ManpowerGroup is a Fortune 500 multinational staffing firm headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It was founded in 1948 and provides staffing services through four primary brands: Manpower, Experis, Right Management, and ManpowerGroup Solutions. Over the decades, ManpowerGroup has expanded globally through acquisitions and grown its service offerings beyond temporary staffing to include professional services, outsourcing, and career management. It has rebranded over time to reflect its evolution from a temporary staffing agency to a workforce solutions company.

1. Manpower Recruiting
Manpower​Group (formerly known as ​Manpower ​Inc.) is a Fortune 500
American multinational corporation headquartered in Milwaukee,
Wisconsin. Founded in 1948 by Elmer Winter and Aaron Scheinfeld,
ManpowerGroup is the third-largest staffing firm in the world behind
Swiss firm Adecco and Dutch firm Randstad. The company provides
administrative & support services, professional services, and business
services through its four primary brands: ​Manpower ​(contingent
staffing & permanent recruitment), Experis (professional resourcing
and project-based solution, Right Management (career management,

2. workforce consulting, and training & development), and
Manpower​Group Solutions (managed services and outsourcing).
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History
1948-1961: Founding and Expansion: Elmer Winter and his law partner
Aaron Scheinfeld co-founded ​Manpower​ in 1948. The pair was inspired
when they found themselves looking for secretarial help to file a brief
on a tight deadline with the Wisconsin Supreme Court. They raised

3. $7,000 and opened their first storefront in Milwaukee with the name
Manpower​ suggested by a friend.
In his book “A History of ​Manpower​, Inc.® 1948-1976”, James D.
Scheinfeld indicates that the idea for the company was, in fact, Aaron
Scheinfeld when at the close of World War II, he worked with a
company on contracts to mothball military equipment and envisioned a
temporary help service. By this account, in 1948 Scheinfeld conceived of
Manpower​, arrived at the name and early logo over lunch with friend
and advertiser Marvin Frank, and invited Winter to invest as a minority
stockholder and co-founder. The two incorporated the company in
Delaware, and in June 1948 opened offices in downtown Milwaukee and
Chicago.
By 1952, ​Manpower​ had expanded in the US to Minneapolis, Cleveland,
Cincinnati, New York, Pittsburgh, and Boston; in 1954, the company
offered its first franchise; in 1956, the company went international with
offices in Montreal, Toronto, and the UK; and in 1957, ​Manpower
established operations in France.
1961-1975: The White Glove Girl and Public Offering: The growing
temporary employment category has been said to be a new category of
work intentionally exempt from union protections. “To avoid union
opposition, they developed a clever strategy, casting temp work as
“women’s work,” and advertising thousands of images of young, white,
middle-class women doing a variety of short-term office jobs.” In 1961,

4. Manpower spent $1 million to place advertisements in Sunday papers
across the country featuring their “White Glove Girls”. Winter
described the company's strategy: "We chose white gloves as a symbol
… because they seem to represent everything that is feminine, neat,
and proper. They symbolize quality and efficiency.” A 1962
advertisement from TIME features model Judy Newton who was the
public face of ​Manpower ​in the 1960s as “The Girl in the White Gloves”.
It cites Manpower's 240 offices in the US and Canada and 15 offices in
Europe. It also specifies that the company offered the following
divisions: Office Services, Industrial Help, Salespower, Inc., and
Technical Services.
In “The Temp Economy: From Kelly Girls to Permatemps in Postwar
America”, Hatton posits that the images in these advertisements were
carefully curated to be “respectable sex symbols” and very purposefully
not displaying images of men or nonwhites and emphasizing that the
White Glove Girls were “specially certified” as code for white &
middle-class and not recent immigrants or black migrants. A 1964
advertisement claims that the White Glove Girl carries an official
training certificate that she is trained in: adapting quickly to new office
routine, advanced telephone technique, dictation technique,
transcribing services, good filing technique, fine points of electric
typing, care of office equipment, keeping work confidential, starting the
work day right, office etiquette, wardrobe and grooming, and dealing

5. with office emergencies. The ad bills Manpower as the world's largest
temporary help service with over 300 offices globally.
In 1962, ​Manpower ​went public, listing shares on the New York Stock
Exchange.
By 1967, Manpower advertising claimed the company had over 500
offices throughout the world. The company opened its 100th foreign
office and 500th office globally in Istanbul, Turkey on February 7, 1967.
On March 31, 1967, Manpower registered 300,000 shares of common
stock offered for sale at $28 per share. In 1968, ​Manpower ​Technical
was established, expanding to offer specialized temporary employees
outside office clerical and industrial settings.

