The document discusses simple present, past and future tenses in English grammar. It provides background on the importance of grammar and defines tense. It then examines the three tenses in more detail, outlining their functions and formulas. For simple past tense, it is used to express past events and actions. Simple present tense expresses present or habitual actions. Simple future tense expresses future plans using will or be going to. Examples are provided for the formulas of each tense.

1. MAKALAH
BAHASA INGGRIS
SIMPLE PRESENT,PAST AND FUTURE
Dosenpengampu:
Kholifuddin Roma M.pd.
Disusun oleh:
1. Feni Fatimah (12215002)
2. Khoirul Islami (12215148)
3. Manisa (12215012)
4.Erik Kurniawan (12215123)
MANAJEMEN BISNIS SYARIAH
FAKULTAS EKONOMI BISNIS ISLAM
INSTITUT AGAMA ISLAM NEGERI (IAIN)
PONTIANAK
2022/2023

2. PREFACE
Praise be to Allah SWT for the blessings of his grace, and that we were given the
opportunity to be able to compile a working paper entitled “SIMPLE PRESENT, PAST AND
FUTURE” is properly and correctly, and on time. Shalawat and greetings always devoted to the
prophet Muhammad SAW.
This paper was created as an assignment to complete the learning process in an English
course. Don't forget thank to lecturer English course, namely Mr. Kholifuddin Roma M.Pd. who
have many professors help compilers in order to complete this paper. Hopefully this paper can
give a broader insight to the reader. Although this paper has advantage and disadvantages.
Pontianak, 08 October 2022
Authors
2

3. Table of Contents
PREFACE....................................................................................................................................................1
Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................................ 3
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 4
1.1 Backgroundof The Paper ................................................................................................................... 4
1.2 Problem Formulation......................................................................................................................... 5
1.3 Purpose of the paper .......................................................................................................................... 5
CHAPTER II DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................................... 6
2.1 Grammar ............................................................................................................................................. 6
2.2 Tense ................................................................................................................................................... 6
2.3 Simple Past tense ............................................................................................................................... 7
2.4. Simple Present Tense ......................................................................................................................... 9
2.5. Simple Future................................................................................................................................... 10
CHAPTER III CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................... 12
3.1 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................ 12
3.2 Suggest.............................................................................................................................................. 12
BIBLIOGRAPHY ..................................................................................................................................... 13
3

4. CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Backgroundof The Paper
English is considered the official language to be used in the world. The worldwide
integration that national borderlines are getting wider and the interaction among people around
the world has made the requirement for a good mastery of the language indispensable. One
requirement to understand English is to know how grammar. It is one of the things that can be
very intricate in understanding grammar is tense. Tense in English means ‘time’. In the
discussion of grammar, these are applied to talk about diversities of substitution in sentence
patterns that is connected to the time of circumstances of the events expressed in the sentence.
For example, the same event will be described differently if the time of occurrence is different.
The way of expressing evets that are happening now will be different from what happened in
the past and will be different from events that will occurre in the future.
In discussing grammar, when talking about tense, it means talking about diversities or
substitution in sentence patterns with respect to the time of circumstance of the events
expressed by sentences. For example, the same event or action will be expressed differently if
the time of occurrence is different. Tense tells us the events setting that affects the verbs in the
sentence. The way of expressing events that are happening now will be different from what
happened in the past and will be different from what will happen in the future.
Grammar is the analysis of the way to arrange words that have certain form into a
proper sentence. It is a group of fundamental orders organizing the patterns of clauses,
pharases, and words in natural language. Grammar to determine weather a sentence has
standard format or not. These are some understanding of grammar and tense from the experts.
Brown states that grammar competence is a major component of communication that has an
important position.1 Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary states that grammar is the rules in
a language for changing the form of words and combining them into sentences.2 Klein states
1 H. Douglas Brown, Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy, 2nd ed. New York:
Longman, 2001, p.96.
2 Albert Sydney Hornby and Jonathan Crowther, Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English. Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 1999, p. 517.
4

