Marginal costing is a technique used to determine the cost of producing one additional unit of a product. It involves classifying costs as either fixed or variable. Fixed costs remain constant regardless of production levels, while variable costs change directly with the production volume. Marginal costing only considers variable costs in the cost per unit calculation to determine contribution. Contribution is the amount of sales revenue left over after deducting variable costs and represents the funds available to cover fixed costs and profit. This technique helps businesses with decisions like production levels, bulk order pricing, and break-even analysis.

2.  Definition :-
Marginal Costing is defined as the amount at any
given volume of output by which aggregate costs
can be changed if the volume of output is
increased or decreased by one unit.
 Meaning :-
Marginal Costing is the technique of controlling by
bringing out the relationship between profit &
volume.

3.  The concept of Marginal Costing is also known as
variable costing because it is based on the behavior
of costs that vary with the volume of output
 Hence, Marginal Costing classifies costs into 2 :-
1. Fixed Cost
2. Variable Cost

4.  Fixed Cost :-
The expenditure remains same irrespective of output.
This includes costs which a firm has to incur
irrespective of units of production
 Eg :- Building rent
 Variable Cost :-
As the name suggests variable cost varies directly with
output. It is directly proportional to volume of production
 Eg :- Cost of raw materials

5.  Fixed cost & Variable cost
 Only variable Costs are considered to calculate
the cost per unit of a product
 Cost Controlling
 Shows the difference between sales and variable
cost known as Contribution

6.  Fixed costs are excluded in marginal costing as
they are expenses belonging to P&L a/c
 Selling price is determined on the basis of marginal
costs

7.  Contribution is the profit before adjusting fixed cost
 It is an assumption that excess of sales over variable cost
contributes to a fund not only which covers fixed cost but
also provides some profit
 If, Contribution = Fixed cost, company achieves breakeven
 This concepts helps in taking Decisions like :-
 Whether to produce or discontinue
 Fixing up selling price of bulk orders

8. PARTICULARS AMT (Rs.) COST PER UNIT
SALES 1000 10
- VARIABLE
COST
- 400 4
CONTRIBUTION 600 6
- FIXED COST 300 3
PROFIT 300 3