6. 1975-1985: Parker Pen Company: On August 18, 1975, upon the
retirement of co-founder Elmer Winter, the Parker Pen Company
announced its acquisition of ​Manpower ​for $28.2 million. A new
subsidiary of Parker would own 80% of the common stock, with the
remaining 20% purchased by Mitchell S. Fromstein, Manpower
Chairman of the Board.
In January 1985, Fromstein became President of Parker Pen; in October
of the same year, Fromstein announced the private sale of the pen
business as Manpower had grown to represent 90% of Parker's sales
while the pen business struggled. Upon the completion of the sale,
Parker Pen renamed itself Manpower Inc. and the sold Pen business
retained the Parker Pen name.
1986-1990: Return to Public Company and Hostile Takeover by Blue
Arrow: On June 27, 1986, ​Manpower ​went public once again, registering
300,000 shares of common stock with the SEC. On August 4, 1987,
British firm Blue Arrow made a surprise bid to purchase ​Manpower ​for
$1.2 billion in cash, or $75 a share for all 16 million outstanding shares.
Blue Arrow intended to change Manpower into a full-service firm by
adding permanent placement and executive recruiting services, cutting
costs, and adding performance bonuses to employee compensation as
they had done successfully with their 1985 purchase of Brook Street
Bureau At the time, Manpower was virtually tied with Kelly Services for
position as the largest American temporary services firm, each with

7. 11%-12% market share. Blue Arrow was about 10% the size of
Manpower; some analysts considered their takeover offer too low.
Manpower's board rejected the initial takeover offer, only to receive a
new offer of $1.33 billion (or $82.50 a share) that they accepted on
August 22. Along with the increased offer price, Blue Arrow agreed that
the company would operate as a subsidiary retaining the Manpower
name in the US, the Milwaukee office would remain open, and that
Fromstein would stay on.
In the intervening weeks before accepting the Blue Arrow offer,
Fromstein attempted to negotiate a joint venture with Adia S.A. to blunt
the takeover; however, the Swiss employment firm decided not to
proceed. Adia later went on to merge with French firm Ecco in 1996 to
form Adecco.
The company resumed trading on the NYSE as MAN on October 3, 1988.
On December 7, 1988, Fromstein resigned as President and Chief
Executive of Manpower, publicly stating that the decision was mutual.
However, it was Blue Arrow CEO and Chairman Antony Berry who
convinced the board to oust Fromstein, forcing him out of the
company. In response, Fromstein mounted an effort backed by
Manpower franchises in the US to replace Berry. Just a month later in
January 1989, the board removed Berry as CEO and appointed
Fromstein in the Blue Arrow chief executive role while Berry remained
company chairman. Berry's removal came amid poor stock

8. performance and a scandal as the British Department of Trade and
Industry investigated NatWest bank, Blue Arrow's investment bank
advisor for the Manpower purchase, over "an alleged stock-price
support operation following the failure of the stock flotation.” Charges
were later filed in what became known as the Blue Arrow Affair in
November 1989.
In April 1989, Fromstein consolidated his hold on Blue Arrow when the
board removed Berry completely, appointing Fromstein as chairman.
Later that year, Fromstein announced the intent to rename Blue Arrow
PLC to Manpower PLC, commenting "since Manpower Inc represents
over 75% of the company's revenues and profits and is the multinational