5. tense is grammaticalized expression of location in time, usually with reference to the present
moment that something occurred rather than how long it occurred for, which is realized by
verb inflection, while aspect is concerned with the internal temporal constituency of the one
situation, the duration of the activity indicated by the verb.3
Tense is the form a verb takes to show the time happened. There are three main tenses.
They are past tense, present tense, and future tense. Simple past tense is used to express
action/events in past time. In some cases, past tense is used to describe past situation and
events. In addition, past form has a special use in reported speech or thought. Simple present
tense is a simple tense that shows the daily activities, habit, or a fact. This tense is used to talk
about things in general. We do not only think about now, but it is used to something in general.
Simple future is used to express future plans. Simple future tense is a form of tense to show an
event that has not started and will only happen in the future. This tense refers to an action that
will be done after now.
1.2 Problem Formulation
a. What is the simple present, past and future tense?
b. What is the function of the simple present, past and future tense?
c. What is the formulas of the simple present, past and future tense?
d. What are some examples of the simple present, past and future tense?
1.3 Purpose of the paper
a. To know the meaning of simple present, past and future tense.
b. To know function of the simple present, past and future tense.
c. To know formulas of the simple present, past and future tense.
d. To know some examples of the simple present, past and future tense.
3 Klein, W, Time in language, Routledge, 1994, p.3.
5

6. Chapter II
Discussion
2.1 Grammar
Grammar is a foundation in learning language. Basically, grammar is used in spoken
and written language. It covers four major: skills, listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
Brown states that grammar competence is a major component of communication that has an
important position.4 Gerot and Wignell state that grammar is a theory of a language of how
language is put together and how it works. Grammar is always present and that is why we all
learn grammar.5 Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary states that grammar is the rules in a
language for changing the form of words and combining them into sentences.6 Hughes explains
whether or not grammar has an important place in an institution’s teaching, it has to be accepted
that grammatical ability, or rather the lack of it, sets limits to what can be achieved in the way
of skill performances.7
2.2 Tense
Tense is a part of grammar and it is a system which is used to refer time past, present,
and future. Klein states tense is grammaticalized expression of location in time, usually with
reference to the present moment that something occurred rather than how long it occurred for,
which is realized by verb inflection, while aspect is concerned with the internal temporal
constituency of the one situation, the duration of the activity indicated by the verb.8 Tenses
have consistent relational values: anteriority, posteriority and simultaneity, with the present
moment as deictic center, past, present and future . Furthermore, Klein introduces the basic
time concept, which divided the time spans into ‘before’, ‘after’ and ‘included’ in the temporal
relationship between the TU (time of utterance) and the TT (topic time).9
4 H. Douglas Brown, Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy, 2nd ed. New York:
Longman, 2001, p.96.
5 Linda Gerot and Peter Wignell, Making Sense of Functional Grammar. Sydney: Gerd Stabler, 1994, p.54.
6 Albert Sydney Hornby and Jonathan Crowther, Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English. Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 1999, p. 517.
7 Hughes, Testing for Language Teachers, p.173
8 Klein, W, Time in language, Routledge, 1994, p.3.
9 Ibid, p.120.
6

7. 2.3 Simple Past tense
Simple past tense is used to express action/events in past time. Biber, Conrad and Leech
state that simple past tense is most often used in past time.10 In some cases, past tense is used
to describe past situation and events. In addition, past form has a special use in reported speech
or thought. Folse state that past tense, the most common devices used to indicate sequencing
of action are the use of time adverbials such as yesterday or before I arrived.11 Function simple
past in a sentence can be used:12
a. Declare an event or events that happened in the past and it also known when happened.
b. Declare an event that has been done and has been completed in same time in the past.
c. Declare an event, occurrence and action that has become a habit in the past.
d. Indicate events that occurred in the past that are known or stated through the question
of the time it occurred.
e. Expressing a habit that used to be done but ow has no longer done.
2.3.1 Formulas simple Past
Affirmative (+)
Subject + Verb2 (past tense)
S + Was/Were + Noun/Adjective/Preposition/Adverb
Negative (-)
Subject + Did + Not + Verb1
S + Was/Were + Not + Noun/Adjective/Preposition/Adverb
Interrogative (?)
Did + Subject + Verb1
Was/Were + S + Noun/Adjective/Preposition/Adverb
10 Biber, D, Conrad S, and Leech G, Student Grammar of Spoken and Written. Inggris: Pearson Education Limited,
2002, p.151.
11 Folse, K.S, Keys to Teaching Grammar to English Language Learners, Washington: The University of Michigan
Press, 2009, p.114.
12 Kam Chuan Aik and Kam Kai Hui, Longman Dictionary of Grammar and Usage, Singapore: Longman, 1992, p. 297
7

