This document discusses the key concepts in management. It defines management as the planning, organizing, leading, and controlling of organizational resources to achieve goals. Managers perform four principal tasks: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. There are three levels of management - first-line, middle, and top. Managers require three types of skills: conceptual, human, and technical. The biggest challenges for management in a global environment include building competitive advantage, maintaining ethical standards, and managing a diverse workforce.
Describe what management is, why management is important, what managers do, and how managers utilize organizational resources efficiently and effectively to achieve organizational goals
Distinguish among planning, organizing, leading, and controlling (the four principal managerial tasks), and explain how managers’ ability to handle each one affects organizational performance
Describe what management is, why management is important, what managers do, and how managers utilize organizational resources efficiently and effectively to achieve organizational goals
Distinguish among planning, organizing, leading, and controlling (the four principal managerial tasks), and explain how managers’ ability to handle each one affects organizational performance
INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT
PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
PPT OF THE BOOK
Kathryn M. Bartol,
David C. Martin,
Management (latest edition),
MAIN TOPICS OF THE LECTURE ARE:
Management Theory,
Management Environment,
Managerial Decision Making
INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT
PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
PPT OF THE BOOK
Kathryn M. Bartol,
David C. Martin,
Management (latest edition),
MAIN TOPICS OF THE LECTURE ARE:
Management Theory,
Management Environment,
Managerial Decision Making
CHAPTER ONE
Fundamentals of Management
1.1. Definitions of Management
There is no single, comprehensive and universally accepted definition of management. This holds true due to the following major reasons among others:
Different scholars view management from different perspectives
It has many areas of applications. It is applied in profit, not for profit, private, government, social and business organizations.
Management as a discipline is recent in origin and hence there are a number of theories being added to the field.
It is so broad that it is difficult to encompass all its aspects in a single definition.
It has undergone changes because of the developments in behavioral science and quantitative techniques.
There are different approaches to management, definitions change as the environment changes. The environment of an organization changes due to changes in the political, social, economic, ethical and other factors.
The following are among the most widely accepted definitions of management:
Management is … the organ of society specifically charged with making resources productive - Peter Drucker
Management is the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals, working together in groups, efficiently accomplish selected aims - Koontz and Weihrich.
Management is a distinct process consisting of activities of planning, organizing, actuating and controlling, performed to determine and accomplish stated objectives with the use of human beings and other resources - Terry and Franklin.
The work involved in combining and directing the use of resources to achieve particular purposes is called management - David R. Hampton.
Management is the process of planning, organizing, leading and controlling the work of the organization members and of using all available organizational resources to reach stated organizational goals - Stoner, Freeman and Gilbert.
Management is the art of getting things done through people effectively and efficiently - Mary Parker Follett.
Effectiveness/Quality: is a way that produces a desired result.
Efficiency/Related to minimum Cost: is being capable of achieving the desired result with the minimum use of resources, time and effort.
1.2. Significance of Management
1) Encourages Initiative: Management encourages initiative. Initiative means to do the right thing at the right time without being told or influenced by the superior. The employees should be encouraged to make their own plans and also to implement these plans. Initiative gives satisfaction to employees and success to organization.
2) Encourages Innovation: Management also encourages innovation in the organization. Innovation brings new ideas, new technology, new methods, new products, new services, etc. This makes the organization more competitive and efficient.
3) Facilitates Growth and Expansion: Management makes optimum utilization of available resources. It reduces wastage and increase efficiency.
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Enterprise Excellence is Inclusive Excellence.pdfKaiNexus
Enterprise excellence and inclusive excellence are closely linked, and real-world challenges have shown that both are essential to the success of any organization. To achieve enterprise excellence, organizations must focus on improving their operations and processes while creating an inclusive environment that engages everyone. In this interactive session, the facilitator will highlight commonly established business practices and how they limit our ability to engage everyone every day. More importantly, though, participants will likely gain increased awareness of what we can do differently to maximize enterprise excellence through deliberate inclusion.
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Cultivating and maintaining discipline within teams is a critical differentiator for successful organisations.