9. brand among the company's holdings, it is appropriate to make this
change.” Ultimately, Manpower moved the head office from Britain
back to Milwaukee.
1990-2005: Reorganization as Manpower Inc: On January 31, 1990, Blue
Arrow PLC announced its intent to re-incorporate in the United States
as Manpower Inc. and to return its corporate headquarters to
Milwaukee. This process completed in 1991 with the incorporation of
Manpower Inc, a new publicly traded holding company that acquired
Manpower PLC (the renamed Blue Arrow), which indirectly owned
Manpower International Inc.
In 1999, Fromstein retired as president, CEO, and chairman of the
board and is named chairman emeritus. Jeffrey Joerres was named the
new president and CEO. The company rebranded Manpower Technical
as ​Manpower ​Professional.
In January 2000, ​Manpower ​acquired Elan Group Ltd., a provider of IT
staffing solutions based in the UK with operations in the Netherlands,
Ireland, Switzerland, Germany, and Hong Kong, for $146.2 million. The
company merged its IT staffing operations across Europe under the
Elan brand. During 2000, Manpower launched The Empower Group, an
independent operating division providing consulting services to
multinational corporations in the UK, Australia, New Zealand, and the
US. On July 9, 2001, ​Manpower ​closed on its acquisition of Jefferson
Wells International, Inc., a provider of professional accounting and tax

10. services in the US and Canada, for $174 million. On December 11, 2003,
Manpower announced an agreement to acquire Right Management
Consultants for $488 million or $18.75 per share, into which they
merged Empower.
2006-2011: Global Rebrand: In 2006, the company announced a new
global brand identity with a new logo, marketing materials, and
advertising campaigns. The new brand was developed by the London
office of Wolff Olins, with advertising developed by WPP's Grey
Worldwide in New York and media strategy and planning by sister
agency MediaCom.
According to the press release, “As part of the rebranding process,
Manpower has streamlined its brand architecture from over 200 brands
worldwide down to only five brands that now represent its total service
offering. These brands are ​Manpower​, Manpower Professional, Elan,
Jefferson Wells and Right Management… The new Manpower logo
consists of five oval shapes in five different colors, which comprise the
initials "MP" and reflect the range of services that Manpower now
offers.”
By 2007, under the name ​Manpower ​Business Solutions (MBS), the
company provided task outsourcing, vendor management, onsite HR
services, and Recruitment Process Outsourcing (RPO. In February 2010,
Manpower agreed to acquire COMSYS IT Partners, Inc for $17.65 per
share or a total of $431 million in half cash and half stock. The COMSYS

11. acquisition included their Tapfin brand, expanding Manpower's
investment in RPO and Managed Service Provider (MSP) offerings. On
April 5, 2010, Manpower completed the COMSYS acquisition and
integrated the company with ​Manpower ​Professional IT. Tapfin MSP
and RPO offerings were integrated with Manpower Business Solutions.
2011–Present: Rebranding as ManpowerGroup: In 2011, the company
rebranded itself to ManpowerGroup and organized itself into four
primary brands: Manpower, Experis (formed from the combination of
Manpower Professional, Elan, and Jefferson Wells), Right Management,
and ManpowerGroup Solutions (formerly ​Manpower ​Business
Solutions). The new corporate name was part of an effort to become
known as a workforce solutions company versus a traditional
employment agency. The new brand name Experis was intended to
emphasize the concepts of experience and expertise. New corporate
and brand logos derived from the current corporate logo with work
from The Martin Agency of Richmond, VA.
On September 22, 2011, ManpowerGroup acquired 70% of Proservia SA,
a French IT and systems engineering company. The remaining shares
were acquired by November 2011 for a total of $29.4 million.
On May 1, 2014, Jonas Prising replaced Joerres as CEO and Joerres
assumed the role of executive chairman. Joerres retired on December
30, 2015 and Prising replaced him as chairman while retaining his role
as CEO.

12. On June 1, 2015, ManpowerGroup announced the acquisition of the
Australian and Singapore divisions of Greythorn and its subsidiary
Marks Sattin. In August, 2015, the Experis division announced the
acquisition of a majority stake in Veritaaq, a Canadian IT consulting
firm. On September 3, 2015, ManpowerGroup acquired 7S Group
GmbH, a German HR services firm, for $140.4 million. In 2016 and 2017,
Manpower​Group purchased several divisions of Ciber in Europe: Ciber
Netherlands, Ciber Norway, and Ciber Spain.