Macro Economics- Group Presentation for Germany
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Using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information to make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States.
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Germany
Germany has experienced significant political and economic changes throughout its history. It transitioned from independent states to unification in 1871 under Prussian leadership. Germany became a powerful nation but lost World Wars I and II, after which it was divided until 1990. Germany is now a highly developed economy and is the largest in the European Union. It plays an important leadership role in the EU and organizations like the G7 and G20. Germany has a skilled workforce and remains one of the top global exporters and traders.
Germany final
Germany has a population of over 82 million people and Berlin is its capital and largest city. It has a strong economy as the fifth largest in the world by GDP. Germany has experienced much division and reunification over the centuries. Some of its most popular tourist destinations include Neuschwanstein Castle, Leipzig, and Oktoberfest in Munich. Germany has a federal parliamentary republic government and has maintained relative political stability with the Christian Democratic Union and Social Democratic Party as the dominant political forces.
At the inception of 1989 barley anyone in Germany, both in the wes.docx
At the inception of 1989 barley anyone in Germany, both in the west and east, had prophesied that the 40th anniversary of the GDR in the fall would furthermore be its last, that the Berlin Wall would promptly fade and that Germany, which remained divided into two states, would be United. No individual had thought that, as a result, the political constellations that had ordered post-War European politics elongated than forty years would cease. But everything changed; all at once history would start to just take off at that kind pace. (The fall of the Wall and German reunification)The expedition of the developments also caught spectators by shock. A brief ten months after the collapse of the Berlin Wall the negotiation of the ultimate settlement was acknowledged on September 12, 1990, this would cover the process for the reunification of Germany.
In Consequence Of the Fact, German Unity, which in legal terminologies was concluded on October 3, 1990 with the extension of five federal states "to the area of validity of the Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany," (Facts about Germany) triggered abundant shared satisfaction, buoyed by the assurance of being capable to shoulder the responsibilities of the unification process. What emerged though was what Bertolt Brecht once termed "the trudge across the flatlands." The hurdles many Germans possessed with their newly achieved sovereignty were the consequences; scarcely anyone had been expecting it, later at the rate in which it took off - no individual was used to.
The value of German Unity increased still faster despite its most skeptical evaluations had expected. The people in the east had to strengthen the social accountability of unity and, naturally, the people in the west had to shoulder the financial aspects
As the economic alliance move onward, elements that had been recognized but inadequately appreciated in advancement began to surface. There was widespread perplexity about property titles. More than 2 million applications on properties within the territory of the late Global Depository Receipt existed designated deadline of December 31, 1992. As more claimants emerged, with countless winning positions in the courts, potential investors were commonly alarmed and determined that investing may not be a intelligent move after all.
A Further barrier was that East German manufactured product price had been considerably high-priced. The exchange prices of East German marks to deutsche marks oftentimes retained high costs, as did the early pay trade-offs, which concluded in salaries being considerably above the productivity level. Western German firms discovered it simpler and more affordable to work with the eastern German markets by increasing production in western facilities.
The third predicament was the inadequate infrastructure also presented a predicament for the various possible investors. Telephone service was developed somewhat gradually; several investors also protested.
economics presentation-1.pptx
Germany has the largest economy in Europe based on GDP. It transformed from a largely rural economy in the 1800s to a modern industrial powerhouse by 1900, led by heavy industries. Today, Germany excels in automobiles, machinery, chemicals and electrical equipment and has a highly skilled labor force and focus on innovation. While Germany faces challenges like an aging population and dependence on exports, it has a strong economy based on principles of social market economy, investment in infrastructure and education, and a culture of transparency and low corruption.
Germany PestleIntroductionThe republic of Germany contains six.docx
Germany Pestle
Introduction
The republic of Germany contains sixteen states that cover a three hundred and fifty-seven thousand and twenty-one square kilometers. The country has a population of eighty-one million eight hundred people. It is among the highest populated countries in Europe. It is also among the leading countries in terms of technology. Germany is the fourth largest in economic sector in the world. It is the second biggest exporter of good to other countries and is the third largest importer of goods from other counties therefore it is doing well all round in terms of economic growth in the world.
Political factors
Germany is republic that has it is democracy that whose political systems functions using a system called Grundgesetz. This system was published in the year nineteen ninety-four in the constitutional documentary. The country contains two parties that have existed since they gained democracy, they include, social democratic party and the Christian democratic union. They have helped in making the government into place and moving agendas that have enabled to maintain the stability of the country.
A global corruption indexes
Through the transparency test that was done Germany scored eighty points against hundred points that were reported by Transparency International on corruption perceptions index. Since nineteen ninety-five until two thousand and eight corruption index in Germany had averaged to seventy-nine point three five points whereas in nineteen ninety-six it was recorded as low as seventy-three points (Farooq, 2019).
A human right index
Human rights in Germany have high rights of protection since they are contained in the constitution and human right document.
Economic factors
As stated earlier Germany is among the leading countries that have a good economic structure whereby they enjoy position four when they are ranked in terms of economy. When the gross domestic product was focused in the year 2019 was set up to four points two trillion dollars that shows that the country is well equipped in economic growth. Nevertheless, there was a decline in the gross domestic product in the year 2018, this lead to slow industrial development in the country. Germany has a low unemployment rate which posts of three-point two percent of the huge population of the country.
Germany has an economy which is mixed up regarding being the top exporter in the world in the budget surplus. Despite, the country has suffered on the refugee crisis this has led to the decline of growth in the industries but since it has a good foundation of economy growth cannot be stopped. Germany has a small quantity of raw materials in their industrial section mostly it imports it is raw materials for manufacturing of products. Potash and lignite are the main sources of electric energy in Germany (Germany - Hofstede Insights., 2019). It is the main manufacturer of Mercedes Benz, BMW.T-Mobile they among the most regarded machines that are used in the wo ...
Pestal analysis of germany
Germany has a strong economy focused on engineering and manufacturing. It is a democratic republic led by a Chancellor and influenced by political parties. Socially, Germany values family and has a diverse population. Culturally, Germany is known for its contributions to classical music, literature, and arts. Technologically, Germany invests heavily in science and supports innovation in fields like automobiles, renewable energy, and nanotechnology. Regulations and policies that could impact these areas are important legal considerations for businesses operating in Germany.
Country profiling germany
This document provides an overview of the handicraft company Royal Indian Handicrafts and analyzes the German consumer market using a PESTLE framework. Royal Indian Handicrafts exports various handicraft items from India to several countries including Japan, China, Spain, Italy, Russia, France, and Portugal. The PESTLE analysis examines Germany's political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors. Key points include Germany having the largest economy in Europe, being highly developed technologically, and focusing on renewable energy and reducing carbon emissions. The document also discusses work permits and starting a business in Germany.
