it is about you can enhance masonry building from earthquake to stay those building as a heritages

1. Seismic retrofitting of structures
in Sulaimani
Prepared by Enrico Tubaldi, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow, UK
Presented by Mohammed H. Karim

2. outline
 Overview of seismic retrofitting techniques
 Type of Focused Buildings
 Existing methods for masonry Structure
 Existing methods for RC Structure

3. Overview of seismic retrofitting techniques
 Aiming to ;
 Seismic capacity > seismic demand imposed by earthquakes
 Seismic retrofit
 Increasing seismic capacity of buildings
 Increasing of strength and ductility
 Reducing seismic demand imposed
 Reducing input energy
 Increasing of dissipated energy
 Seismic Retrofit techniques
 Global Level
 Local Level

4. Types of targeted building
Masonry heritage houses in old city Modern apartment buildings with
additions
Modern single-story houses Commercial buildings in city center

5. Existing methods of Strengthening of
Masonry Structure
 Repointing of mortar and reinforcing joints
 Tie Rods
 Buttresses
 Textile-reinforced mortar (TRM) system
 Retrofitting with geosynthetic, plastic or metallic meshes
 SismaCalce (Seismically reinforced lime plaster)
 Polypropylene (PP) bands
 Chicken wire mesh
 Reinforcement with scrap car tires
 More sustainable and natural materials

6. Repointing of mortar and reinforcing joints

7. Tie Rods
 Better connection between structural elements at floor level
 Achieve a sort of a box-type behavior of the entire structure
 Avoidance of out-of-plane mechanisms

8. Buttresses
 To counteract horizontal forces in earthquakes
 •Can be made with the same material as original structure
 •Suitable for low-rise structures

9. Textile-reinforced mortar (TRM) system
 Open weaved fabric made of long fibers (e.g., glass, basalt, or carbon) in at least two directions
inorganic mortar matrix.
 • Applied similarly to FRPs, but it is cheaper.
 • Applications for improving both out-of-plane and in plane behavior

10. Retrofitting with geosynthetic, plastic or metallic meshes
 Similiter concept to the textile reinforced mortar system but replacing
 After the original plaster is removed, a synthetic mesh is applied to the surface of the wall and then replastered
 Increase ductility and strengthen

11. SismaCalce (Seismically reinforced lime plaster)
 Glass fiber-reinforcing mesh with fibers laid in four directions embedded in a lime plaster matrix

12. Polypropylene (PP) bands
 an inexpensive, durable, strong, and widely available material, commonly used for packing
 Increase ductility of building

13. Chicken wire mesh
 thin chicken wire mesh behaves like reinforcement and helps to make a stronger bond between a
brick wall and plaster
 Its hexagonal shape prevents the formation of internal stresses
 it has high durability and strength.

14. Reinforcement with scrap car tires
 Plastering removed to form a canal for the strips.
 Strips covered by plastering or high quality mortar
 improves ductility and energy consumption capacity of the walls
 increases displacement capacity of the walls

15. More sustainable and natural materials
 Instead of using mesh, using bamboo ties, ropes, mats are possible to enhance structure.

16. Strengthening of masonry structures
 Comparison of techniques in terms of cost

17. Existing methods for Strengthening RC
structure
 RC infilling/Buttresses
 RC jacketing using GFRPs
 Strengthening of infill walls with textile reinforced mortar
 Visco-elastic dampers
 Rubber joints for infill-wall protection and added damping

18. RC infilling/Buttresses
 RC infilling transforms a bay into a shear wall by filling it with reinforced concrete.
 Buttresses are RC walls added adjacent to existing frame.
 Connection to the existing frame is achieved through dowels anchored in the beams and columns
and embedded in the web of the new wall.

19. RC infilling/Buttresses

20. RC jacketing using GFRPs
 Mainly increase ductility of building more specifically columns
 Using Glass fiber reinforced polymers

21. RC jacketing using GFRPs

22. Strengthening of infill walls with textile reinforced
mortar
 a new generation of composites, combining TRM with advanced thermal insulation materials or systems
offered new avenues for the concurrent seismic and energy retrofitting of existing building envelopes

23. Visco-elastic dampers
 High damping viscoelastic material in the annular gap between concentric tubes
 dissipates the building's mechanical energy by converting it into heat
 Behavior quite sensitive to temperature

24. Rubber joints for infill-wall protection
 Decoupling of infill walls from frame
 Enhanced behavior under in-plane and out-of-plane loading
 Low-cost technique if recycled rubber is used

25. Thank you!