The document outlines strategies for managing small to medium business operations, focusing on project management, human resource planning, effective work habits, financial interpretation, and performance evaluation. Key concepts include identifying daily work requirements, monitoring resources, and developing work habits that enhance productivity and organizational effectiveness. It emphasizes the importance of communication, teamwork, and adapting to changing business needs for optimal performance.

1. MANAGE AND MAINTAIN SMALL/MEDIUM
BUSINESS OPERATIONS
SET BY I.ZERIHUN G.
MANAGE AND MAINTAIN SMALL/MEDIUM
BUSINESS OPERATIONS
MANAGE AND MAINTAIN SMALL/MEDIUM
BUSINESS OPERATIONS
LEVEL IV
UNIT OF COPETENCE/UC

2.  CONTENTS…
1. Identify Daily Work Requirements
2. Monitor And Manage Work
3. Develop Effective Work Habits
4. Interpret Financial Information
5. Evaluate Work Performance
10 April 2022

3. I. Identify daily work requirements
 Work requirements for a given time period are identified taking into
consideration resources and constraints
 The Value of Project Management
 Allows for excellent organization and tracking
 Better control and use of resources
 Reduces complexity of inter-related tasks
 Allows measurement of outcome versus plans
 Early identification of problems and quick correction
 Based on the Project Management Institute’s Project Management Body of
Knowledge: PMBOK_ knowledge areas: Scope, Time, Cost, Risk, Integration,
Quality, Procurement, Communications, Human Resources, Integration.
9 April 2022

4. Project. . .
 A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product or service
 Limited funds/time
 Specific resources utilized
 Performed by people - Single or multi-person team
 Planned, controlled
The Triple Constraint of Projects
On Time, Budget, Quality = Required Scope
9 April 2022
Time
Quality
Cost

5. Stakeholder
 Stakeholder
9 April 2022
Maintenan
ce
Support
System
Engineering
Procurement
Finance
PROJECT MANAGER
PROJECT LEADER
USERS
PROJECT SPONSOR
CONTRACTORS
Sales

6. Project Time Planning
 Three Methods of Estimating Effort_
 1. Professional Judgment
 Requires an expert
 Requires experience
 Good memory
 2. History
 Look at tables of past actual on major tasks
 Interpolate
 Requires professional judgment
 Requires good history (which changes!)
 3. Formula
3.1 Variables
 Determine major variable factors (task, person)
 Using measurement determine formula of factors
 Interview and plug into formula
3.2 Function Points
 Using measurement establish time for each one
9 April 2022

7. Resource Assignment
 Assigning Resources
 Availability
 Skills
 More experienced people
 Less experienced people
 Desire
 Similar tasks to one person to use learning curve
 Assign critical tasks to most reliable people
 Tasks that need interaction or are similar
 Same person
 Two who communicate
 Personality and team communication does matter
 and again, Availability
9 April 2022

8. 1.2. Work activities are prioritized based on business needs, requirements and deadlines
 The organization Uses:-
 Technical or specialist skills relevant to the business operation
 Planning techniques to establish realistic timelines and priorities
 Identification of relevant performance measures
 Quality assurance principles and methods
 If appropriate, work is allocated to relevant staff or contractors to optimize
efficiency
9 April 2022

9. 2. Monitor and manage work
 2.1 People, resources and/or equipment are coordinated to
provide optimum results Manpower Planning
 Manpower Planning or Human Resources Planning This is the key to
getting the right people for the right jobs and hence it is extremely important.
 Manpower Planning is “the process by which a management determines how an
organization should move from its current manpower position to its desired manpower
position. Through planning, a management strives to have the right number and the right
kinds of people at the right places, at the right time, to do things which result in both the
organization and the individual receiving the maximum long-range benefit.
 Human Resource Planning includes the estimation of how many qualified people are
necessary to carry out the assigned activities, how many people will be available, and
what if anything must be done to ensure that personnel supply equals personnel demand
at the appropriate point in the future.
9 April 2022

10. Features of HRP
 HRP is a process which includes various aspects through which an organization tries to
ensure that right people, at right place, and at right time are available.
 It involves determination of future needs of manpower in the light of organizational
planning and structure.
 It also takes into account the manpower availability at a future period in the Organization.
9 April 2022

11. HRP contributes in the following ways:
1. Defining future personnel need.
2. Coping with changes.
3. Providing base for developing talent.
4. Increasing investment in human resources.
5. Forcing the management to involve in HRM.
9 April 2022

12. HR’s responsibility
 To assist, counsel and pressurize the Top management to plan and establish objectives.
 To collect and summarize data with the long term objective of total business plan.
 To monitor and measure performance against the plan and keep the top management
informed about it; and
 To provide research necessary for effective manpower and organizational planning.
9 April 2022

13. Objectives of HRP
a) Obtains and retains the quality and quantity, of Human Resource it needs
at the right time and right place
b) Makes optimal utilization of these resources.
9 April 2022