Country Analysis: Germany
The document provides an analysis of opportunities for introducing a client's product into the German market. It highlights Germany's strong economy, educated workforce, and focus on quality and innovation as strengths. Some weaknesses include high taxes and a slow negotiation process. The recommendations focus on targeting Eastern Germany and key technology industries, emphasizing product quality over discounts to appeal to German consumers.
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Germany
Germany has experienced significant political and economic changes throughout its history. It transitioned from independent states to unification in 1871 under Prussian leadership. Germany became a powerful nation but lost World Wars I and II, after which it was divided until 1990. Germany is now a highly developed economy and is the largest in the European Union. It plays an important leadership role in the EU and organizations like the G7 and G20. Germany has a skilled workforce and remains one of the top global exporters and traders.
Germany final
Germany has a population of over 82 million people and Berlin is its capital and largest city. It has a strong economy as the fifth largest in the world by GDP. Germany has experienced much division and reunification over the centuries. Some of its most popular tourist destinations include Neuschwanstein Castle, Leipzig, and Oktoberfest in Munich. Germany has a federal parliamentary republic government and has maintained relative political stability with the Christian Democratic Union and Social Democratic Party as the dominant political forces.
At the inception of 1989 barley anyone in Germany, both in the wes.docx
At the inception of 1989 barley anyone in Germany, both in the west and east, had prophesied that the 40th anniversary of the GDR in the fall would furthermore be its last, that the Berlin Wall would promptly fade and that Germany, which remained divided into two states, would be United. No individual had thought that, as a result, the political constellations that had ordered post-War European politics elongated than forty years would cease. But everything changed; all at once history would start to just take off at that kind pace. (The fall of the Wall and German reunification)The expedition of the developments also caught spectators by shock. A brief ten months after the collapse of the Berlin Wall the negotiation of the ultimate settlement was acknowledged on September 12, 1990, this would cover the process for the reunification of Germany.
In Consequence Of the Fact, German Unity, which in legal terminologies was concluded on October 3, 1990 with the extension of five federal states "to the area of validity of the Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany," (Facts about Germany) triggered abundant shared satisfaction, buoyed by the assurance of being capable to shoulder the responsibilities of the unification process. What emerged though was what Bertolt Brecht once termed "the trudge across the flatlands." The hurdles many Germans possessed with their newly achieved sovereignty were the consequences; scarcely anyone had been expecting it, later at the rate in which it took off - no individual was used to.
The value of German Unity increased still faster despite its most skeptical evaluations had expected. The people in the east had to strengthen the social accountability of unity and, naturally, the people in the west had to shoulder the financial aspects
As the economic alliance move onward, elements that had been recognized but inadequately appreciated in advancement began to surface. There was widespread perplexity about property titles. More than 2 million applications on properties within the territory of the late Global Depository Receipt existed designated deadline of December 31, 1992. As more claimants emerged, with countless winning positions in the courts, potential investors were commonly alarmed and determined that investing may not be a intelligent move after all.
A Further barrier was that East German manufactured product price had been considerably high-priced. The exchange prices of East German marks to deutsche marks oftentimes retained high costs, as did the early pay trade-offs, which concluded in salaries being considerably above the productivity level. Western German firms discovered it simpler and more affordable to work with the eastern German markets by increasing production in western facilities.
The third predicament was the inadequate infrastructure also presented a predicament for the various possible investors. Telephone service was developed somewhat gradually; several investors also protested.
economics presentation-1.pptx
Germany has the largest economy in Europe based on GDP. It transformed from a largely rural economy in the 1800s to a modern industrial powerhouse by 1900, led by heavy industries. Today, Germany excels in automobiles, machinery, chemicals and electrical equipment and has a highly skilled labor force and focus on innovation. While Germany faces challenges like an aging population and dependence on exports, it has a strong economy based on principles of social market economy, investment in infrastructure and education, and a culture of transparency and low corruption.
Germany PestleIntroductionThe republic of Germany contains six.docx
Germany Pestle
Introduction
The republic of Germany contains sixteen states that cover a three hundred and fifty-seven thousand and twenty-one square kilometers. The country has a population of eighty-one million eight hundred people. It is among the highest populated countries in Europe. It is also among the leading countries in terms of technology. Germany is the fourth largest in economic sector in the world. It is the second biggest exporter of good to other countries and is the third largest importer of goods from other counties therefore it is doing well all round in terms of economic growth in the world.
Political factors
Germany is republic that has it is democracy that whose political systems functions using a system called Grundgesetz. This system was published in the year nineteen ninety-four in the constitutional documentary. The country contains two parties that have existed since they gained democracy, they include, social democratic party and the Christian democratic union. They have helped in making the government into place and moving agendas that have enabled to maintain the stability of the country.
A global corruption indexes
Through the transparency test that was done Germany scored eighty points against hundred points that were reported by Transparency International on corruption perceptions index. Since nineteen ninety-five until two thousand and eight corruption index in Germany had averaged to seventy-nine point three five points whereas in nineteen ninety-six it was recorded as low as seventy-three points (Farooq, 2019).
A human right index
Human rights in Germany have high rights of protection since they are contained in the constitution and human right document.
Economic factors
As stated earlier Germany is among the leading countries that have a good economic structure whereby they enjoy position four when they are ranked in terms of economy. When the gross domestic product was focused in the year 2019 was set up to four points two trillion dollars that shows that the country is well equipped in economic growth. Nevertheless, there was a decline in the gross domestic product in the year 2018, this lead to slow industrial development in the country. Germany has a low unemployment rate which posts of three-point two percent of the huge population of the country.
Germany has an economy which is mixed up regarding being the top exporter in the world in the budget surplus. Despite, the country has suffered on the refugee crisis this has led to the decline of growth in the industries but since it has a good foundation of economy growth cannot be stopped. Germany has a small quantity of raw materials in their industrial section mostly it imports it is raw materials for manufacturing of products. Potash and lignite are the main sources of electric energy in Germany (Germany - Hofstede Insights., 2019). It is the main manufacturer of Mercedes Benz, BMW.T-Mobile they among the most regarded machines that are used in the wo ...
Pestal analysis of germany
Germany has a strong economy focused on engineering and manufacturing. It is a democratic republic led by a Chancellor and influenced by political parties. Socially, Germany values family and has a diverse population. Culturally, Germany is known for its contributions to classical music, literature, and arts. Technologically, Germany invests heavily in science and supports innovation in fields like automobiles, renewable energy, and nanotechnology. Regulations and policies that could impact these areas are important legal considerations for businesses operating in Germany.
