Introduction And Strength against Seismic Loading

2. CARBON FIBER REINFORCEMENT
( And Its Rule Against Seismic Loading)
Supervisor: Sir Engr. Muhammad Bilal
OR
CARBOCRETE

3. Section C
Semester 7th
Group No 3
Naqeeb Ullah Khan Niazi 107
Muhammad Adnan 94
Syed M Tajdar Hussain 125
Haroon Khan Niazi 56
M.Tahir 103

4. What Is Carbocrete?
History Of Carbon Fibers
Manufacturing Of Carbon Fibers
Carbon Fibers Vs. Steel
Carbon Fibers In Construction
Properties Of Carbocrete
Factors Affecting The Properties
Carbocrete Against Earthquake Activity
Advantages & Disadvantages
Applications
Conclusion
References
OUTLINE

5. What is Carbocrete?
It is a type of
concrete that is
reinforced with
carbon fibers so it’s
also known as
“Carbon Reinforced
Concrete”.
It is a new highly stress
able lightweight
composite construction
that combines high-
strength concrete and
carbon fibers.
It has higher
strength than
steel with
quarter of its
weight.

6. History of
Carbon
Fibers
In late 1800s,
Thomas Edison
was the first to
use carbon fibers
as filaments for
early light bulbs.
It lacked the
high tensile
strength of
today’s
carbon fibers;
however he
used it
because of
their high
tolerance to
heat which
made these
fibers ideal
for
conducting
electricity.
Thomas Edison
Filament

7. History of
Carbon
Fibers
It wasn’t until
the late 1950
that high-
performance
carbon fibers
was
manufactured by
Mitsubishi
Rayon.
The USA’s
Air Force
and NASA
didn’t wait
develop the
carbon
fiber
technology
and began
to use
carbon
fiber
reinforced
polymers
to replace
heavy
metals to
allow
aircrafts to
be lighter
and faster.
Carbon fiber aircraft propeller

8. Raw carbon fiber is made
from petroleum coal.
These fossil-fuel- based
materials come from
either petroleum refining
or natural gas processing.
Manufacturing of
Carbon Fibers

9. Manufacturing of Carbon Fibers
1st: in the thermoset treatment, the fibers are stretched and heated to no more
than 400° C
2nd: in the carbonize treatment, the fibers are heated to about 800° C in an
oxygen free environment to remove non-carbon impurities.
3rd: fibers are graphitized; this step stretches the fibers between 50 to 100%
elongation, and heats them to temperatures ranging from 1100° C to 3000° C.
The stretching ensures a preferred crystalline texture, which results in the
desired tensile strength.
4th: the last two treatment steps, surface treatment and epoxy sizing, are
preformed to enhance the carbon fiber bonding strength.

11. Carbon Fiber
in Construction
Carbon fibers are mostly used for repair
purposes of old structural element
against shear and flexure failure; the
material know as CFRP.
However, in the early 1990s, researches
showed that carbon fibers can be used
inside the concrete instead of steel
reinforcement showing a significant
improvement in the flexural and tensile
strength of concrete.

12. Physical & Chemical Properties of Carbon
Fiber
Tenacity 1.8 -2.4 (KN/mm2 )
Density 1.95 gm/cc
Elongation at break 0.5%
Elasticity Not good
Resiliency Not good
Ability to protest friction Good
Color Black
Protection against flame Excellent.
Ability to protest Heat Good
Lustre Like silky
Effect of Bleaching Sodium hypochlorite slightly
oxidized carbon fiber.
Effect of Sun light Do not change carbon
fiber.
Protection ability against insects Do not harm to
carbon fiber.

13. Factors Affecting the Properties of FRC
Volume of fiber
Aspect Ratio of fiber
Orientation of fibers
Relative fiber matrix
Workability and
Compaction of
Concrete
Size of Coarse
Aggregate
Mixing

14. Carbocrete Against Earthquake Activity
What is an
Earthquake
An earthquake is the sudden, rapid shaking or rolling of the Earth.
Earthquakes happen when rocks break or slip along fault lines in the
Earth’s crust, releasing energy that causes the ground to move.
SEISMIC
WAVES
Seismic waves are the
waves of energy
caused by the sudden
breaking of rock
within the earth or an
explosion. They are
the energy that travels
through the earth and
is recorded on
seismographs.
Types of seismic waves

15. Buildings In Earthquake Zones
Deep Foundations
Overlapping Bricks
Strong Lintels
What makes a building strong?
Earthquake
Measurement
Scales

16. Fiber Reinforcement
Against
Seismic Loading
These fabrics are installed
in buildings, bridges and
other structures.
The result is bonded FRP
reinforcement system
engineered to increase the
structural performance.
Once installed this system
delivers bonded
reinforcement with
outstanding long-term
physical and mechanical
properties.
Low aesthetic impact
Extremely durable
Excellent resistance to creep and fatigue
High strength to weight ratio
Feature CFRP In Seismic Loading
Increase the strength of concrete pipes, tanks chimneys and tunnels
Restore structural capacity to damaged or decline concrete
structures
Improve the seismic performance of masonry shear walls
Improve the seismic response of concrete beam-column connections
Improve the seismic ductility of concrete columns
Increase load bearing capacity of concrete beams, slabs, walls and
columns
Improvement Against Seismic Loading

17. Advantages of Carbon Fiber
High tensile strength
Smaller cross-sections
Earthquake resistance Higher durability
Low weight
Easy to handle
High flexibility
More creative architectural
design
Suitable for highway
construction
Low coefficient of thermal
expansion
High fire resistance

18. Disadvantages of Carbon
Fiber
The main disadvantage of carbon
fiber is its cost.
This fiber will cause some forms
of cancer of the lungs.
Lack of knowledge
Absence of codes
No implementations yet

19. APPLICATIONS
Residential: Including driveways, basements,, foundations,
drainage, etc.
Commercial: Exterior and interior floors, slabs and parking
areas.
Warehouse / industrial: Light to heavy duty loaded floors and
roadways
Highways / roadways / bridges: barrier rails, curb.
Ports and airports: Runways, taxiways, aprons, seawalls.
Waterways: Dams, ditches, storm-water structures, etc.
Mining and tunneling: Precast segments which may include
tunnel lining, slope stabilization, sewer work, etc.
Agriculture: Farm and animal storage structures, paving, etc.

20. CONCLUSION
Carbocrete pushed the limits of creativity and flexibility in design.
Made it possible to build unique structures that can withstand very high
loads.
Save maintenance costs on the long run.