh
                                              4.00                250                                +2%     230
4                            +32%
                                    3.10                          200                +1%
3
                      2.28   2.23                                                            144
                                                                  150         120
2
          1.32                                                    100
1                                                                  50
                                                                                                      0
0                                                                   0
          2003        2004   2005   2006      2007                            2007          2030e           2050e



                                               BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT                                         8
Ethanol is the most widely used biofuel in Sweden, supply is 
largely driven by imports                                                                                                          Ethanol



Overview                                                                Total Supply
•Ethanol is the most common liquid biofuel in                                                              Production
 Sweden                                                                          MT                        Import
                                                                                                             p
                                                                                                                        500
•It accounts for approximately 90% of all liquid                          500                                                      460
                                                                                                                        14%
 biofuel used in 2008                                                     400                            334                       22%
                                                                                          316
                                                                          300             19%            21%
•Largest consumer of bioethanol in the EU 
                                                                          200                                           86%
   80% of total imports mostly from Brazil is
    80% of total imports,  mostly from Brazil, is                                                                                  78%
                                                                                          81%            79%
    consumed in Sweden                                                    100
                                                                             0
                                                                                          2006           2007           2008      2009
Segmentation of Production Base                                         Quantity of Feedstock Used
                                                                                                          Wheat
                                          Cereals                                    MT
         20%                                                                                              Barley                 598,000
                                          Wood
                                                                        600,000                           Rye
                                                                                                                    413,000
                                                                        400,000           320,000        336,000                  79%
                                                                                                                        80%
                                                                        200,000            81%            80%

                       80%                                                                          9%    10% 10%       12% 8%    15% 6%
                                                                                 0          9%
                                                                                           2006           2007          2008      2009


                                                     BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT                                                          9
Biodiesel market in Sweden has shown promising growth due to 
various policies and the availability of feedstock                                                                     Biodiesel



Overview                                                           Total Supply
•Biodiesel can be produced from different                                                       Production
 vegetable oils                                                             MT                    p
                                                                                                Import
                                                                     150                                               140
•In Sweden, biodiesel is mainly produced in the                                               120             120
 form of RME (rape methyl esther) from rape 
                                                                     100
 seed oil                                                                                     58%                      71%
                                                                                      60                      67%
•Since 2006, biodiesel is blended at 5% with 
•Since 2006 biodiesel is blended at 5% with                           50             33%
 fossil diesel in the county                                                         67%      42%             33%      29%
                                                                        0
•Government initiatives has allowed this                                             2006     2007           2008     2009
 segment to grow                                                   Quantity of Feedstock Used
  V i
    Various tax exemption on bio‐diesel
                        i       bi di l
   Extensive plans towards developing new bio‐                                                Rapeseed Oil
                                                                                MT
    diesel plants
                                                                   150,000                                           132,000
   In order to enhance domestic usage, the 
                                                                                                         110,000
    Government plans on implementing a new EU 
    Government plans on implementing a new EU
                                                                   100,000
    biofuel directive which is expected to increase the                                       64,000
    blending level from the existing 5% to 7% by July 
                                                                     50,000          36,000
    1, 2010
                                                                            0
                                                                                      2006     2007           2008    2009



                                                BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT                                                 10
Biogas market in Sweden has grown steadily and is still in a 
nascent stage with major potential                                                                                          Biogas



Overview                                                            Total Supply
•Total biogas potential from domestic residual 
                                                                ‘000 tonnes of oil eq./yr
 products is 10.6 TWh/year 
                                                                        20
   This is equivalent to 12% of the energy                                                                       15            16
    consumption attributable to road transport                          15                                14
                                                                                              11
•Potential for biogas produced from the                                 10         9
 residual products of forest industry is 
          p                         y                                    5
 estimated to be 59 TWh/year
                                                                         0
•Biogas is expected to develop further                                            2003       2004         2005   2006       2007
   Biogas offers the largest reduction in greenhouse 
    gases compared to other biofuels 
    gases compared to other biofuels
                                                                    Potential: Domestic Residual Products
   Gaining large scale acceptance as vehicle fuel that 
    generates the least emissions of greenhouse 
                                                                                       10%
    gases
                                                                                7%                                Agriculture
   Since it is produced from waste and residual 
                                                                                                                  Food Waste
                                                                                                                  Food Waste
    products, it avoids any competition with food                            7%
                                                                                                                  Sewage Sludge
    production
                                                                                                                  Food Industry
•It is expected to be capable of supplying fuel                                                                   and other sectors
 to ~ 20% of the vehicle fleet in Sweden by                                                         76%
 2020


                                                 BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT                                                        11
•Introduction
•Market Overview
•Market Overview
•Drivers & Challenges
•Government Policies and Investments
•Major Players
•Key Developments


         BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT   12
Drivers and Challenges




   Drivers
                                                                 Challenges
   Cost Incentives
   Cost Incentives                                               Resistance from the Swedish Forestry 
                                                                 R i        f     h S di h F
                                                                 Industry
   Fluctuations in Crude Oil Prices
                                                                 Food vs. Fuel Issue

   Support for Green Car Owners
                                                                 Hurdles with Biogas Supply 

   High Growth in Ethanol Vehicles

   Biofuels Market Being Dominated by 
    i f l      k     i      i    db
   Imports




                                         BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT                                    13
Constantly increasing taxes on conventional fuels will boost the 
usage of biofuels
Cost Incentives                                                                                              Impact
• The Swedish taxation policy is creating demand for biofuels
• Two types of taxes are levied on the use of fuels
       Fiscal Taxes: This includes the general tax
       Environmental Taxes: Includes taxes on CO2, SOx and NOx emission
• The taxation level has been constantly increasing in order to propagate the use of biofuels and 
  towards reducing the level of greenhouse gasses emitted
            Conventional Gas                                                             Diesel Oil

USD/liter                                              Energy Tax     USD/liter              +22%
                                                       CO2 Tax                                        0.79
1.5                     +5%                                          0.8
                                                                                  0.65
                                                                                  0 65                0.19
                                  1.01                 VAT
              0.96                                                   0.6          0.17
1.0
              0.43                0.45                               0.4                              0.44
0.5                                                                               0.41
              0.34                0.36                               0.2
              0.19
              0 19                0.20
                                  0 20                                            0.07
                                                                                  0 07                0.16
0.0                                                                  0.0
              2008                2009                                            2008                2009

• All biofuels are tax‐free till 2013. They are exempted from energy tax and carbon dioxide tax 
  thus being a cost effective option for consumers




                                                       BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT                                   14
Feasibility in the usage of biofuels over ordinary fuels is expected 
 to drive the market
 Fluctuations in Crude Oil Prices                                                                                                        Impact
 • Sweden does not produce crude oil and is thus completely dependent on imports for its 
   domestic petroleum needs
                                             Petroleum Consumption 
 USD/barrel
 600
                                                               ‐1%
 400

 200

      0
      1998     1999       2000        2001        2002        2003        2004        2005        2006       2007        2008

 • The petroleum consumption levels have been steadily decreasing due to the recent volatility in 
   prices of crude oil 
     i     f    d il
 • This has acted as a driver for the biofuels market as players are more inclined towards focusing 
   on developing alternative renewable fuel sources 
                                                 Crude Oil Prices 
USD/barrel
150