Country profiling germany
This document provides an overview of the handicraft company Royal Indian Handicrafts and analyzes the German consumer market using a PESTLE framework. Royal Indian Handicrafts exports various handicraft items from India to several countries including Japan, China, Spain, Italy, Russia, France, and Portugal. The PESTLE analysis examines Germany's political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors. Key points include Germany having the largest economy in Europe, being highly developed technologically, and focusing on renewable energy and reducing carbon emissions. The document also discusses work permits and starting a business in Germany.
Country Analysis: Germany
The document provides an analysis of opportunities for introducing a client's product into the German market. It highlights Germany's strong economy, educated workforce, and focus on quality and innovation as strengths. Some weaknesses include high taxes and a slow negotiation process. The recommendations focus on targeting Eastern Germany and key technology industries, emphasizing product quality over discounts to appeal to German consumers.
Country presentation of Germany- CAGE framework :doing business with Germany
Germany is located in Central Europe, bordered by several countries. It has a population of over 80 million people and has 16 federal states. Germany has the fourth largest economy in the world and is the largest in Europe. It uses the Euro as currency. Some of Germany's largest industries are automobile manufacturing, machinery, and chemicals. Free higher education and a high employment rate are also characteristics of Germany. Culturally, Germans value punctuality, order, and formality in business. Maintaining clear communication and following up on agreements are important when doing business in Germany.
Comparative and Absolute AdvantageGermanyPopulation 8.docx
Comparative and Absolute Advantage
Germany
Population: 81,197,537 (2015)
Population percentage of total EU: 16% (2015)
Political system: Democratic, federal parliamentary republic
Currency: Euro
Economy: Social market economy
Production: Automobiles, machinery, chemicals and
household equipment
Population: 81,197,537 (2015) and has the largest population of any EU country. Stretches from the North Sea and the Baltic to the Alps in the south and has a vast amount of major rivers such as the Rhine, Danube and Elbe (Eubusiness, 2018).
Population percentage of total EU: 16% (2015)
Political system: Democratic, federal parliamentary republic. The lawmakers are called the Bundestag and are elected every four years by popular vote (Eubusiness, 2018).
Currency: Euro
Economy: Social market economy, the fifth largest economy in the world in Purchasing Power Parity terms and is Europe’s largest economy.
Production: Automobiles, engineering products, iron, steel, coal, textiles, electronic and communications equipement, chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Second largest producer of hops worldwide and is well known for their beers and wine. (Eubusiness, 2018).
Top 3 trade partners (2016): China, United States, and France (Eubusiness, 2018).
2
Germany’s Real GDP
Real GDP first quarter 2018
739, 896.7 Millions of Chained 2010 Euros
First quarter 2009
615,666.8 Millions of Chained 2010 Euros
(Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2018)
3
Germany's Real GDP
First Quarter 2009
Category 1 615666.80000000005 First Quarter 2018
Category 1 739896.7
Chained 2010 Euros
Germany’s GDP Percentage Composition
Agriculture- milk, pork, beef, cereals, potatoes, wheat. Southern and western Germany are known for their wine. Bavaria produces much of the countries beer production.
Services- the construction industry, wholesale and retail, logistics, consulting industry, financial services, the hotel and catering industry, real estate, health servides, creative industry, education and public services.
Industry- machine tools, solar power and turbine wind power, electrical engineering, iron, steel, chemicals and optics.
Manufacturing- automotive, household products
(The World Bank Data, 2018)
4
Germany’s Consumer Price Index
Germany CPI
Annual 2009
98.90000 Index 2010=100
Annual 2017
109.27500 Index 2010=100
(FRED, 2018)
5
Germany's Annual CPI
2009
98.9 2017
109.27500000000001
INDEX 2010=100
Germany’s Real Exports
Germany Real Exports
1st Quarter 2018
136.92659 Index 2010=100 Seasonally Adjusted
1st Quarter 2009
85.38521 Index 2010=100 Seasonally Adjusted
(Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2018)
Top ten exports in 2017
Vehicles: US$257.2 billion (17.8% of total exports)
Machinery including computers: $245.4 billion (17%)
Electrical machinery, equipment: $148.8 billion (10.3%)
Pharmaceuticals: $84.1 billion (5.8%)
Optical, technical, medical apparatus: $72.8 billion (5%)
Plastics, plastic articles: $63.6 billion (4.4%)
Aircraft, .
Comparative and Absolute AdvantageGermanyPopulation 8.docx
Comparative and Absolute Advantage
Germany
Population: 81,197,537 (2015)
Population percentage of total EU: 16% (2015)
Political system: Democratic, federal parliamentary republic
Currency: Euro
Economy: Social market economy
Production: Automobiles, machinery, chemicals and
household equipment
Population: 81,197,537 (2015) and has the largest population of any EU country. Stretches from the North Sea and the Baltic to the Alps in the south and has a vast amount of major rivers such as the Rhine, Danube and Elbe (Eubusiness, 2018).
Population percentage of total EU: 16% (2015)
Political system: Democratic, federal parliamentary republic. The lawmakers are called the Bundestag and are elected every four years by popular vote (Eubusiness, 2018).
Currency: Euro
Economy: Social market economy, the fifth largest economy in the world in Purchasing Power Parity terms and is Europe’s largest economy.
Production: Automobiles, engineering products, iron, steel, coal, textiles, electronic and communications equipement, chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Second largest producer of hops worldwide and is well known for their beers and wine. (Eubusiness, 2018).
Top 3 trade partners (2016): China, United States, and France (Eubusiness, 2018).
2
Germany’s Real GDP
Real GDP first quarter 2018
739, 896.7 Millions of Chained 2010 Euros
First quarter 2009
615,666.8 Millions of Chained 2010 Euros
(Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2018)
3
Germany's Real GDP
First Quarter 2009
Category 1 615666.80000000005 First Quarter 2018
Category 1 739896.7
Chained 2010 Euros
Germany’s GDP Percentage Composition
Agriculture- milk, pork, beef, cereals, potatoes, wheat. Southern and western Germany are known for their wine. Bavaria produces much of the countries beer production.
Services- the construction industry, wholesale and retail, logistics, consulting industry, financial services, the hotel and catering industry, real estate, health servides, creative industry, education and public services.
Industry- machine tools, solar power and turbine wind power, electrical engineering, iron, steel, chemicals and optics.