14. Benefits of HRP
 Manpower planning ensures optimum use of available human resource.
 It is useful both for organization and nation.
 It generates facilities to educate people in the organization.
 It boosts the geographical mobility of labor.
 It provides smooth working even after expansion of the organization.
 It creates healthy atmosphere of encouragement and motivation in the organization.
 Training becomes effective.
 It provides help for career development of the employees.
9 April 2022

15. 2.2 Equipment Management
 Equipment operations and management
 Safety
 Utilization
 Technology
 Equipment productivity
 Site Conditions
 Operator
 Site Layout
 Maintenance
 Equipment costs
 Operation costs
 Acquisition costs (ownership )
10 April 2022

16. 2.3 Resource Management
10 April 2022
RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT
Activity
Design
Site Layout
Project size
Safety
Requirements
Design
Sophistication
Automation
Human interaction
Communication
Skilled
labor
Operating
Environment
Hazards
Project
Objectives
Weather
Nature of
Job
RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT

17. Resource Management. . .
 Staff, clients and/or contractors are communicated with in a clear and regular manner, to
monitor work in relation to business goals or timelines.
 Problem solving techniques are applied to work situations to overcome difficulties and
achieve positive outcomes
10 April 2022

18. 3. Develop effective work habits
 The following points are to contribute the development of effective work habits_
 Work and personal priorities are identified and a balance is achieved between
competing priorities using appropriate time management strategies.
 Input from internal and external sources is sought and used to develop and refine
new ideas and approaches.
 Business or inquiries are responded to promptly and effectively.
 Information is presented in a format appropriate to the industry and audience.
10 April 2022

19. 20 good points to develop effective work habits
1. Punctual_ Be punctual for work. Even better, be early. Start the day feeling relaxed and settled.
2. Initiative_ Take the initiative to get things done
3. Neat, tidy and clean_ Make sure your workstation is neat, clean and pleasant.
4. Organized_ The best indicator is to see if your tray, desk, drawers and cabinets are cluttered
and messy or well-labeled and orderly.
5. Systematic_ A good system smoothens work processes. Generally, established companies have
a standard operating procedure (SOP) manual as a guideline. If all you have are
verbal instructions, develop your own checklist of how a task should be done
6. Efficient_ Some people are naturally efficient. You can develop this skill by thinking things
through. By doing so, you will know how processes can be done in a faster, smarter
and more convenient way
10 April 2022

20. 20 good points to develop effective work habits
7. Problem solving_ Understand what you are doing and improvise on existing work processes.
Give feedback, ideas and suggestions to colleagues and clients to help them
come up with solutions.
8. Follow-up_ This does not mean chasing people after a day’s notice. Give them a gentle
reminder after a space of three days. Most people understand urgency and will help
you expedite matters if you underline the importance of the deadline.
9. Fast_ Learn to work fast on routine jobs. But this does not mean rushing to get things done.
10. Accuracy_ Learn to pay attention to details especially if you are dealing with numbers and
dates.
11. Fewer mistakes_ Everybody makes mistakes, but you should aim to make fewer mistakes on
routine jobs. Always be mindful that some mistakes come with a cost
12. Paperwork_ Be good in your paperwork. Clear paperwork as soon as possible and keep all
your files updated
10 April 2022

21. 20 good points to develop effective work habits
13. Interpersonal_ Be friendly, pleasant and have a positive attitude towards your colleagues and your
boss.
14. Teamwork_ Be a team player. Be willing to share ideas, work experience, information, and
templates. This is how you build trust with each other.
15. Office etiquette_ Don’t spend too much time on personal calls, e-mails, text messages or tea
breaks.
16. Writing_ Work on your letter writing and report writing skills. The only way to do this is to
write more.
17. Reading_ Equally important is the ability to read, comprehend and grasp the essentials —
concepts, facts, figures and instructions.
18. Priority_ Know what is important and what can be shelved. Stay focused, keep to your
deadlines, plan your work for the day and the week and allow some flexibility for last-minute
projects.
19. Filing_ This is important as you may need to retrieve documents or answer questions by your
superiors immediately, and they cannot be kept waiting. This applies to both physical files in
the cabinet as well as files on your computer.
20. Responsibility_ Know your level of responsibility with the work site and take ownership for
your job scope and inventory. 10 April 2022

22. 4. Interpret financial information
 The following points are used to interpret financial information
 Relevant documents and reports are identified
 Documents and reports are read and understood and any implications discussed
with appropriate persons
 Data and numerical calculations are analyzed, checked, evaluated and organized.
 Daily financial records and cash flow are maintained correctly and in accordance
with legal and accounting requirements
 Invoices and payments are prepared and distributed in a timely manner and in
accordance with legal requirements.
 Outstanding accounts are collected or followed-up on
10 April 2022

23. 5. Evaluate work performance
 The following points are used to interpret financial information
 Opportunities for improvements are monitored according to business demands
 Work schedules are adjusted to incorporate necessary modifications to existing
work and routines or changing needs and requirements
 Proposed changes are clearly communicated and recorded to aid in future
planning and evaluation
 Relevant codes of practice are used to guide an ethical approach to workplace
practices and decisions
10 April 2022

24. 10 April 2022