100
                                                                                                                                 71.69
 50

 0
 Sep‐07 Nov‐07 Dec‐07 Jan‐08 Feb‐08 Jul‐08 Sep‐08 Nov‐08 Dec‐08 Jan‐09 Feb‐09 Mar‐09 Apr‐09 May‐09 Jun‐09 Jul‐09 Aug‐09 Sep‐09



                                                            BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT                                                          15
Support for green car owners will increase the demand for 
vehicles operating on biofuels
Support for Green Car Owners                                                                                           Impact
• Many policies have been adopted towards creating incentives for prospective car buyers to 
  purchase a vehicle which runs on biofuel
• In 2006, a CO2 based vehicle tax was introduced in order to encourage the purchase of energy 
  efficient vehicles, thus reducing emissions in the transport sector
• Based on a legal act in April 2006, large fuel stations are required by law to offer at least one 
  alternate fuel
    The act applies to filling stations with a sales volume of more than 3 000 m³ of petrol or diesel
     The act applies to filling stations with a sales volume of more than 3 000 m³ of petrol or diesel
    This includes ~15% of the total fuel stations amounting to nearly 4 000 filling stations
    A revision in policy is expected in order to encompass 60% of all filling stations to sell a renewable vehicle 
     fuel by 2010
• This was forwarded in order to enhance availability of fuel which will lead to a larger consumer 
  base demanding green cars
• Furthermore, private individuals purchasing a new eco‐friendly car between 1 April 2007 and 31 
  December 2009 are liable to receive a subsidy of USD 1,456.9
    The Government initially earmarked a total of USD 36.4 mn for subsidies, but this was increased in 2008 as 
     the demand for eco‐friendly cars was higher than expected
     the demand for eco friendly cars was higher than expected
• State governments have also taken steps which is expected to develop this industry
    As of August 2007, a permanent congestion charge has been introduced in Stockholm. Green cars are 
     exempt from this charge




                                                          BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT                                          16
Booming market for ethanol vehicles will attract more players to 
this sector
High Growth in Ethanol Vehicles                                                                                     Impact
• Ethanol cars being sold in Sweden has been growing dynamically at 95% over the last decade
• The government has been contributing to this rise through a directive which was passed on 
  February 1, 2009 stating that all cars purchased by the government authorities and 50% of 
  F b      1 2009      i    h    ll          h db h                     h ii       d 50% f
  emergency services have to be environmentally friendly
                                        Number of Ethanol Cars Sold in Sweden

                                                                                                  146,976
                                                     +95%

                                                                                         57,628
                                                                 25,868         35,499
         717      1,926        1,669       1,074     17,232

      2001            2002     2003         2004      2005        2006          2007     2008      2009

                                       Segmentation of Green Cars in the Market

   Biogas Hybrid Gasoline Diesel (emit <120 gm CO2/km)
                          Diesel (emit <120 gm CO2/km)               Ethanol

     4.3       12.9          12.8                                        68.4                               100.0
   1.6

• This acts as a major incentive for fuel manufacturers to develop new facilities producing biofuels
  This acts as a major incentive for fuel manufacturers to develop new facilities producing biofuels 
  and the rise in demand is expected to continue in the future


                                                     BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT                                            17
Large imports of biofuels is expected to lead to players 
producing biofuels domestically at lower costs
Biofuels Market Being Dominated by Imports                                                                              Impact
• A major supply shortage exists in this sector as large fractions of biofuels are imported 
• This provides strong opportunities for domestic players to develop indigenous facilities towards 
  manufacturing biofuels
         f     i bi f l
• This large scale demand will drive growth in domestic production allowing for players to supply 
  at a lower price allowing them to capture a large market share

                Share of Ethanol Imported
                Share of Ethanol Imported                                   Share of Biodiesel Imported
                                                                            Share of Biodiesel Imported


Ethanol Data            2006      2007    2008    2009         Biodiesel Data           2006    2007    2008     2009

Total Supply (MT)
        pp y              316     334      500     460         Total Supply (MT)
                                                                       pp y              60      120     120     140

Import Level (MT)         256     264      430     360         Import Level (MT)         40      50       40      40

Share Imported (%)        81       79      86      78          Share Imported (%)        67      42       33      29



• EU directives on the other hand have boosted interest among Swedish importers of biofuel 
  through their directive passed in April 2009
    It allowed ethanol imported from Brazil for use in E85 (for cars) and ED95 (for buses and trucks) fuels to be 
     categorized as a chemical product for blending with gasoline, thereby exempting the product from the much 
     higher duties that are imposed on imported agricultural products from third countries



                                                         BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT                                            18
Major barriers in the market include the resistance from the 
forest industry and the usage of land to grow energy crops
Resistance from the Swedish Forestry Industry                                                                     Impact
• A large fraction of the raw materials used to generate biofuels is attributed to the expansive 
  forests in Sweden
• There is a high risk of competition for forest land and forest raw materials being used for the 
  energy sector on the one hand and, on the other, the Swedish forest industry which accounts 
  for large export revenues and employment in Sweden’s rural areas
• This clash of interest will act as a challenge to a market with a strong potential for major growth 
  in the future
  in the future



Food vs. Fuel Issue                                                                                               Impact
• In order to generate biofuels, agricultural land is often diverted from the production of food 
  crops to the production of energy crops
• This is a point of contention as more extensive cultivation of energy crops on arable land may 
  lead to a drop in food production
• Furthermore, the forest industry may experience difficult in obtaining forest raw material
• This issue can be addressed by developing more efficient second‐generation biofuels
    Second‐generation technology refers to the production of biofuels on a large scale from wood, grasses, or 
     non‐edible parts of plants




                                                       BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT                                        19
Infrastructural shortcomings leading to the inability to meet 
demand for biogas is a challenge the market faces
Hurdles with Biogas Supply                                                                                         Impact
• Biogas production is unable to meet the constantly increasing demand in Sweden
• Many new filling stations are being developed however, the demand for biogas is still larger 
  than the supply in many regions
• One of the primary reasons hindering players from entering this segment is the uncertainty in 
  long‐term market demand 
• The potential market in Sweden for biogas has not been tapped as it is time‐consuming and 
  costly to build a functioning distribution system
     tl t b ild f ti i di t ib ti               t
    New local and/or regional pipe networks are required to be laid for biogas, since the existing gas grid in 
     Sweden is limited to certain parts of the country 




                                                         BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT                                       20
•Introduction
•Market Overview
•Market Overview
•Drivers & Challenges
•Government Policies and Investments
•Major Players
•Key Developments


         BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT   21
Government Policies and Investments




            Other Policies Towards 
            Developing the Industry               Climate and Energy Policy


                                         Key 
                                      Initiatives

           Research and Development 
                    Projects                           Biogas Vast Project




                              BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT                    22
Government Policies and Investments (1/4)

                                                 Climate and Energy Policy

                                     Targets to be Achieved by 2020 based on EU Directives
                      • 50% of total energy consumption will be via renewable energy
                               f    l                         ll b            bl
                      • Biofuels will account for 10 % of total fuel consumption in the transport sector
                      • In addition, by 2020, the EU is to achieve the goal of improving energy 
                        efficiency by 20% 
                      • 40% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions
                                 d              h
                           Biofuels will play a major role as 30% of national emissions is accounted for by the 
                            transportation sector