Manufacturing- automotive, household products
(The World Bank Data, 2018)
4
Germany’s Consumer Price Index
Germany CPI
Annual 2009
98.90000 Index 2010=100
Annual 2017
109.27500 Index 2010=100
(FRED, 2018)
5
Germany's Annual CPI
2009
98.9 2017
109.27500000000001
INDEX 2010=100
Germany’s Real Exports
Germany Real Exports
1st Quarter 2018
136.92659 Index 2010=100 Seasonally Adjusted
1st Quarter 2009
85.38521 Index 2010=100 Seasonally Adjusted
(Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2018)
Top ten exports in 2017
Vehicles: US$257.2 billion (17.8% of total exports)
Machinery including computers: $245.4 billion (17%)
Electrical machinery, equipment: $148.8 billion (10.3%)
Pharmaceuticals: $84.1 billion (5.8%)
Optical, technical, medical apparatus: $72.8 billion (5%)
Plastics, plastic articles: $63.6 billion (4.4%)
Aircraft, .
Reasons behind the strength of German economy - myGermany
Germany is the industrial powerhouse and one of the largest exporter in Europe. It is the country whose economy alone has stopped the European countries to fall in recession. For more deatils please visit https://mygermany.com/.
· Germany PESTLE · The Federal Republic of Germany consist.docx
· Germany PESTLE :
· The Federal Republic of Germany consists of 16 states covering 357,021 square kilometers. The population is 81.8 million inhabitants. Germany is among the leading political powers of Europe. In some fields, it is also deemed as the technological leader.
· Germany has the 4th largest economy in the world. It is the 2nd largest exporter and 3rd largest importer.
· POLITICAL FACTORS
· Germany is a democratic republic. The political system functions under a system called Grundgesetz which was published in the 1949 constitutional document. The Social Democratic Party and the Christian Democratic Union leads the political system since 1949.
· https://www.marketingtutor.net/pestle-analysis-of-germany/
a. A global corruption index: Germany scored 80 points out of 100 on the 2018 Corruption Perceptions Index reported by Transparency International. Corruption Index in Germany averaged 79.35 Points from 1995 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 82.70 Points in 1996 and a record low of 73 Points in 2002.
b. A human rights index: Human rights in Germany enjoy a high level of protection, both in theory and in practice, and are enshrined in the Grundgesetz.
ECONOMIC FACTORS
Germany is the 4th largest economy in the world. With nominal GDP forecasts for 2019 set to the tune of $4.2 trillion, the country looks set for robust economic growth. However, a GDP decline in late 2018, coupled with shaky industrial growth, has left a shadow on the economic horizon of the nation.
Germany boasts a low unemployment rate of 3.2%, which is arguably one of the lowest worldwide. One of the top exporters in the world, Germany has a mixed economy with a budgetary surplus. And although the recent refugee crisis has left the country shaken, but with a strong economic foundation, Germany looks set to remain an established economic power.
Germany has comparatively low raw materials. It only has potash and lignite in a significant amount. The power plants which burn lignite are among the main sources of electricity for Germans.
Popular global brands are BMW, Mercedes Benz, Adidas, Porsche, Audi, DHL, Volkswagen, T-Mobile, Lufthansa, Nivea, and SAP. Between the years 1991 and 2010, local firms took part in 301 acquisitions and 40 mergers. Most products are in engineering. Automobiles, metals, machinery and chemical goods are some items they are proud of. German cities like Berlin, Frankfurt and Hanover hold the largest annual international trade fairs.
https://www.marketingtutor.net/pestle-analysis-of-germany/
a. GNI per capita (as a proxy for income)
This page provides the latest reported value for - Germany Gross National Income - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news. Germany Gross National Income - actual data, historical chart and calendar of releases - was last updated on October of 2019.
Actual
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Germany has a unique banking system dominated by public and cooperative banks rather than large private banks. The top banks are Deutsche Bank and Commerzbank, but none are in the top 10 globally due to the large market share held by public savings banks and cooperative banks in Germany. Germany's financial system is decentralized and focused on serving local and regional needs through these public and cooperative banks rather than maximizing profits like large private international banks.
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Germany- overview
The document provides an overview of key information about Germany to understand the business environment. It discusses Germany's history, demographics, geography, economy, industries, trade, education, and political/legal structure. A SWOT analysis identifies strengths like an efficient workforce, weaknesses like high taxes, and opportunities like access to the larger European market. The summary highlights the essential context and considerations for introducing a product into the German market.
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Germany has the fourth largest economy in the world. It has a GDP per capita of $44,729 and the euro is its currency. Germany has a large manufacturing sector, accounting for 27.1% of GDP, with major exports including motor vehicles, machinery and chemicals. Unemployment was 6.7% in 2010 and the country has a population of over 80 million people with a life expectancy of 80 years. Key industries include automobile manufacturing, machinery, chemicals and electronics, with major companies like Volkswagen, BMW, Siemens and Bayer.
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The Rise and Fall of Ponzi Schemes in America.pptx
Ponzi schemes, a notorious form of financial fraud, have plagued America’s investment landscape for decades. Named after Charles Ponzi, who orchestrated one of the most infamous schemes in the early 20th century, these fraudulent operations promise high returns with little or no risk, only to collapse and leave investors with significant losses. This article explores the nature of Ponzi schemes, notable cases in American history, their impact on victims, and measures to prevent falling prey to such scams.
Understanding Ponzi Schemes
A Ponzi scheme is an investment scam where returns are paid to earlier investors using the capital from newer investors, rather than from legitimate profit earned. The scheme relies on a constant influx of new investments to continue paying the promised returns. Eventually, when the flow of new money slows down or stops, the scheme collapses, leaving the majority of investors with substantial financial losses.
Historical Context: Charles Ponzi and His Legacy
Charles Ponzi is the namesake of this deceptive practice. In the 1920s, Ponzi promised investors in Boston a 50% return within 45 days or 100% return in 90 days through arbitrage of international reply coupons. Initially, he paid returns as promised, not from profits, but from the investments of new participants. When his scheme unraveled, it resulted in losses exceeding $20 million (equivalent to about $270 million today).
Notable American Ponzi Schemes
1. Bernie Madoff: Perhaps the most notorious Ponzi scheme in recent history, Bernie Madoff’s fraud involved $65 billion. Madoff, a well-respected figure in the financial industry, promised steady, high returns through a secretive investment strategy. His scheme lasted for decades before collapsing in 2008, devastating thousands of investors, including individuals, charities, and institutional clients.
2. Allen Stanford: Through his company, Stanford Financial Group, Allen Stanford orchestrated a $7 billion Ponzi scheme, luring investors with fraudulent certificates of deposit issued by his offshore bank. Stanford promised high returns and lavish lifestyle benefits to his investors, which ultimately led to a 110-year prison sentence for the financier in 2012.