8. Examples sentence with no verb
Affirmative (+) Negative (-)
I
You
He
She
It
Was Busy.
His Friend.
At Home.
We
you
They
were
Interrogative (?)
Was
I
You
He
She
It
Busy?
His Friend?
At Home?
Were
We
You
They
Example sentence with verb
Affirmative (+) Negative (-)
I Played
You Started
We Watched
They Had
He Saw
She Did
It Went
I
You
He
She
It
Was Not
(Wasn’t)
Busy.
His Friend.
At Home.
We
You
They
Were Not
(weren’t)
I
Did not
(didn’t)
Play.
You Start.
We Watch.
They Have.
He See.
She Do.
it Go.

9. 8

10. Interrogative (?)
Did
I Play?
You Start?
We Watch?
They Have?
He See?
She Do?
It Go?
2.4. Simple Present Tense
According to Oxford Advanced, Learner’s Dictionary tense is any of the forms of a
verb that may be used to indicate the time of the action or state expressed by the verb. 13 Supono
states that simple present tense explains the event that happens at present or a habit/fact. 14 In
addition, Widjaja states that simple present tense is used to show the actions which are habitual
action, repeated actions, or general truth.15 The simple present tense function in a sentence can
be used:16
a. Stating event, action, or events that is usually done and has become a reality, or an
action that has become a habit.
b. Stating an event or occurrence that has generally occurred and cannot be refuted, or
state the general truth.
c. Expressing a request or order to a second person or interlocutor.
d. Declarating an event or event that are certain to occure (already scheduled) and will
occur or be implemented in the future.
e. Showing someone skills, abilities, character, or traits.
f. Quoting news, announcements, newspaper, books, or website. In this case, verbs are
often used, such as say advice, and warn.
g. Headlines in newspaper or magazine.
13 Hornby and Crowther, Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English, 1999, p.1231
14 Idi Supono, English Grammar, Jakarta: Wahyu Media, 2007, p.247
15 Widjaja, Grace, Complete English Grammar and The Exercise, Salatiga:Pt Buana Ilmu Populer, 2002, p.87
16 Mujahidah et al, Basic English For Young Learness, 2020, p.95.
9

11. h. In the narrative drama to describe the course of the story sequence and also used by
radio or television.
2.4.1. The formulas simple Present tense:
Affirmative (+)
S + V-1 (s/es) + O
S + Is/Am/Are + Nominal
Negative (-)
S + do/does + not + V-1 + O
S + Is/Am/Are + Not + Infinitive
Interrogative (?)
Do/does + S + V-1 + O
Is/Am/Are + S + O
Examples
Affirmative (+)
He writes a letter.
She is a clever student.
Negative (-)
He dont write a letter.
She is not a clever student.
Interrogative (?)
Does he write a letter?
Is he a clever student.
2.5. Simple Future
Simple future is used to express future plans. Yule states that the verb form that is
traditionally called ‘the future tense’ is actually expressed via a modal verb which indicate the
relative possibility of an event.17 Azar indicate that future events cover various actions and
things such as prediction, planning, and willingness. 18 It can be expressed with will and be
going to. However, in British English, shall is also frequently used to express a particular future
situation.19
Will is used expressing future facts, prediction, spontaneous decision, offering,
requesting, and promising, as well as agreeing and refusing.
Be going to is used to express future facts, prediction, and plans or arrangements.
17 Yule,G, Explaining English Grammar, New York: Oxford University, 2009, p.58.
18 Azar, B.S, Understanding and Using English Grammar, 3rd edn, New York:Longman, 2002, p.54.
19 Ibid. 56.
10

12. Shall can be used to make offerings.
The simple future tense function in a sentence can be used:
a. To express future facts. Future facts are things that will definetly happen because they
are always true. They are also called general truths.
b. Representing events or actions that are about to happen in the near future
c. Making guesses or predictions about the future
d. Thinking about future consequences, possibilities or conditions
e. give orders or make commands as in imperative sentences
2.5.2. Formula Simple Future
Affirmative (+)
Subject + Will/Shall + V1 + Object
Subject + To Be (Am/Is/Are) Going To + V1
Negative (-)
Subject + Will/Shall + Not + V1 + Object
Subject + To Be (Am/Is/Are) + Not + Going To + V1
Interrogative (?)
Will/Shall + Subject + V1 + Object
To Be (Am/Is/Are) + Subject + Going To + V1
Examples
Affirmative (+) He will play his favorite game.
Adam is going to sleep at hotel tonight.
Negative (-) He will not play his favorite game.
Adam is not going to sleep at hotel tonight.
Interrogative (?) Will he play his favorite game?
Is Adam going to sleep at hotel tonight?
11

13. CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION
3.1 Conclusion
Grammar is used in spoken and written language. It covers four major: skills, listening,
speaking, reading, and writing. Brown states that grammar competence is a major component
of communication that has an important position. Tense is a part of grammar and it is a system
which is used to expression of location in time, usually with reference to the present moment
that something occurred rather than how long it occurred for, which is realized by verb
inflection, while aspect is concerned with the internal temporal constituency of the one
situation, the duration of the activity indicated by the verb.
Simple past tense is used to express action/events in past time, and some cases past
tense is used to describe past situation and events. In addition, past form has a special use in
repored speech or thought. Simple present tense explains the event that happens at present or
a habit/fact. Stating event, action, or events that is usually done and has become a reality, or
an action that has become a habit. Simple future is used to express future plans. That future
events cover various actions and things such as prediction, planning, and willingness.
3.2 Suggest
We are as the writer want apology for the short of this paper. We know that this paper
is still from perfect. So that we need the suggest from the reader for the perfection of this paper.
Thank you very much for the reader.
12

14. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Albert Sydney Hornby and Jonathan Crowther. 1999. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of
Current English. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Azar. B.S. 2002. Understanding and Using English Grammar. 3rd edn. New York: Longman.
Biber. D. Conrad S. and Leech G. 2002. Student Grammar of Spoken and Written. Inggris: Pearson
Education Limited.
Cynthia. Cheryl Preethi. C. Isaac Jebastine. 2021. A Guided Inductive Approach to Teaching
Simple Future Tense in English Grammar. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies.
17(2). 1338-1344.
Folse. K.S. 2009. Keys to Teaching Grammar to English Languange Learners. Washington: The
University of Michigan Press.
Idi Supono. 2007. English Grammar. Jakarta: Wahyu Media.
Kam Chuan Aik and Kam Kai Hui. 1992. Longman Dictionary of Grammar and Usage.
Singapore: Longman.
Klein. W. 1994.Time in language. Routledge.
H. Douglas Brown.2001. Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language
Pedagogy. 2nd ed. New York: Longman.
Linda Gerot and Peter Wignell. 1994. Making Sense of Functional Grammar. Sydney: Gerd
Stabler.
Mayasari. Wan Julia. 2021. An Analysis of Students’ Mastery on Constructing Simple Present
Tense of English Education Department at STAIN Bengkalis. Kaisa: Jurnal Pendidikan dan
Pembelajaran. Vol. 1 No. 1.
Mujahidah et al. 2020. Basic English For Young Learness.
Widjaja. Grace. 2002. Complete English Grammar and The Exercise. Salatiga: PT. Buana Ilmu
Populer
13

15. Yule.G. 2009. Explaining English Grammar. New York: Oxford University.
Zhuang Xi. 2010. Grammar Learning and Teaching: Time. Tense and Verb. US-China Education
Review. Volume 7. No.12 (Serial No.73).

16. Question:
1. Yolanda Maharani
In the simple future,why in the example do some use will and some use going to?
Dalam simple future,mengapa dicontoh ada yang menggunakan will dan ada yang menggunakan
going to?
2. Ridho Rasyid Januardi
Why in negative sentences the simple past tense verb 2 Is changed to verb 1?
Mengapa didalam kalimat negatif simple past tense verb 2 diubah menjadi verb 1?
3. Dhea Imeldha
When can we use simple past tense?
Kapan kita bisa menggunakan simple past tense?
4. Fara Aulia Prisillah
The simple present tense formula has was/were,when was/were used?
Rumus simple present tense ada was/were,kapan penggunaan was/were?
5. Fitri Auliannisa
When to use will and shall in the simple future tense?
Kapan penggunaan will dan shall dalam simple future tense?
6. Adewidha Hanifa Safira
Is there a subject that follows the verb shall in the simple future tense?
Apakah ada subjek yang mengikuti kata kerjanya shall dalam simple future tense?