                   Initiatives                                                                         Impact
                                                                                                         p
• By July 2010, the government plans on                                      • Major investments in research and 
  enhancing fuel efficiency by adhering to the                                 development projects towards the 
  new EU fuel quality directive which allows for                               development of second‐generation technology 
  a mixture of up to 10% of ethanol and 7% of                                • On June 16, 2009 a Government Bill was
                                                                               On June 16, 2009 a Government Bill was 
  biodiesel                                                                    passed
• Further usage of economic instruments such                                       Target for 2030 – Swedish car fleet to be 
  as carbon dioxide tax                                                             independent of fossil fuels 
• Improvement in the infrastructure for biofuel                                    Target for 2050 – Zero net emissions of greenhouse 
                                                                                    gases into the atmosphere
                                                                                    gases into the atmosphere
  supply


                                                   BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT                                                       23
Government Policies and Investments (2/4)

                                              Biogas Vast Project

                • The government has been taking initiatives towards the development of biofuel projects 
                  through a public‐private partnership model
                  through a public‐private partnership model
                • Biogas Vast is the world’s first regional project for biogas as vehicle fuel 
 Introduction
                • It commenced in 2001
                • Participants in the project include 30 privately and publicly owned companies, organizations, 
                  public authorities and municipal authorities 


                • This  project primarily pursues market development within biogas production, the distribution 
   Purpose        and expansion of gas fuelling stations and the use of gas‐powered vehicles
                • It is also focusing on developing better technology allowing for large scale exports

                • In 2001 
                       There  were 9 gas fuelling stations and ~ 800 biogas vehicles in western Sweden
   Impact       • By 2008
                       The infrastructure in Western Sweden developed more than other regions in the country
                        The infrastructure in Western Sweden developed more than other regions in the country
                       36 gas fuelling stations and ~ 7,000 vehicles and 8 facilities producing biogas for automotive purposes

                • Investment in biogas facilities, the infrastructure, fuelling stations and pipelines have amounted 
                  to ~ USD 97.6 mn
 Investments
                •IInvestment in the development of gas‐powered vehicles – cars, light transport vehicles, buses 
                       t    t i th d l             t f             d hi l             li ht t       t hi l b
                  and trucks stands at ~ USD 262.3 mn – USD 291.3 mn


                                            BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT                                                          24
Government Policies and Investments (3/4)

                                              Research and Development Projects

                     • The government has been constantly promoting the use of biofuels and environment‐friendly cars 
Introduction
                       through large scale investments in R&D projects
                       through large scale investments in R&D projects

                                            Major R&D Initiatives Funded by the Government
          The Swedish Energy Agency pumped in USD 0.5 mn in Taurus Energy’s project towards developing pentose technology in order to 
 2007
          increase the yield of ethanol by 40%
          Total investment aid for the development of renewable energy stood at USD 64.6 mn out of which 37% was accounted for by 
 2007
          biofuel development
          The Swedish Energy Agency invested USD 5.6 mn in the development of ethanol processing at the pilot plant in Ornskoldsvik 
 2008     being carried out by SEKAB. Purpose of the project was to produce ethanol from cellulose, a feedstock that could in the future 
          replace cereal and sugarcane in the production of ethanol thus leading to the growth of second generation biofuels
          replace cereal and sugarcane in the production of ethanol thus leading to the growth of second generation biofuels
          Swedish Government is investing USD 61.2 mn in energy efficiency measures which will be implemented in policies related to 
2008‐10
          environment, forestry, agriculture and energy 
 2009     The government provided support of USD 47.5 mn for green car rebates
 2009     The government plans on investing USD 40 mn to partially finance research into environmentally friendly vehicles
          The government plans on investing USD 40 mn to partially finance research into environmentally friendly vehicles
          The government plans on investing USD 127.5 mn to allow for research and development initiatives to be made available 
          commercially. This is expected to lead to more demonstration plants for second‐generation biofuels and other energy technology.
2009‐11
          An investment of USD 49.3 mn is expected in order to assist the development of energy technology that has not yet been 
          established in the market, such as biogas
2010‐14   A new five‐year support program for more efficient energy use of USD 43.7 mn/yr is expected to be implemented



                                                      BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT                                                          25
Government Policies and Investments (4/4)

                                   Other Policies Towards Developing the Industry

                              Support to production of 
        Transport                                                    Budget Bill 2009                Klimp
                                 biofuel feedstock 
• Plans on raising the        • Enhancing the energy           • Major policies towards    • The Swedish 
  emission standards for        aid, which currently             move away from the          Environmental 
  automotive                    stands at USD 67.5/              dependence on fossil        Protection Agency’s 
  manufacturers at              hectare, available to            fuels                       climate investment 
  highest permissible           farmers producing              • Allocated ~ USD 437 mn      programme
  level                         energy crops under EU            towards supporting        • Aimed at developing  
• Rise in vehicle tax by        regulations                      development measures        production facilities for 
  USD 0.65/gm of carbon       • Initiation of a rural            in the climate and          liquid biogas and the 
  dioxide emitted
  dioxide emitted               development program 
                                development program              energy area over the 
                                                                 energy area over the        development of 
                                                                                             development of
• Replacement of the            for 2007‐2013 which              period 2009–2011            required infrastructure
  cash bonus given to           will be utilized towards       • Proposed plans include    • The programme is 
  green car owners with a       supporting and                   a number of measures        expected to continue 
  long‐term tax                 improving the                    intended to promote         till 2012
  concession                    production and                   the development of        • Cumulative investments 
• Raise energy tax on           processing of                    new energy technology       since its inception in 
  diesel by a total of USD      renewable energy crops                                       2003 is pegged at USD 
  0.06/ liter by 2013                                                                        72.8 mn




                                               BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT                                         26
•Introduction
•Market Overview
•Market Overview
•Drivers & Challenges
•Government Policies and Investments
•Major Players
•Key Developments


         BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT   27
Players in the Market (1/5)

Company Snapshot: Atrax Energi
Corporate Information                                                        Business Highlights
Headquarters        Stockholm                                                • Applied for the USD 127.5 mn that the Swedish 
                                                                               energy authorities are distributing for the 
Founded             1982
                                                                               development of new energy technology
Area of Expertise   Consultants in the field of alternative fuels            • Plans on carrying out a test project towards powering 
Financials          NA                                                         transport vehicles and trucks by a "new" bio‐based 
                                                                               fuels in existing diesel engines, without proper 
                                                                               fuels in existing diesel engines without proper
Key People          NA
                                                                               modifications or optimization 
                                                                             • Monitoring construction of an ethanol plant in Ghent
Company Snapshot:Chemrec
Corporate Information                                                       Business Highlights
Headquarters        Stockholm                                               • Developed a new technology for biofuel generation 
                                                                              using waste from pulp mills 
Founded             1987
                                                                            • Major investors include Vantage Point Venture 
                    Creating biorefineries through black liquor 
Area of Expertise                                                             Partners, Volvo Technology Transfer, Environmental 
                    gasification technology
                                                                              Technologies Fund, Nykomb Synergetics
Financials          NA
                                                                            • Full implementation of the technology in all Swedish 
                    Jonas Rudberg  CEO 
                    Jonas Rudberg – CEO                                       pulp mills is expected to yield  6 mn tons of CO2 
                                                                              pulp mills is expected to yield ~6 mn tons of CO2
Key People
                    Anders Neld – CFO                                         reduction per year or 10 % of current Swedish CO2