3. Tom Petters: In a scheme that lasted more than a decade, Tom Petters ran a $3.65 billion Ponzi scheme, using his company, Petters Group Worldwide. He claimed to buy and sell consumer electronics, but in reality, he used new investments to pay off old debts and fund his extravagant lifestyle. Petters was convicted in 2009 and sentenced to 50 years in prison.
4. Eric Dalius and Saivian: Eric Dalius, a prominent figure behind Saivian, a cashback program promising high returns, is under scrutiny for allegedly orchestrating a Ponzi scheme. Saivian enticed investors with promises of up to 20% cash back on everyday purchases. However, investigations suggest that the returns were paid using new investments rather than legitimate profits. The collapse of Saivian l
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Country presentation of Germany- CAGE framework :doing business with Germany
Germany is located in Central Europe, bordered by several countries. It has a population of over 80 million people and has 16 federal states. Germany has the fourth largest economy in the world and is the largest in Europe. It uses the Euro as currency. Some of Germany's largest industries are automobile manufacturing, machinery, and chemicals. Free higher education and a high employment rate are also characteristics of Germany. Culturally, Germans value punctuality, order, and formality in business. Maintaining clear communication and following up on agreements are important when doing business in Germany.
Comparative and Absolute AdvantageGermanyPopulation 8.docx
Comparative and Absolute Advantage
Germany
Population: 81,197,537 (2015)
Population percentage of total EU: 16% (2015)
Political system: Democratic, federal parliamentary republic
Currency: Euro
Economy: Social market economy
Production: Automobiles, machinery, chemicals and
household equipment
Population: 81,197,537 (2015) and has the largest population of any EU country. Stretches from the North Sea and the Baltic to the Alps in the south and has a vast amount of major rivers such as the Rhine, Danube and Elbe (Eubusiness, 2018).
Population percentage of total EU: 16% (2015)
Political system: Democratic, federal parliamentary republic. The lawmakers are called the Bundestag and are elected every four years by popular vote (Eubusiness, 2018).
Currency: Euro
Economy: Social market economy, the fifth largest economy in the world in Purchasing Power Parity terms and is Europe’s largest economy.
Production: Automobiles, engineering products, iron, steel, coal, textiles, electronic and communications equipement, chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Second largest producer of hops worldwide and is well known for their beers and wine. (Eubusiness, 2018).
Top 3 trade partners (2016): China, United States, and France (Eubusiness, 2018).
2
Germany’s Real GDP
Real GDP first quarter 2018
739, 896.7 Millions of Chained 2010 Euros
First quarter 2009
615,666.8 Millions of Chained 2010 Euros
(Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2018)
3
Germany's Real GDP
First Quarter 2009
Category 1 615666.80000000005 First Quarter 2018
Category 1 739896.7
Chained 2010 Euros
Germany’s GDP Percentage Composition
Agriculture- milk, pork, beef, cereals, potatoes, wheat. Southern and western Germany are known for their wine. Bavaria produces much of the countries beer production.
Services- the construction industry, wholesale and retail, logistics, consulting industry, financial services, the hotel and catering industry, real estate, health servides, creative industry, education and public services.
Industry- machine tools, solar power and turbine wind power, electrical engineering, iron, steel, chemicals and optics.
Manufacturing- automotive, household products
(The World Bank Data, 2018)
4
Germany’s Consumer Price Index
Germany CPI
Annual 2009
98.90000 Index 2010=100
Annual 2017
109.27500 Index 2010=100
(FRED, 2018)
5
Germany's Annual CPI
2009
98.9 2017
109.27500000000001
INDEX 2010=100
Germany’s Real Exports
Germany Real Exports
1st Quarter 2018
136.92659 Index 2010=100 Seasonally Adjusted
1st Quarter 2009
85.38521 Index 2010=100 Seasonally Adjusted
(Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2018)
Top ten exports in 2017
Vehicles: US$257.2 billion (17.8% of total exports)
Machinery including computers: $245.4 billion (17%)
Electrical machinery, equipment: $148.8 billion (10.3%)
Pharmaceuticals: $84.1 billion (5.8%)
Optical, technical, medical apparatus: $72.8 billion (5%)
Plastics, plastic articles: $63.6 billion (4.4%)
Aircraft, .
Comparative and Absolute AdvantageGermanyPopulation 8.docx
Comparative and Absolute Advantage
Germany
Population: 81,197,537 (2015)
Population percentage of total EU: 16% (2015)
Political system: Democratic, federal parliamentary republic
Currency: Euro
Economy: Social market economy
Production: Automobiles, machinery, chemicals and
household equipment
Population: 81,197,537 (2015) and has the largest population of any EU country. Stretches from the North Sea and the Baltic to the Alps in the south and has a vast amount of major rivers such as the Rhine, Danube and Elbe (Eubusiness, 2018).
Population percentage of total EU: 16% (2015)
Political system: Democratic, federal parliamentary republic. The lawmakers are called the Bundestag and are elected every four years by popular vote (Eubusiness, 2018).
Currency: Euro
Economy: Social market economy, the fifth largest economy in the world in Purchasing Power Parity terms and is Europe’s largest economy.
Production: Automobiles, engineering products, iron, steel, coal, textiles, electronic and communications equipement, chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Second largest producer of hops worldwide and is well known for their beers and wine. (Eubusiness, 2018).
Top 3 trade partners (2016): China, United States, and France (Eubusiness, 2018).
2
Germany’s Real GDP
Real GDP first quarter 2018
739, 896.7 Millions of Chained 2010 Euros
First quarter 2009
615,666.8 Millions of Chained 2010 Euros
(Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2018)
3
Germany's Real GDP
First Quarter 2009
Category 1 615666.80000000005 First Quarter 2018
Category 1 739896.7
Chained 2010 Euros
Germany’s GDP Percentage Composition
Agriculture- milk, pork, beef, cereals, potatoes, wheat. Southern and western Germany are known for their wine. Bavaria produces much of the countries beer production.
Services- the construction industry, wholesale and retail, logistics, consulting industry, financial services, the hotel and catering industry, real estate, health servides, creative industry, education and public services.
Industry- machine tools, solar power and turbine wind power, electrical engineering, iron, steel, chemicals and optics.
Manufacturing- automotive, household products
(The World Bank Data, 2018)
4
Germany’s Consumer Price Index
Germany CPI
Annual 2009
98.90000 Index 2010=100
Annual 2017
109.27500 Index 2010=100
(FRED, 2018)
5
Germany's Annual CPI
2009
98.9 2017
109.27500000000001
INDEX 2010=100
Germany’s Real Exports
Germany Real Exports
1st Quarter 2018
136.92659 Index 2010=100 Seasonally Adjusted
1st Quarter 2009
85.38521 Index 2010=100 Seasonally Adjusted
(Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2018)
Top ten exports in 2017
Vehicles: US$257.2 billion (17.8% of total exports)
Machinery including computers: $245.4 billion (17%)
Electrical machinery, equipment: $148.8 billion (10.3%)
Pharmaceuticals: $84.1 billion (5.8%)
Optical, technical, medical apparatus: $72.8 billion (5%)
Plastics, plastic articles: $63.6 billion (4.4%)
Aircraft, .
