The Khilafah Umayyad dynasty fell in 750 CE due to internal conflicts and resentment from non-Arab Muslims over their rule. While the Umayyads experienced military successes and expanded the empire, their reliance on Arab identity alienated newly converted non-Arab Muslims and Berbers. This political instability contributed to the Abbasid revolution that overthrew the Umayyads and moved the capital from Damascus to Baghdad.