                                                         BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT                                             28
Players in the Market (2/5)

Company Snapshot: Lackeby Water Group
Corporate Information                                                        Business Highlights
Headquarters        Lackeby 
                    Lackeby                                                  • Operates in 70 countries worldwide
Founded             1935                                                     • The company has been largely focusing on 
                                                                               international operations as domestic biogas market is 
Area of Expertise   Biogas production                                          at a nascent stage 
Financials          ’08: Revenue – USD 100 mn; 
                    Stefan Lambert – Chairman 
Key People
                    Hjelm, Peter – CEO 


Company Snapshot:Lantmannen Agroetanol 
Corporate Information                                                       Business Highlights
Headquarters        Norrkoping                                              • It is the largest ethanol producer in Sweden
Founded             2001                                                    • It has a yearly capacity of about 160,000 MT of 
                                                                              ethanol
                    Refines grain into bio‐ethanol for the fuel 
Area of Expertise                                                           • In 2008, developed a new ethanol production facility 
                    market
                                                                              in Norrkoping which reached full production capacity 
Financials          NA
                                                                              by January 2009
                    Monika Lekander  MD 
                    Monika Lekander – MD
Key People
                    Ove Hogman – COO 



                                                         BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT                                             29
Players in the Market (3/5) 

Company Snapshot: Lantmannen Ecobransle
Corporate Information                                                     Business Highlights
Headquarters        Karlshamn                                             • Subsidiary of Lantmannen Energy, part of 
                                                                            Lantmannen Group
Founded             NA
                                                                          • Their plant has been running  since 2006 and has a 
Area of Expertise   Manufactures and markets biodiesel                      capacity of producing 100 000 tonnes RME, with at 
Financials          NA                                                      least 50% of the raw material being used 
                                                                            domestically
Key People          NA



Company Snapshot: Malmberg
Corporate Information                                                    Business Highlights
Headquarters        Ahus                                                 • The company has been upgrading biogas plants 
                                                                           across Europe
Founded             1866
                                                                         • Some projects include
Area of Expertise   Renewable energy solutions provider 
                                                                              Lunds Energi’s operations in Sweden
                    ’08: Revenue – USD 42 mn; Profit – USD                    Wetschen, near Hanover; Darmstadt‐Wixhausen; and 
Financials
                    0.45 mn                                                    Kassel in Germany
                    Akamai  President and CEO
                    Akamai – President and CEO                                It has also carried out operations in the field of gas
                                                                               It has also carried out operations in the field of gas 
Key People                                                                     cleaning in Austria
                    Lars Josefsson – CFO   



                                                      BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT                                                       30
Players in the Market (4/5)

Company Snapshot: Nordisk Etanolproduktion 
Corporate Information                                                      Business Highlights
Headquarters        Karlshamn                                              • Production facility located in facilities are in the city 
                                                                             of Karlshamn, located in Blekinge county in south 
Founded             2006
                                                                             Sweden
Area of Expertise   Ethanol and bio‐gas production                         • The company plans on expanding operations towards 
Financials          NA                                                       producing 130,000 m3 annually 
                    Mikael Runeson – President                             • It also plans on producing bio‐gas from this facility 
Key People
                    Jorgen Andersson – Chairman 


Company Snapshot: Opcon
Corporate Information                                                     Business Highlights
Headquarters        Stockholm                                             • Received an order worth USD 5.1 mn for an advanced 
                                                                            bioenergy plant at Skapafors mill, in southwestern 
Founded             1908
                                                                            Sweden for Rexcell Tissue and Airlaid
                                                                            S d f R          ll Ti      d Ai l id
Area of Expertise   Industrial technology company                              Biomass will be used as a fuel instead of oil and electricity. 
                    ’08:Profit – USD 60.9 mn; Profit – USD 15.6                 It will have a 9 MW joint combustion system which will 
Financials                                                                      produce process steam
                    mn
                    Mats Gabrielsson 
                    Mats Gabrielsson ‐ Chairman
Key People
                    Rolf Hasselstrom – President



                                                       BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT                                                         31
Players in the Market (5/5)

Company Snapshot: Perstorp BioProducts 
Corporate Information                                                    Business Highlights
Headquarters        Perstorp                                             • Scandinavia's number one biodiesel producer
Founded             NA                                                   • Plans on setting up filling station for pure RME in 
                                                                           Perstorp is association with Biofuel Express
Area of Expertise   Biodiesel and biogas producer
                                                                         • Developed Verdis Polaris, a new renewable diesel 
Financials          NA                                                     fuel. It is primarily RME of a higher quality
Key People          NA                                                       Conduce even for the northern parts of Sweden which 
                                                                              experiences extremely low temperatures 


Company Snapshot: SEKAB
Corporate Information                                                   Business Highlights
Headquarters        Ornskoldsvik                                        • Ethanol is produced from the by‐products of paper 
                                                                          pulp production by SEKAB in its plant located in 
Founded             1985
                                                                          Ornskoldsvik
                                                                          O k ld ik
                    Bioenergy company focusing on ethanol                    The plant received funding of USD 5 mn from the Swedish 
Area of Expertise
                    production                                                energy authority Energimyndigheten allowing the project 
Financials          ’06: Revenue – USD 276.8 mn                               for producing ethanol from cellulose to continue
                                                                             Produces 300‐400 liters of ethanol/ day 
Key People
Key People          Anders Fredriksson  CEO 
                    Anders Fredriksson – CEO
                                                                        • The company plans on discontinuing its sales of 
                                                                          ethanol fuel E85 (15% gasoline and 85% ethanol)

                                                     BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT                                                    32
•Introduction
•Market Overview
•Market Overview
•Drivers & Challenges
•Government Policies and Investments
•Major Players
•Key Developments


         BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT   33
Key Developments

Date         Development
Sep 2009     The Swedish Energy Agency awarded a grant worth USD 72.8 mn to Chemrec’s facility in Ornskoldsvik. 
             The grant is intended for the production of biofuel from black liquor, a high‐energy, viscous by‐product 
             from the pulp industry.
             f    th     l i d t
Jul 2009     Swedish forestry group Sodra began a 2 year study with rapeseed methyl ester (RME) in six vehicles to 
             assess the effect on the environment, economy and machinery. The trials are expected to be completed 
             in January 2011. 
Jul 2009     Swedish technology firm Mantex, which has developed an automated, continuous method to determine 
             biomass moisture concentration, received funding from German utility RWE.
June 2009    Scania, a Swedish truck and bus manufacturer, supplied 85 ethanol powered buses to Busslink i Sverige. 
             This is the largest single bus order in Sweden since 2004. 
June 2009
J    2009    Vapo, a Finnish peat producer, plans on developing a biodiesel plant in Jonkoping. 
             V       Fi i h          d       l       d l i        bi di l l       i J k i
May 2009     Swebo Bioenergi, which is selling a technique for burning biofuels such as wood chips and firewood,  
             raised USD 2.2 mn in capital in order to expand into new markets. Sustainable Technologies Fund made 
             this large investment
Mar 2009
Mar 2009     Finnish company ST1 is planning to start ethanol production in Sweden. The company operates more than 
             Finnish compan ST1 is planning to start ethanol prod ction in S eden The compan operates more than
             40 automatic pump stations in Sweden.
Feb 2008                                     
                EU approved Sweden’s application to continue to import ethanol from brazil for processing into biofuels 
                at a subsidized rate. The initial plan was revised which called for a 30% increase in import duty. 