Reasons behind the strength of German economy - myGermany
Germany is the industrial powerhouse and one of the largest exporter in Europe. It is the country whose economy alone has stopped the European countries to fall in recession. For more deatils please visit https://mygermany.com/.
· Germany PESTLE · The Federal Republic of Germany consist.docx
· Germany PESTLE :
· The Federal Republic of Germany consists of 16 states covering 357,021 square kilometers. The population is 81.8 million inhabitants. Germany is among the leading political powers of Europe. In some fields, it is also deemed as the technological leader.
· Germany has the 4th largest economy in the world. It is the 2nd largest exporter and 3rd largest importer.
· POLITICAL FACTORS
· Germany is a democratic republic. The political system functions under a system called Grundgesetz which was published in the 1949 constitutional document. The Social Democratic Party and the Christian Democratic Union leads the political system since 1949.
· https://www.marketingtutor.net/pestle-analysis-of-germany/
a. A global corruption index: Germany scored 80 points out of 100 on the 2018 Corruption Perceptions Index reported by Transparency International. Corruption Index in Germany averaged 79.35 Points from 1995 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 82.70 Points in 1996 and a record low of 73 Points in 2002.
b. A human rights index: Human rights in Germany enjoy a high level of protection, both in theory and in practice, and are enshrined in the Grundgesetz.
ECONOMIC FACTORS
Germany is the 4th largest economy in the world. With nominal GDP forecasts for 2019 set to the tune of $4.2 trillion, the country looks set for robust economic growth. However, a GDP decline in late 2018, coupled with shaky industrial growth, has left a shadow on the economic horizon of the nation.
Germany boasts a low unemployment rate of 3.2%, which is arguably one of the lowest worldwide. One of the top exporters in the world, Germany has a mixed economy with a budgetary surplus. And although the recent refugee crisis has left the country shaken, but with a strong economic foundation, Germany looks set to remain an established economic power.
Germany has comparatively low raw materials. It only has potash and lignite in a significant amount. The power plants which burn lignite are among the main sources of electricity for Germans.
Popular global brands are BMW, Mercedes Benz, Adidas, Porsche, Audi, DHL, Volkswagen, T-Mobile, Lufthansa, Nivea, and SAP. Between the years 1991 and 2010, local firms took part in 301 acquisitions and 40 mergers. Most products are in engineering. Automobiles, metals, machinery and chemical goods are some items they are proud of. German cities like Berlin, Frankfurt and Hanover hold the largest annual international trade fairs.
https://www.marketingtutor.net/pestle-analysis-of-germany/
a. GNI per capita (as a proxy for income)
This page provides the latest reported value for - Germany Gross National Income - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news. Germany Gross National Income - actual data, historical chart and calendar of releases - was last updated on October of 2019.
Actual
Previous
Highest ...
Update on Doing Business in Germany
Gerhard Manz and Sven Ufe Tjarks of Friedrich Graf von Westphalen present on recent issues concerning doing business in Europe, including importing to/exporting from Germany and recent developments in neighboring countries, such as France’s new president and Brexit. They also review the upcoming federal elections in Germany, to be held less than two weeks after this event, and will discuss the parties’ programs and significant legislation that will decide the future of current chancellor Angela Merkel and Germany’s role within the EU and worldwide.
Presentation germany
Germany is a large country in central Europe with over 80 million people. It has a federal parliamentary republic government led by a chancellor. The economy is the largest in Europe, focused around industry and exports. Famous Germans include scientists like Einstein and writers like Goethe. The country has emphasized developing renewable energy sources in recent decades while phasing out nuclear power.
Germany’s Pestel
The document analyzes Germany's PESTEL factors. It discusses Germany's political system, which is a democratic parliamentary federal republic made up of 16 states. Economically, Germany has the largest economy in Europe and is home to many Fortune 500 companies. Socially, Germany has a highly developed social security system and population of around 82 million people. Environmentally, Germany is committed to reducing carbon emissions and using renewable energy. The legal system has different courts at the federal, state, and local levels. The document also discusses two major German companies, Siemens and ABB, including their operations, revenues, innovations, and corporate responsibility.
germany lakshi.pptx
Germany has a unique banking system dominated by public and cooperative banks rather than large private banks. The top banks are Deutsche Bank and Commerzbank, but none are in the top 10 globally due to the large market share held by public savings banks and cooperative banks in Germany. Germany's financial system is decentralized and focused on serving local and regional needs through these public and cooperative banks rather than maximizing profits like large private international banks.
Dr Dev Kambhampati | Doing Business in Germany- 2014 Country Commercial Guide...
This document provides an overview and guidelines for doing business in Germany. It discusses Germany's large economy and consumer market. While opportunities exist, challenges include complex regulations. The summary recommends focusing on quality and innovation to succeed. Key sectors include healthcare, technology, and automotive. Representation is important to overcome competition from domestic German firms.
Market Research: Automated Climate Control Systems in Germany (Nest)
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The document provides an overview of key information about Germany to understand the business environment. It discusses Germany's history, demographics, geography, economy, industries, trade, education, and political/legal structure. A SWOT analysis identifies strengths like an efficient workforce, weaknesses like high taxes, and opportunities like access to the larger European market. The summary highlights the essential context and considerations for a business introducing a product into Germany.
Germany- overview
The document provides an overview of key information about Germany to understand the business environment. It discusses Germany's history, demographics, geography, economy, industries, trade, education, and political/legal structure. A SWOT analysis identifies strengths like an efficient workforce, weaknesses like high taxes, and opportunities like access to the larger European market. The summary highlights the essential context and considerations for introducing a product into the German market.
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Germany has the fourth largest economy in the world. It has a GDP per capita of $44,729 and the euro is its currency. Germany has a large manufacturing sector, accounting for 27.1% of GDP, with major exports including motor vehicles, machinery and chemicals. Unemployment was 6.7% in 2010 and the country has a population of over 80 million people with a life expectancy of 80 years. Key industries include automobile manufacturing, machinery, chemicals and electronics, with major companies like Volkswagen, BMW, Siemens and Bayer.
The Dot-Com boom fueled the 2000 budget surpluses. Will AI help or hinder?
