This document discusses mathematics education for young children. It defines mathematics as understanding numbers, operations, functions, probability, and measurement. Mathematics is best learned through interactions with the physical and social world, and through constructing mental relationships. The teacher's role is to provide language, ask questions, and supply materials to support children's discoveries. Mathematics should be integrated into daily activities like attendance, calendars, and cooking. Key strands to teach include logical thinking, measurement, geometry, patterns, functions, statistics, and arithmetic. Materials that support learning objectives like grouping, sorting, and counting are recommended.

1. Jo Ann Brewer
MANIPULATION AND
DISCOVERY
MATHEMATICS

2. What is the definition of
Mathematics?
How Mathematics is learned ?
How Mathematics is taught ?
What are the Mathematical
objectives?
QUESTIONS

3. WHAT IS THE DEFINITION
OF MATHEMATICS ?
1ST QUESTIONS

4.  For young children, mathematics is a way of viewing
the world and their experiences in it. It is a way of
solving real problems. Mathematics is the
understanding of numbers, operations on numbers,
functions and relations, probability, and
measurement. It is much more than the pages of
simple equations that you may remember working as
a child. The early childhood years, mathematics
should continue to be a manipulative activity.
MATHEMATICS

5. How Mathematics
is learned ?
2ND QUESTION

6.  Piaget (1970) describes three ways that human beings can
learn. They can learn from:
1- The physical world- Concept- Ex: hot cold,
2- The social world – Concepts such as “ Language” , religion …
3- The construction of mental relationship – concepts such as “
counting ‘ “ seriations” numeration”, conservation and so on
HOW IT IS LEARNED

7. The learner creates categories and hierarchies of objects
without regarding their physical properties.
Example: setting the dinning table for three students.
CONSTRUCTION OR
LOGICO-MATHEMATICAL THINKING

8. If Math concepts are constructed by each learner based on the
observations with real-life materials and situation then
what are the responsibilities of the teacher?
1- To supply the language for
the concept. The terminology.
2- To ask questions about what
the children observe?
3- To provide the materials and
the assistance that would enhance
making those discoveries
CONSTRUCTION OR
LOGICO-MATHEMATICAL THINKING

9. How Mathematics is
taught ?
3RD QUESTIONS

10. TEACHING MATHEMATICS
According to Schwartz(1995), authentic
mathematics occurs in the classroom when
children play in learning centers ,
distribution of snacks or materials and
should make sure to be an integral part in
the school day.
Examples:
1- Use attendance figure to know how many
are absent and how many are presents.
2-A grocery store
3- A calendar:
Today is ------yesterday was ----- and tomorrow
will be -------.
4- Cooking activities.

11. MATHEMATICS STRANDS
TO BE TAUGHT
Logical Thinking
and
Mathematical Reasoning
Measurement
Statistics and
Probability
Geometry
Patterns and
Functions
Arithmetic
Statistics and
Probability

12.  Examples:
 1- putting the sand toys in one container
 2-Sorting dishes in the housekeeping area into storage area
for plates
 3-Classifying the unit blocks into different sizes for storage.
 4- Comparing sets and using categories such as more- less-
few – many .
LOGICAL THINKING
AND
MATHEMATICAL REASONING

13. Comparing and Analyzing Information
Example:
1- Observing and comparing the number of sunny days, cloudy
days, snowy days or rainy days marked on the calendar.
STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

14. MEASUREMENT
Children are always interested in their own heights
Weights, ages , ect.…
Examples:
1- Using blocks to measure walls.

15.  Encourage the learners to
participate in activities
that help them develop
concepts of space and the
relationships of objects in
space ---- two triangles can
make a square.
 Pizza
 A bar of chocolate
GEOMETRY

16.  Patterns are visual, auditory,
spatial, numerical or
combination of these.
 Promoting recognition of
patterns is extremely
important in helping young
children develop
mathematical concepts.
PATTERNS AND FUNCTIONS

17. PATTERNS AND FUNCTIONS CONT’…
Function: it is the pattern that is
created when
certain action are performed on
objects or numbers.
Example:
Cutting an apple in the middle.

18.  Arithmetic is a part of every strand
in mathematical thinking. It
includes:
 1- one to one correspondence
 2- counting
 3-nunbers
 4-place value
 5-operations on whole numbers
 6-fractions.
ARITHMETIC

19. Go Thru the
Slides again
and see the
materials
used.
MATERIALS

20.  To Group
 To sort
 To classify
 To seriate
 To construct
 To weight
 To measure
 To count
 To graph
OBJECTIVES

21. REFLECTION