                                                BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT                                               34
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Market Research Sweden - Biofuels Market in Sweden 2009

  • 2. Executive Summary  Energy supplied by biofuels in the Swedish market stood at 120 TWh in 2007 and is forecasted to  rise to 144 TWh in 2030 and 230 TWh in 2050  Market  The Swedish bio‐fuels market is dominated by – Ethanol, Biodiesel and Biogas , g Drivers Challenges  Cost Incentives  Resistance from the Swedish Forestry   Fluctuations in Crude Oil Prices Industry  Support for Green Car Owners F d Food vs. Fuel Issue F lI Drivers &   High Growth in Ethanol Vehicles  Hurdles with Biogas Supply  Challenges  Biofuels Market Being Dominated by Imports  Cli t Climate and Energy Policy dE P li Government   Biogas Vast Project Initiatives  Research and Development Projects  Other Policies Towards Developing the Industry  The market is highly fragmented and comprises of few large players  Large scale imports has led to the growth of a number of small players Major Players Ethanol BIodiesel Biogas Major Players Lantmannen Agroetanol  Lantmannen Ecobransle Lackeby Water Group SEKAB Perstorp BioProducts  Malmberg BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT 2
  • 4. The European Union biofuels market has been growing strongly  with Germany and France being the market leaders Overview Biodiesel •On 23 January 2008, the EU proposed that the  ‘000 MT Germany is  overall energy target would stand at 10,000 the largest  producer Production  20% renewable energy use by 2020  8,000  10% minimum target for the market share of  6,000 biofuels by 2020 4,000 •The EU has set a target of incorporating 5.75%  g p g Imports p 2,000 2 000 biofuels in transportation by 2010 Exports 0 2006 2007e 2008e 2009f 2010f Segmentation of Usage in Transportation Bioethanol 5% ‘000 MT France is the  Biodiesel 3,000 largest  20% producer Production Bioethanol 2,500 Vegetable Oils V t bl Oil 2,000 1,500 Imports 75% 1,000 500 Exports 0 NOTE: Biogas accounts for a negligible share 2006 2007e 2008e 2009f 2010f BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT 4
  • 5. Major European initiatives towards developing the biofuels  market 1992: CAP allowed for non‐food crops to  2003: Biofuels Directive ( indicative targets 2% by 2005,  be grown on set‐aside land without  5.75% by 2010) losing the set‐aside premium. The  Energy Taxation Directive amount of oilseeds grown on set‐aside  Revision of Fuel Quality Directive (gasoline norms) land is controlled by the Blair House  Revision of diesel norms & Biodiesel quality norms Agreement.   CAP Reforms (change in energy crop premium) 1990 1995 2000 2005 2008 • 1992:  • 1997:  • 2000:  • 2006: • 2008: Drafted  Introduction  Introduction White paper  White paper Green paper  Green paper EU’s Biofuels  EU’s Biofuels renewable  renewable of the  on renewable  on energy  Strategy energy  Common  energies  supply  directive  Agricultural  security Policy (CAP) 2007: Renewables Roadmap and Revision of Biofuels Directive Revised Fuel Quality Directive – up to 10% ethanol blending; reduction in greenhouse  Revised Fuel Quality Directive up to 10% ethanol blending; reduction in greenhouse gas emission from transport fuel by 1% per year between 2010 and 2020 BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT 5
  • 7. Bioenergy market in Sweden has developed due to major  government initiatives  Overview Bioenergy Share of Total Energy Use •Bioenergy share has increased by 3% since  % 1970 30 28 •About 90% of bioenergy used in Sweden  +3% 24 20 comes from the forestry sector 20 15 •The share of bioenergy derived from the  9 11 10 agricultural sector is small at present agricultural sector is small at present  In total, around 2% of Sweden's arable land is  0 used solely for energy production 1970 1980 1990 2000 2004 2007 Primary Uses of Bioenergy  Electricity Consumption Mix TWh Applicability of Bioenergy 1,370 1,400 +7% Wind  1,200 35% Hydro 1,000 Biomass 800 704 Photovoltaic 28% 600 504 537 25% Geo Thermal 14% 15% Heating  400 18% Others  Electricity  Used as Fuel 69% 66% 51% 200 3% Generation Purposes 19% 1% 13% 0 16% 1% 17% 1% 4% 2% 2005 2006 2010e 2020e BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT 7
  • 8. Biofuels contribution to total energy consumption in Sweden has  been rising and is expected to grow in the future Overview Total Energy Supplied by Biofuels • The total energy share contributed by biofuels has  TWh risen by 32% over 2003‐07 +3% 150 • In absolute terms, energy generated has increased by  116 120 105 108 109 3% over the same period 100 • The Swedish bio‐fuels market is dominated by  Ethanol 50  Bi di l Biodiesel  Biogas 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Biofuel Share of total energy  Rise in Energy Supplied by Biofuels  % TWh 4.00 250 +2% 230 4 +32% 3.10 200 +1% 3 2.28 2.23 144 150 120 2 1.32 100 1 50 0 0 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2007 2030e 2050e BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT 8
  • 9. Ethanol is the most widely used biofuel in Sweden, supply is  largely driven by imports Ethanol Overview Total Supply •Ethanol is the most common liquid biofuel in  Production Sweden MT Import p 500 •It accounts for approximately 90% of all liquid  500 460 14% biofuel used in 2008 400 334 22% 316 300 19% 21% •Largest consumer of bioethanol in the EU  200 86%  80% of total imports mostly from Brazil is 80% of total imports,  mostly from Brazil, is  78% 81% 79% consumed in Sweden 100 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 Segmentation of Production Base  Quantity of Feedstock Used Wheat Cereals MT 20% Barley 598,000 Wood 600,000 Rye 413,000 400,000 320,000 336,000 79% 80% 200,000 81% 80% 80% 9% 10% 10% 12% 8% 15% 6% 0 9% 2006 2007 2008 2009 BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT 9
  • 10. Biodiesel market in Sweden has shown promising growth due to  various policies and the availability of feedstock Biodiesel Overview Total Supply •Biodiesel can be produced from different  Production vegetable oils MT p Import 150 140 •In Sweden, biodiesel is mainly produced in the  120 120 form of RME (rape methyl esther) from rape  100 seed oil 58% 71% 60 67% •Since 2006, biodiesel is blended at 5% with  •Since 2006 biodiesel is blended at 5% with 50 33% fossil diesel in the county 67% 42% 33% 29% 0 •Government initiatives has allowed this  2006 2007 2008 2009 segment to grow Quantity of Feedstock Used V i Various tax exemption on bio‐diesel i bi di l  Extensive plans towards developing new bio‐ Rapeseed Oil MT diesel plants 150,000 132,000  In order to enhance domestic usage, the  110,000 Government plans on implementing a new EU  Government plans on implementing a new EU 100,000 biofuel directive which is expected to increase the  64,000 blending level from the existing 5% to 7% by July  50,000 36,000 1, 2010 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT 10
  • 11. Biogas market in Sweden has grown steadily and is still in a  nascent stage with major potential  Biogas Overview Total Supply •Total biogas potential from domestic residual  ‘000 tonnes of oil eq./yr products is 10.6 TWh/year  20  This is equivalent to 12% of the energy  15 16 consumption attributable to road transport 15 14 11 •Potential for biogas produced from the  10 9 residual products of forest industry is  p y 5 estimated to be 59 TWh/year 0 •Biogas is expected to develop further  2003 2004 2005 2006 2007  Biogas offers the largest reduction in greenhouse  gases compared to other biofuels  gases compared to other biofuels Potential: Domestic Residual Products  Gaining large scale acceptance as vehicle fuel that  generates the least emissions of greenhouse  10% gases 7% Agriculture  Since it is produced from waste and residual  Food Waste Food Waste products, it avoids any competition with food  7% Sewage Sludge production Food Industry •It is expected to be capable of supplying fuel  and other sectors to ~ 20% of the vehicle fleet in Sweden by  76% 2020 BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT 11