The document discusses how the Dot-Com boom of the late 1990s contributed to US budget surpluses from 1998-2001 by fueling economic growth. It also examines how artificial intelligence could both help and hinder the economy in the future. It may increase productivity but displace many workers, potentially exacerbating income inequality. Suggested solutions include developing more creative education to make workers "robot-proof," implementing "trickle up" economic policies, and following Europe's example of higher taxes coupled with greater income equality.
WHAT IS MADE IN GERMANY REALLY WORTH_LOVE ALUDO
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Germany Template T 2
The document provides information about Germany, including its national symbols, location, geographic features, climate, capital city, government, economy, military, population trends, agriculture, environmentalism, customs, sports, tourism sites, history, and current events. Key facts mentioned include Germany having neighbors like France, Poland, Czech Republic, Austria, Switzerland, its capital being Berlin, having a democratic government led by a chancellor, being a member of the EU and NATO, and emphasizing environmental issues.
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This document provides an overview of Germany including its location, size, population, climate, ethnic groups, languages, and religion. It discusses Germany's political system as a federal parliamentary republic and lists important historical dates. It also summarizes Germany's strong economy, exports of vehicles, machinery and chemicals, and imports of vehicles and oil. The document then focuses on Volkswagen as a major German automaker, detailing its history, products, mission statement, and marketing strategies. It closes with sections on political ramifications of manufacturing and inventory systems used.
E-Government in Germany
The document outlines Germany's use of e-government across several areas including e-democracy, e-voting, e-procurement, e-learning, and e-security. It notes that Germany uses programs like ISA to facilitate cross-border collaboration between EU public administrations. However, e-voting was declared unconstitutional due to lack of security and transparency. Germany issues smart ID cards to citizens for identification and is working with companies on e-security technologies like smart cards. Overall, the document examines Germany's progression with e-government and efforts to engage citizens through various online portals and services.
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Country presentation of Germany- CAGE framework :doing business with Germany
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Comparative and Absolute AdvantageGermanyPopulation 8.docx
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The Rise and Fall of Ponzi Schemes in America.pptx
Ponzi schemes, a notorious form of financial fraud, have plagued America’s investment landscape for decades. Named after Charles Ponzi, who orchestrated one of the most infamous schemes in the early 20th century, these fraudulent operations promise high returns with little or no risk, only to collapse and leave investors with significant losses. This article explores the nature of Ponzi schemes, notable cases in American history, their impact on victims, and measures to prevent falling prey to such scams.
Understanding Ponzi Schemes
A Ponzi scheme is an investment scam where returns are paid to earlier investors using the capital from newer investors, rather than from legitimate profit earned. The scheme relies on a constant influx of new investments to continue paying the promised returns. Eventually, when the flow of new money slows down or stops, the scheme collapses, leaving the majority of investors with substantial financial losses.
Historical Context: Charles Ponzi and His Legacy
Charles Ponzi is the namesake of this deceptive practice. In the 1920s, Ponzi promised investors in Boston a 50% return within 45 days or 100% return in 90 days through arbitrage of international reply coupons. Initially, he paid returns as promised, not from profits, but from the investments of new participants. When his scheme unraveled, it resulted in losses exceeding $20 million (equivalent to about $270 million today).
Notable American Ponzi Schemes
1. Bernie Madoff: Perhaps the most notorious Ponzi scheme in recent history, Bernie Madoff’s fraud involved $65 billion. Madoff, a well-respected figure in the financial industry, promised steady, high returns through a secretive investment strategy. His scheme lasted for decades before collapsing in 2008, devastating thousands of investors, including individuals, charities, and institutional clients.
2. Allen Stanford: Through his company, Stanford Financial Group, Allen Stanford orchestrated a $7 billion Ponzi scheme, luring investors with fraudulent certificates of deposit issued by his offshore bank. Stanford promised high returns and lavish lifestyle benefits to his investors, which ultimately led to a 110-year prison sentence for the financier in 2012.
3. Tom Petters: In a scheme that lasted more than a decade, Tom Petters ran a $3.65 billion Ponzi scheme, using his company, Petters Group Worldwide. He claimed to buy and sell consumer electronics, but in reality, he used new investments to pay off old debts and fund his extravagant lifestyle. Petters was convicted in 2009 and sentenced to 50 years in prison.
4. Eric Dalius and Saivian: Eric Dalius, a prominent figure behind Saivian, a cashback program promising high returns, is under scrutiny for allegedly orchestrating a Ponzi scheme. Saivian enticed investors with promises of up to 20% cash back on everyday purchases. However, investigations suggest that the returns were paid using new investments rather than legitimate profits. The collapse of Saivian l
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In World Expo 2010 Shanghai – the most visited Expo in the World History
https://www.britannica.com/event/Expo-Shanghai-2010
China’s official organizer of the Expo, CCPIT (China Council for the Promotion of International Trade https://en.ccpit.org/) has chosen Dr. Alyce Su as the Cover Person with Cover Story, in the Expo’s official magazine distributed throughout the Expo, showcasing China’s New Generation of Leaders to the World.
一比一原版宾夕法尼亚大学毕业证(UPenn毕业证书)学历如何办理
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留信网认证的作用:
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4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
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The Impact of the 2024 Indian
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13 Jun 24 ILC Retirement Income Summit - slides.pptx
ILC's Retirement Income Summit was hosted by M&G and supported by Canada Life. The event brought together key policymakers, influencers and experts to help identify policy priorities for the next Government and ensure more of us have access to a decent income in retirement.
Contributors included:
Jo Blanden, Professor in Economics, University of Surrey
Clive Bolton, CEO, Life Insurance M&G Plc
Jim Boyd, CEO, Equity Release Council
Molly Broome, Economist, Resolution Foundation
Nida Broughton, Co-Director of Economic Policy, Behavioural Insights Team
Jonathan Cribb, Associate Director and Head of Retirement, Savings, and Ageing, Institute for Fiscal Studies
Joanna Elson CBE, Chief Executive Officer, Independent Age
Tom Evans, Managing Director of Retirement, Canada Life
Steve Groves, Chair, Key Retirement Group
Tish Hanifan, Founder and Joint Chair of the Society of Later life Advisers
Sue Lewis, ILC Trustee
Siobhan Lough, Senior Consultant, Hymans Robertson
Mick McAteer, Co-Director, The Financial Inclusion Centre
Stuart McDonald MBE, Head of Longevity and Democratic Insights, LCP
Anusha Mittal, Managing Director, Individual Life and Pensions, M&G Life
Shelley Morris, Senior Project Manager, Living Pension, Living Wage Foundation
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- 1. GERMANY By: Crystal Ellis, Bethany Errickson, Jennifer Jenkins, and Matthew Williams.