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3. 1-3
Learning Objectives
1. Describe what management is, why management is
important, what managers do, and how managers
utilize organizational resources efficiently and
effectively to achieve organizational goals
2. Distinguish among planning, organizing, leading,
and controlling (the four principal managerial tasks),
and explain how managers’ ability to handle each
one affects organizational performance
4. 1-4
Learning Objectives
3. Differentiate among three levels of management, and
understand the tasks and responsibilities of managers
at different levels in the organizational hierarchy
4. Distinguish between three kinds of managerial skill,
and explain why managers are divided into different
departments to perform their tasks more efficiently and
effectively.
5. 1-5
Learning Objectives
5. Discuss some major changes in management
practices today that have occurred as a result of
globalization and the use of advanced information
technology (IT).
6. Discuss the principal challenges managers face in
today’s increasingly competitive global environment
6. 1-6
What is Management?
• All managers work in organizations
• Organizations – collections of people
who work together and coordinate their
actions to achieve a wide variety of goals
7. 1-7
Question?
What is a person responsible for
supervising the use of an organization’s
resources to meet its goals?
A. Team leader
B. Manager
C. President
D. Resource allocator
8. 1-8
Managers
Managers –
– The people responsible for supervising the
use of an organization’s resources to meet
its goals
9. 1-9
What is Management?
The planning, organizing, leading, and
controlling of human and other resources
to achieve organizational goals effectively
and efficiently
10. 1-10
What is Management?
– Resources include people, skills, know-how
and experience, machinery, raw materials,
computers and IT, patents, financial capital,
and loyal customers and employees
13. 1-13
Organizational Performance
Efficiency
– A measure of how well or how productively
resources are used to achieve a goal
Effectiveness
– A measure of the appropriateness of the
goals an organization is pursuing and the
degree to which they are achieved.
14. 1-14
Why study management?
1. The more efficient and effective use of
scarce resources that organizations
make of those resources, the greater
the relative well-being and prosperity of
people in that society
15. 1-15
Why study management?
2. Helps people deal with their bosses
and coworkers
3. Opens a path to a well-paying job and
a satisfying
career
16. 1-16
Managerial Tasks
• Managers at all levels in all organizations
perform each of the four essential
managerial tasks of planning, organizing,
leading, and controlling
19. 1-19
Steps in the Planning Process
• Deciding which goals the organization
will pursue
• Deciding what courses of action to
adopt to attain those goals
• Deciding how to allocate organizational
resources
21. 1-21
Organizing
Task managers perform to create a
structure of working relationships that
allow organizational members to interact
and cooperate to achieve organizational
goals
22. 1-22
Organizing
• Involves grouping people into
departments according to the kinds of
job-specific tasks they perform
• Managers lay out lines of authority and
responsibility
• Decide how to coordinate organizational
resources
23. 1-23
Organizational Structure
A formal system of task and reporting
relationships that coordinates and
motivates members so that they work
together to achieve organizational goals
24. 1-24
Leading
Articulating a clear organizational vision for
its members to accomplish, and energize
and enable employees so that everyone
understands the part they play in
achieving organizational goals
25. 1-25
Leading
• Leadership involves using power,
personality, and influence, persuasion,
and communication skills
• Outcome of leadership is highly
motivated and committed workforce
26. 1-26
Controlling
• Task of managers is to evaluate how well
an organization has achieved its goals
and to take any corrective actions
needed to maintain or improve
performance
– The outcome of the control process is the ability to
measure performance accurately and regulate
organizational efficiency and effectiveness
27. 1-27
Decisional Roles
Roles associated with methods managers use in planning
strategy and utilizing resources.
– Entrepreneur—deciding which new projects or programs to
initiate and to invest resources in.
– Disturbance handler—managing an unexpected event or
crisis.
– Resource allocator—assigning resources between
functions and divisions, setting the budgets of lower
managers.
– Negotiator—reaching agreements between other
managers, unions, customers, or shareholders.
28. 1-28
Interpersonal Roles
Roles that managers assume to provide direction and
supervision to both employees and the organization as
a whole.
– Figurehead—symbolizing the organization’s mission
and what it is seeking to achieve.
– Leader—training, counseling, and mentoring high
employee performance.
– Liaison—linking and coordinating the activities of
people and groups both inside and outside the
organization.
29. 1-29
Informational Roles
Roles associated with the tasks needed to obtain and
transmit information in the process of managing the
organization.
– Monitor—analyzing information from both the internal
and external environment.