  • 13. Drivers and Challenges Drivers Challenges Cost Incentives Cost Incentives Resistance from the Swedish Forestry  R i f h S di h F Industry Fluctuations in Crude Oil Prices Food vs. Fuel Issue Support for Green Car Owners Hurdles with Biogas Supply  High Growth in Ethanol Vehicles Biofuels Market Being Dominated by  i f l k i i db Imports BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT 13
  • 14. Constantly increasing taxes on conventional fuels will boost the  usage of biofuels Cost Incentives Impact • The Swedish taxation policy is creating demand for biofuels • Two types of taxes are levied on the use of fuels  Fiscal Taxes: This includes the general tax  Environmental Taxes: Includes taxes on CO2, SOx and NOx emission • The taxation level has been constantly increasing in order to propagate the use of biofuels and  towards reducing the level of greenhouse gasses emitted Conventional Gas Diesel Oil USD/liter Energy Tax USD/liter +22% CO2 Tax 0.79 1.5 +5% 0.8 0.65 0 65 0.19 1.01 VAT 0.96 0.6 0.17 1.0 0.43 0.45 0.4 0.44 0.5 0.41 0.34 0.36 0.2 0.19 0 19 0.20 0 20 0.07 0 07 0.16 0.0 0.0 2008 2009 2008 2009 • All biofuels are tax‐free till 2013. They are exempted from energy tax and carbon dioxide tax  thus being a cost effective option for consumers BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT 14
  • 15. Feasibility in the usage of biofuels over ordinary fuels is expected  to drive the market Fluctuations in Crude Oil Prices Impact • Sweden does not produce crude oil and is thus completely dependent on imports for its  domestic petroleum needs Petroleum Consumption  USD/barrel 600 ‐1% 400 200 0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 • The petroleum consumption levels have been steadily decreasing due to the recent volatility in  prices of crude oil  i f d il • This has acted as a driver for the biofuels market as players are more inclined towards focusing  on developing alternative renewable fuel sources  Crude Oil Prices  USD/barrel 150 100 71.69 50 0 Sep‐07 Nov‐07 Dec‐07 Jan‐08 Feb‐08 Jul‐08 Sep‐08 Nov‐08 Dec‐08 Jan‐09 Feb‐09 Mar‐09 Apr‐09 May‐09 Jun‐09 Jul‐09 Aug‐09 Sep‐09 BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT 15
  • 16. Support for green car owners will increase the demand for  vehicles operating on biofuels Support for Green Car Owners Impact • Many policies have been adopted towards creating incentives for prospective car buyers to  purchase a vehicle which runs on biofuel • In 2006, a CO2 based vehicle tax was introduced in order to encourage the purchase of energy  efficient vehicles, thus reducing emissions in the transport sector • Based on a legal act in April 2006, large fuel stations are required by law to offer at least one  alternate fuel  The act applies to filling stations with a sales volume of more than 3 000 m³ of petrol or diesel The act applies to filling stations with a sales volume of more than 3 000 m³ of petrol or diesel  This includes ~15% of the total fuel stations amounting to nearly 4 000 filling stations  A revision in policy is expected in order to encompass 60% of all filling stations to sell a renewable vehicle  fuel by 2010 • This was forwarded in order to enhance availability of fuel which will lead to a larger consumer  base demanding green cars • Furthermore, private individuals purchasing a new eco‐friendly car between 1 April 2007 and 31  December 2009 are liable to receive a subsidy of USD 1,456.9  The Government initially earmarked a total of USD 36.4 mn for subsidies, but this was increased in 2008 as  the demand for eco‐friendly cars was higher than expected the demand for eco friendly cars was higher than expected • State governments have also taken steps which is expected to develop this industry  As of August 2007, a permanent congestion charge has been introduced in Stockholm. Green cars are  exempt from this charge BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT 16
  • 17. Booming market for ethanol vehicles will attract more players to  this sector High Growth in Ethanol Vehicles Impact • Ethanol cars being sold in Sweden has been growing dynamically at 95% over the last decade • The government has been contributing to this rise through a directive which was passed on  February 1, 2009 stating that all cars purchased by the government authorities and 50% of  F b 1 2009 i h ll h db h h ii d 50% f emergency services have to be environmentally friendly Number of Ethanol Cars Sold in Sweden 146,976 +95% 57,628 25,868 35,499 717 1,926 1,669 1,074 17,232 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Segmentation of Green Cars in the Market Biogas Hybrid Gasoline Diesel (emit <120 gm CO2/km) Diesel (emit <120 gm CO2/km) Ethanol 4.3 12.9 12.8 68.4 100.0 1.6 • This acts as a major incentive for fuel manufacturers to develop new facilities producing biofuels This acts as a major incentive for fuel manufacturers to develop new facilities producing biofuels  and the rise in demand is expected to continue in the future BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT 17
  • 18. Large imports of biofuels is expected to lead to players  producing biofuels domestically at lower costs Biofuels Market Being Dominated by Imports Impact • A major supply shortage exists in this sector as large fractions of biofuels are imported  • This provides strong opportunities for domestic players to develop indigenous facilities towards  manufacturing biofuels f i bi f l • This large scale demand will drive growth in domestic production allowing for players to supply  at a lower price allowing them to capture a large market share Share of Ethanol Imported Share of Ethanol Imported Share of Biodiesel Imported Share of Biodiesel Imported Ethanol Data 2006 2007 2008 2009 Biodiesel Data 2006 2007 2008 2009 Total Supply (MT) pp y 316 334 500 460 Total Supply (MT) pp y 60 120 120 140 Import Level (MT) 256 264 430 360 Import Level (MT) 40 50 40 40 Share Imported (%) 81 79 86 78 Share Imported (%) 67 42 33 29 • EU directives on the other hand have boosted interest among Swedish importers of biofuel  through their directive passed in April 2009  It allowed ethanol imported from Brazil for use in E85 (for cars) and ED95 (for buses and trucks) fuels to be  categorized as a chemical product for blending with gasoline, thereby exempting the product from the much  higher duties that are imposed on imported agricultural products from third countries BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT 18
  • 19. Major barriers in the market include the resistance from the  forest industry and the usage of land to grow energy crops Resistance from the Swedish Forestry Industry Impact • A large fraction of the raw materials used to generate biofuels is attributed to the expansive  forests in Sweden • There is a high risk of competition for forest land and forest raw materials being used for the  energy sector on the one hand and, on the other, the Swedish forest industry which accounts  for large export revenues and employment in Sweden’s rural areas • This clash of interest will act as a challenge to a market with a strong potential for major growth  in the future in the future Food vs. Fuel Issue Impact • In order to generate biofuels, agricultural land is often diverted from the production of food  crops to the production of energy crops • This is a point of contention as more extensive cultivation of energy crops on arable land may  lead to a drop in food production • Furthermore, the forest industry may experience difficult in obtaining forest raw material • This issue can be addressed by developing more efficient second‐generation biofuels  Second‐generation technology refers to the production of biofuels on a large scale from wood, grasses, or  non‐edible parts of plants BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT 19
