Maria Paulina Rohi_23021340020_Group PPT_Key Issues.pptx
1. Maria Paulina Rohi (23021340020)
Ferdika Boru Rambe
Key Issues in Linguistics and ELT
2. • What are the 21st century skills?
• What is Literacy?
• What are Critical Thinking and HOT Skills?
• How are HOTS and Literacy incorporated in
English Language Task, Materials and
Activities?
• Article Review on Promoting Hots and Better
Literacy for EFL Students through the
Cognitively Challenging Reading Material
3.
4. General Definition of
Literacy
Literacy Definition
Accoding to UNESCO
Basically Literacy is the ability to read,
write, speak and listen in a way that lets
us communicate effectively with others,
express our thoughts and ideas and learn
new things.
Literacy is the ability to identify, understand,
interpret, create, communicate and compute, using
printed and written materials associated with
varying contexts. Literacy involves a continuum of
learning in enabling individuals to achieve their
goals, to develop their knowledge and potential, and
to participate fully in their community and wider
society.
5. Higher Order Thinking Skill is A framework for learning that
can help improve the quality of how students learn and teachers teach.
The framework helps you understand different levels at which you
master knowledge. The framework is known as Bloom Taxonomy
Three version of the taxonomy;
1. Cognitive Domain
2. Affective Domain
3. Psychomotor Domain
6. Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) are the cognitive processes that
require thinking at a more complex, higher level.
According Resnick (in Adirasa: 2021) it is explained that the definition of
higher order thinking skills is a thinking activity that combines several
behaviors of describing material, analyzing, representing, concluding and
building relationships involving the most basic mental activities
The ability to think at a high level (Higher Order Thinking Skill) was firstly
described by Benjamin S. Bloom as a system for categorizing cognitive
reasoning skills, which vary from simple to complex, concrete to abstract. It is
divided into 6 (six) stages of the cognitive process namely Knowledge,
Comprehension, Application Analysis, Synthesis and Evaluation.
7. Later, Anderson and Krathwohl (2001) revised Bloom's taxonomy’ cognitive dimension
process in a book entitled “A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching and Assessing: A Revision
of Bloom Taxonomy of Educational Objectives” to remember (C1), understand (C2),
apply (C3), analyze (C4), evaluate (C5), and create (C6).
8. Anderson and Krathwoll
through the revised
taxonomy have a series of
processes that
demonstrate cognitive
complexity by adding
knowledge dimensions,
such as:
• Factual Knowledge
• Conceptual
Knowledge
• Procedural Knowledge
• Metacognitive
Knowledge
9. Higher order thinking skill is an important aspect in
teaching and learning as it is a useful tool to help students in
learning and in improving their performance in dealing with
reality of situations.
HOTs can be used as a framework;
• to state lesson objectives in preparing to teach.
• to determine appropriate teaching activities that incorporate HOTs
• to evaluate the complexity of tasks
• to create assessment
10. you can use the list of Operational Verbs to incorporate HOTs in
your ELT Task, Materials and activities
11. LITERACY
• Literacy is the ability to comprehend the content of the reading
materials, to write a logical argument, and the ability to solve
problems.
• The Indonesian government has started to change the focus of
literacy education, and the literacy is not about the ability to
read (or spelling), write and to count anymore but it’s about the
ability to comprehend the content of the reading materials, to
write a logical argument, and the ability to solve problems.
• According to the literature review presented in the study by
Seftirina Evina Sinambela and Amrin Saragih (2018), the role of
literacy in English language teaching is to help students become
more literate by investing their time in choosing interesting and
relevant reading materials
12. HOTS
• According to the literature review presented in the study by
Seftirina Evina Sinambela and Amrin Saragih (2018), HOTS
(High Order Thinking Skills) refers to the ability to think critically,
analyze, synthesize, and evaluate information
• The study conducted by Yoke et al. (2015) entitled "Innovating
with HOTS for the ESL Reading Class" investigated how HOTS
can be integrated into the ESL reading classroom and to what
extent students perceive this idea as applicable for developing
critical thinking skills.
• Therefore, it can be inferred that HOTS, according to this
paper, is the ability to think critically, analyze, synthesize, and
evaluate information. It is important to equip students with these
skills to help them identify and solve problems in their academic
work and in life.
13. CONCLUTION
• This study is a literature review that that presents evidence from
the literature which suggests that learning a foreign language in
a classroom situation requires a major shift in teaching and
learning process.
• The paper discusses the importance of literacy and HOTS (High
Order Thinking Skills) in EFL (English as a Foreign Language)
students.
• The literature review also suggests that students are intrinsically
motivated to read when the reading assignment and activities
are interesting and relevant to their lives.
• The paper also discusses the Indonesian government's efforts
to change the focus of literacy education and improve literacy
levels in the country.
• Overall, the paper highlights the importance of promoting HOTS
and better literacy for EFL students through cognitively
challenging reading material that is relevant and