– Disseminator—transmitting information to influence the
attitudes and behavior of employees.
– Spokesperson—using information to positively
influence the way people in and out of the organization
respond to it.
31. 1-31
Areas of Managers
Department
– A group of managers and employees who
work together and possess
similar skills
or use the same
knowledge, tools,
or techniques
32. 1-32
Levels of Management
• First line managers - Responsible for daily
supervision of the non-managerial employees who
perform many of the specific activities necessary to
produce goods and services
• Middle managers - Supervise first-line
managers. Responsible for finding the best way to
organize human and other resources to achieve
organizational goals
33. 1-33
Levels of Management
• Top managers –
• Responsible for the performance of all departments
and have cross-departmental responsibility.
• Establish organizational goals and monitor middle
managers
• Decide how different departments should interact
• Ultimately responsible for the success or failure of
an organization
34. 1-34
Levels of Management
• Chief executive officer (CEO) is
company’s most senior and important
manager
• Central concern is creation of a smoothly
functioning top-management team
– CEO, COO, Department heads
35. 1-35
Relative Amount of Time That Managers Spend on
the Four Managerial Functions
Figure 1.4
36. 1-36
Question?
What skill is the ability to understand, alter,
lead, and control the behavior of other
individuals and groups?
A. Conceptual
B. Human
C. Technical
D. Managerial
37. 1-37
Managerial Skills
• Conceptual skills
– The ability to analyze and diagnose a situation and
distinguish between cause and effect.
• Human skills
– The ability to understand, alter, lead, and control
the behavior of other individuals and groups.
• Technical skills
– Job-specific skills required to perform a particular
type of work or occupation at a high level.
39. 1-39
Core Competency
Specific set of departmental skills, abilities,
knowledge and experience that allows
one organization to outperform its
competitors
40. 1-40
Restructuring
• Involves simplifying, shrinking, or
downsizing an organization’s operations
to lower operating costs
– Can reduce the morale of remaining
employees
41. 1-41
Outsourcing
• Contracting with another company, usually in
a low cost country abroad, to perform a work
activity the company previously performed
itself
• Increases efficiency by lowering operating
costs, freeing up money and resources that
can now be used in more effective ways
43. 1-43
Self-managed teams
Groups of employees who assume
collective responsibility for organizing,
controlling, and supervising their own
work activities
44. 1-44
Discussion Question
What is the biggest challenge for
management in a Global Environment?
A. Building a Competitive Advantage
B. Maintaining Ethical Standards
C. Managing a Diverse Workforce
D. Global Crisis Management
45. 1-45
Challenges for Management in
a Global Environment
• Rise of Global Organizations.
• Building a Competitive Advantage
• Maintaining Ethical Standards
• Managing a Diverse Workforce
• Utilizing Information Technology and
Technologies
• Global Crisis Management
46. 1-46
Building Competitive Advantage
• Competitive Advantage – ability of one
organization to outperform other
organizations because it produces
desired goods or services more
efficiently and effectively than its
competitors
48. 1-48
Building Competitive Advantage
• Increasing efficiency
– Reduce the quantity of resources used to
produce goods or services
• Increasing Quality
– Improve the skills and abilities of the
workforce
– Introduce total quality management
49. 1-49
Building Competitive Advantage
• Increasing speed, flexibility, and
innovation
– How fast a firm can bring new products to
market
– How easily a firm can change or alter the
way they perform their activities
50. 1-50
Building Competitive Advantage
• Innovation
– Process of creating new or improved goods
and services that customers want
– Developing better ways to produce or
provide goods and services
51. 1-51
Turnaround Management
• Difficult and complex management task
• Done under conditions of great
uncertainty
• Risk of failure is greater for a troubled
company
• More radical restructuring necessary
52. 1-52
Maintaining Ethical and Socially
Responsible Standards
• Managers are under considerable
pressure to make the best use of
resources
• Too much pressure may induce
managers to behave unethically, and
even illegally
53. 1-53
Managing a Diverse Workforce
• To create a highly trained and motivated
workforce managers must establish
HRM procedures that are legal, fair and
do not discriminate against
organizational members
54. 1-54
Global Crisis Management
May be the result of:
• Natural causes
• Manmade causes
• International terrorism
• Geopolitical conflicts