  • 20. Infrastructural shortcomings leading to the inability to meet  demand for biogas is a challenge the market faces Hurdles with Biogas Supply  Impact • Biogas production is unable to meet the constantly increasing demand in Sweden • Many new filling stations are being developed however, the demand for biogas is still larger  than the supply in many regions • One of the primary reasons hindering players from entering this segment is the uncertainty in  long‐term market demand  • The potential market in Sweden for biogas has not been tapped as it is time‐consuming and  costly to build a functioning distribution system tl t b ild f ti i di t ib ti t  New local and/or regional pipe networks are required to be laid for biogas, since the existing gas grid in  Sweden is limited to certain parts of the country  BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT 20
  • 22. Government Policies and Investments Other Policies Towards  Developing the Industry Climate and Energy Policy Key  Initiatives Research and Development  Projects Biogas Vast Project BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT 22
  • 23. Government Policies and Investments (1/4) Climate and Energy Policy Targets to be Achieved by 2020 based on EU Directives • 50% of total energy consumption will be via renewable energy f l ll b bl • Biofuels will account for 10 % of total fuel consumption in the transport sector • In addition, by 2020, the EU is to achieve the goal of improving energy  efficiency by 20%  • 40% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions d h  Biofuels will play a major role as 30% of national emissions is accounted for by the  transportation sector Initiatives Impact p • By July 2010, the government plans on  • Major investments in research and  enhancing fuel efficiency by adhering to the  development projects towards the  new EU fuel quality directive which allows for  development of second‐generation technology  a mixture of up to 10% of ethanol and 7% of  • On June 16, 2009 a Government Bill was On June 16, 2009 a Government Bill was  biodiesel passed • Further usage of economic instruments such   Target for 2030 – Swedish car fleet to be  as carbon dioxide tax  independent of fossil fuels  • Improvement in the infrastructure for biofuel   Target for 2050 – Zero net emissions of greenhouse  gases into the atmosphere gases into the atmosphere supply BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT 23
  • 24. Government Policies and Investments (2/4) Biogas Vast Project • The government has been taking initiatives towards the development of biofuel projects  through a public‐private partnership model through a public‐private partnership model • Biogas Vast is the world’s first regional project for biogas as vehicle fuel  Introduction • It commenced in 2001 • Participants in the project include 30 privately and publicly owned companies, organizations,  public authorities and municipal authorities  • This  project primarily pursues market development within biogas production, the distribution  Purpose and expansion of gas fuelling stations and the use of gas‐powered vehicles • It is also focusing on developing better technology allowing for large scale exports • In 2001   There  were 9 gas fuelling stations and ~ 800 biogas vehicles in western Sweden Impact • By 2008  The infrastructure in Western Sweden developed more than other regions in the country The infrastructure in Western Sweden developed more than other regions in the country  36 gas fuelling stations and ~ 7,000 vehicles and 8 facilities producing biogas for automotive purposes • Investment in biogas facilities, the infrastructure, fuelling stations and pipelines have amounted  to ~ USD 97.6 mn Investments •IInvestment in the development of gas‐powered vehicles – cars, light transport vehicles, buses  t t i th d l t f d hi l li ht t t hi l b and trucks stands at ~ USD 262.3 mn – USD 291.3 mn BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT 24
  • 25. Government Policies and Investments (3/4) Research and Development Projects • The government has been constantly promoting the use of biofuels and environment‐friendly cars  Introduction through large scale investments in R&D projects through large scale investments in R&D projects Major R&D Initiatives Funded by the Government The Swedish Energy Agency pumped in USD 0.5 mn in Taurus Energy’s project towards developing pentose technology in order to  2007 increase the yield of ethanol by 40% Total investment aid for the development of renewable energy stood at USD 64.6 mn out of which 37% was accounted for by  2007 biofuel development The Swedish Energy Agency invested USD 5.6 mn in the development of ethanol processing at the pilot plant in Ornskoldsvik  2008 being carried out by SEKAB. Purpose of the project was to produce ethanol from cellulose, a feedstock that could in the future  replace cereal and sugarcane in the production of ethanol thus leading to the growth of second generation biofuels replace cereal and sugarcane in the production of ethanol thus leading to the growth of second generation biofuels Swedish Government is investing USD 61.2 mn in energy efficiency measures which will be implemented in policies related to  2008‐10 environment, forestry, agriculture and energy  2009 The government provided support of USD 47.5 mn for green car rebates 2009 The government plans on investing USD 40 mn to partially finance research into environmentally friendly vehicles The government plans on investing USD 40 mn to partially finance research into environmentally friendly vehicles The government plans on investing USD 127.5 mn to allow for research and development initiatives to be made available  commercially. This is expected to lead to more demonstration plants for second‐generation biofuels and other energy technology. 2009‐11 An investment of USD 49.3 mn is expected in order to assist the development of energy technology that has not yet been  established in the market, such as biogas 2010‐14 A new five‐year support program for more efficient energy use of USD 43.7 mn/yr is expected to be implemented BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT 25
  • 26. Government Policies and Investments (4/4) Other Policies Towards Developing the Industry Support to production of  Transport Budget Bill 2009 Klimp biofuel feedstock  • Plans on raising the  • Enhancing the energy  • Major policies towards  • The Swedish  emission standards for  aid, which currently  move away from the  Environmental  automotive  stands at USD 67.5/  dependence on fossil  Protection Agency’s  manufacturers at  hectare, available to  fuels  climate investment  highest permissible  farmers producing  • Allocated ~ USD 437 mn  programme level energy crops under EU  towards supporting  • Aimed at developing   • Rise in vehicle tax by  regulations development measures  production facilities for  USD 0.65/gm of carbon  • Initiation of a rural  in the climate and  liquid biogas and the  dioxide emitted dioxide emitted development program  development program energy area over the  energy area over the development of  development of • Replacement of the  for 2007‐2013 which  period 2009–2011 required infrastructure cash bonus given to  will be utilized towards  • Proposed plans include  • The programme is  green car owners with a  supporting and  a number of measures  expected to continue  long‐term tax  improving the  intended to promote  till 2012 concession production and  the development of  • Cumulative investments  • Raise energy tax on  processing of  new energy technology since its inception in  diesel by a total of USD  renewable energy crops 2003 is pegged at USD  0.06/ liter by 2013 72.8 mn BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT 26
  • 28. Players in the Market (1/5) Company Snapshot: Atrax Energi Corporate Information Business Highlights Headquarters Stockholm • Applied for the USD 127.5 mn that the Swedish  energy authorities are distributing for the  Founded 1982 development of new energy technology Area of Expertise Consultants in the field of alternative fuels • Plans on carrying out a test project towards powering  Financials NA transport vehicles and trucks by a "new" bio‐based  fuels in existing diesel engines, without proper  fuels in existing diesel engines without proper Key People NA modifications or optimization  • Monitoring construction of an ethanol plant in Ghent Company Snapshot:Chemrec Corporate Information Business Highlights Headquarters Stockholm • Developed a new technology for biofuel generation  using waste from pulp mills  Founded 1987 • Major investors include Vantage Point Venture  Creating biorefineries through black liquor  Area of Expertise Partners, Volvo Technology Transfer, Environmental  gasification technology Technologies Fund, Nykomb Synergetics Financials NA • Full implementation of the technology in all Swedish  Jonas Rudberg  CEO  Jonas Rudberg – CEO pulp mills is expected to yield  6 mn tons of CO2  pulp mills is expected to yield ~6 mn tons of CO2 Key People Anders Neld – CFO  reduction per year or 10 % of current Swedish CO2 BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT 28
  • 29. Players in the Market (2/5) Company Snapshot: Lackeby Water Group Corporate Information Business Highlights Headquarters Lackeby  Lackeby • Operates in 70 countries worldwide Founded 1935 • The company has been largely focusing on  international operations as domestic biogas market is  Area of Expertise Biogas production  at a nascent stage  Financials ’08: Revenue – USD 100 mn;  Stefan Lambert – Chairman  Key People Hjelm, Peter – CEO  Company Snapshot:Lantmannen Agroetanol  Corporate Information Business Highlights Headquarters Norrkoping  • It is the largest ethanol producer in Sweden Founded 2001 • It has a yearly capacity of about 160,000 MT of  ethanol Refines grain into bio‐ethanol for the fuel  Area of Expertise • In 2008, developed a new ethanol production facility  market in Norrkoping which reached full production capacity  Financials NA by January 2009 Monika Lekander  MD  Monika Lekander – MD Key People Ove Hogman – COO  BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT 29
  • 30. Players in the Market (3/5)  Company Snapshot: Lantmannen Ecobransle Corporate Information Business Highlights Headquarters Karlshamn • Subsidiary of Lantmannen Energy, part of  Lantmannen Group Founded NA • Their plant has been running  since 2006 and has a  Area of Expertise Manufactures and markets biodiesel capacity of producing 100 000 tonnes RME, with at  Financials NA least 50% of the raw material being used  domestically Key People NA Company Snapshot: Malmberg Corporate Information Business Highlights Headquarters Ahus • The company has been upgrading biogas plants  across Europe Founded 1866 • Some projects include Area of Expertise Renewable energy solutions provider   Lunds Energi’s operations in Sweden ’08: Revenue – USD 42 mn; Profit – USD   Wetschen, near Hanover; Darmstadt‐Wixhausen; and  Financials 0.45 mn Kassel in Germany Akamai  President and CEO Akamai – President and CEO  It has also carried out operations in the field of gas It has also carried out operations in the field of gas  Key People cleaning in Austria Lars Josefsson – CFO    BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT 30
  • 31. Players in the Market (4/5) Company Snapshot: Nordisk Etanolproduktion  Corporate Information Business Highlights Headquarters Karlshamn • Production facility located in facilities are in the city  of Karlshamn, located in Blekinge county in south  Founded 2006 Sweden Area of Expertise Ethanol and bio‐gas production  • The company plans on expanding operations towards  Financials NA producing 130,000 m3 annually  Mikael Runeson – President    • It also plans on producing bio‐gas from this facility  Key People Jorgen Andersson – Chairman  Company Snapshot: Opcon Corporate Information Business Highlights Headquarters Stockholm • Received an order worth USD 5.1 mn for an advanced  bioenergy plant at Skapafors mill, in southwestern  Founded 1908 Sweden for Rexcell Tissue and Airlaid S d f R ll Ti d Ai l id Area of Expertise Industrial technology company   Biomass will be used as a fuel instead of oil and electricity.  ’08:Profit – USD 60.9 mn; Profit – USD 15.6  It will have a 9 MW joint combustion system which will  Financials produce process steam mn Mats Gabrielsson  Mats Gabrielsson ‐ Chairman Key People Rolf Hasselstrom – President BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT 31
  • 32. Players in the Market (5/5) Company Snapshot: Perstorp BioProducts  Corporate Information Business Highlights Headquarters Perstorp • Scandinavia's number one biodiesel producer Founded NA • Plans on setting up filling station for pure RME in  Perstorp is association with Biofuel Express Area of Expertise Biodiesel and biogas producer • Developed Verdis Polaris, a new renewable diesel  Financials NA fuel. It is primarily RME of a higher quality Key People NA  Conduce even for the northern parts of Sweden which  experiences extremely low temperatures  Company Snapshot: SEKAB Corporate Information Business Highlights Headquarters Ornskoldsvik • Ethanol is produced from the by‐products of paper  pulp production by SEKAB in its plant located in  Founded 1985 Ornskoldsvik O k ld ik Bioenergy company focusing on ethanol   The plant received funding of USD 5 mn from the Swedish  Area of Expertise production energy authority Energimyndigheten allowing the project  Financials ’06: Revenue – USD 276.8 mn for producing ethanol from cellulose to continue  Produces 300‐400 liters of ethanol/ day  Key People Key People Anders Fredriksson  CEO  Anders Fredriksson – CEO • The company plans on discontinuing its sales of  ethanol fuel E85 (15% gasoline and 85% ethanol) BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT 32
  • 34. Key Developments Date Development Sep 2009 The Swedish Energy Agency awarded a grant worth USD 72.8 mn to Chemrec’s facility in Ornskoldsvik.  The grant is intended for the production of biofuel from black liquor, a high‐energy, viscous by‐product  from the pulp industry. f th l i d t Jul 2009 Swedish forestry group Sodra began a 2 year study with rapeseed methyl ester (RME) in six vehicles to  assess the effect on the environment, economy and machinery. The trials are expected to be completed  in January 2011.  Jul 2009 Swedish technology firm Mantex, which has developed an automated, continuous method to determine  biomass moisture concentration, received funding from German utility RWE. June 2009 Scania, a Swedish truck and bus manufacturer, supplied 85 ethanol powered buses to Busslink i Sverige.  This is the largest single bus order in Sweden since 2004.  June 2009 J 2009 Vapo, a Finnish peat producer, plans on developing a biodiesel plant in Jonkoping.  V Fi i h d l d l i bi di l l i J k i May 2009 Swebo Bioenergi, which is selling a technique for burning biofuels such as wood chips and firewood,   raised USD 2.2 mn in capital in order to expand into new markets. Sustainable Technologies Fund made  this large investment Mar 2009 Mar 2009 Finnish company ST1 is planning to start ethanol production in Sweden. The company operates more than  Finnish compan ST1 is planning to start ethanol prod ction in S eden The compan operates more than 40 automatic pump stations in Sweden. Feb 2008                                      EU approved Sweden’s application to continue to import ethanol from brazil for processing into biofuels  at a subsidized rate. The initial plan was revised which called for a 30% increase in import duty.  BIOFUELS MARKET – SWEDEN.PPT 34
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