- 2. Germany
- 3. Germany is located in central Europe. Surrounded by the Baltic and North Seas. This country has a variety of mountains, forest, rivers and valleys. GEOGRAPHY Distance from Germany to Florida!
- 4. CLIM ATE
- 5. GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE ➤ The Federal Republic of Germany is a constitutional Republic, established in 1949. ➤ In Germany, The Basic Law arranges that all state authority originates from the people. ➤ It is Organized as a federal and parliamentary democracy. ➤ State authority is divided between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. ➤ The separation of powers is a component of all democracies and is safeguarded in German’s constitution, the Basic Law.
- 7. CURRENCY How much is a USD worth? ➤ 1 Euro is equal to $1.08 USD. ➤ GERMANY’S MAIN CURRENCY HAS BEEN THE EURO SINCE 2002.
- 8. GD P ➤ Germany’s GDP was worth 4072.19 billion USD in 2022.
- 9. ➤ Germany’s GDP per capita was at $43,032.14 USD in 2022 which is equivalent to 341% of the world’s average. PER CAPITA GDP
- 10. WEALTH DISTRIB UTION IN POPULA TION ➤ 770,000 households have a net income of under 500 euros per month. The majority have an income between 1,500 and 2,000 euros.
- 11. ENEMIES OR TERRORISM OCCURRENCES WITHIN THE LAST 10 YRS ➤ Most of Germany’s terrorism threats is linked to Daesh. These are the following recent attacks that were considered terrorism. 1. 2020 – one killed, and another seriously injured with a knife in Dresden city Centre. 2. 2020 – eight killed and five injured in a mass shooting in Hanau. 3. 2019 – two people were shot near the city of Halle.
- 12. LABOR FORC
- 13. INFLATION RATE
- 14. INFLATION RATES IN GERMANY POST PANDEMIC
- 15. GERMANY’S INFRASTRUCTURE HAS PROGRESSED “The insight that individual data have value and the demand for official micro-data on the part of empirical researchers led to the establishment of the Research Data Centre of the Federal Statistical Office in 2001”. (Brenzel & Zwick, 2022)
- 16. MAIN EXPO RTS ➤ The largest German export is vehicles other than a railway and tramway at $259.24 Billion. ➤ The smallest is silk at $13.59 Million.
- 17. MAIN IMPORTS
- 18. MISC. POPULATION DEMOGRAPHICS •The top 3 languages spoken in Germany are German (95%), English(56%), and French(15%). •Christianity is the most popular religion in Germany. •The top Cities by GDP are Berlin ($165.457 bill.), Hamburg ($130.873 bill.), and Munchecn ($128.752).
- 19. FILM REGULATIONS 1.Visas are not required for those who make semi-annual visits for no longer than 3 months. 2.A shooting permit will be required for public streets and roads. 3.Proof of insurance and declaration of exemption from liability will be required. 4.ATA Carnet is required for importing and re-exporting professional equipment (Wesser, 2021
- 20. IMPACT OF COVID
- 21. TRANSPORT ATION COSTS TO FLY THERE FROM ORLANDO, FL According to priceline.com American Airlines has a round-trip ticket for $2,238 for 1 single person as of 8
- 22. THE WHY THE WHY THE WHY
- 23. Brenzel, H., Zwick, M.. (2022, December 19). An informational infrastructure has emerged in Germany - the Research Data Centre of the Federal Statistical Office. Destatis. https://www.destatis.de/EN/Themes/Labour/Labour-Market/Employment/Tables/et-etq-2021.html Davies, K. (2021, November 10). Distribution of private households in Germany in 2021, by monthly household net income. [Photo]. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/750827/private-household- income-distribution-in-germany/ Design Turnpike. (2013, September 5). Map of Germany With Flag Art on Distressed Worn Canvas is a mixed media. [Photo]. Fineartamerica. https://fineartamerica.com/featured/map-of-germany-with- flag-art-on-distressed-worn-canvas-design-turnpike.html Exchange Rate-EUR/USD - GERMANY. (2023). Trading Economics. https://tradingeconomics.com/germany/currency Federal Statistical Office of Germany. (2023). [Photo]. Destatis. https://www.destatis.de/EN/Home/_node.html Expatrio. (N.D.). Religions in Germany. Expatrio. https://www.expatrio.com/living-germany/german-culture/religions-germany German Flag #1260368. (N.D.). [Photo]. Clipart Library. https://clipart-library.com/clipart/ki85bM98T.htm German flag Europe, national symbols, Flag of Germany, 3D art, Germany, European countries, Germany 3D flag, HD wallpaper. (N.D.). [Photo] Peakpx. https://www.peakpx.com/en/hd-wallpaper- desktop-kdqvd GERMANY FILMED ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY. (2021, June 24). Trade. https://www.trade.gov/market-intelligence/germany-filmed-entertainment- industry#:~:text=Production%20Within%20Germany&text=A%20general%20shooting%20permit%20is,and%20streets%20(including%20sidewalks). Germany GDP. (2023). [Photo]. Trading Economics. https://tradingeconomics.com/germany/gdp Germany GDP per capita. (2023). [Photo]. Trading Economics. https://tradingeconomics.com/germany/gdp-per-capita Foreign travel advice Germany. (N.D.) Gov.UK. https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/germany/safety-and- security#:~:text=Terrorism%20in%20Germany&text=The%20main%20terrorism%20threat%20is,attack%20in%20Dresden%20city%20centre Labor force participation. (2023). [Photo]. Destatis. https://www.destatis.de/EN/Themes/Labour/Labour-Market/Employment/Tables/et-etq-2021.html Langenbacher, E. (July 12, 2021). The Political and Electoral System of Germany. AGI. https://americangerman.institute/2021/07/the-political-and-electoral-system-of-germany/ REFER ENCES
- 24. REFER ENCES Lopez, M. (2018, May 10). Man holding clapper board. [Photo]. Pexels. https://www.pexels.com/photo/man-holding-clapper-board-1117132/ N,a. (2023). Germany topographic map. Free World Maps. https://maps-germany-de.com/maps-germany-geography/germany-topographic-map Pixabay. (2016, February 12). Jet cloud landing aircraft. [Photo]. Pexels. https://www.pexels.com/photo/jet-cloud-landing-aircraft-46148/ N,a. (October 14, 2012). Political System of Germany. WikiMedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Political_System_of_Germany.svg Pixabay. (2017, May 20). Human standing beside crucifix statue on mountain. [Photo]. Pexels. https://www.pexels.com/photo/human-standing-beside-crucifix-statue-on-mountain-415571/ Priceline. (2023, August 25). Choose your flight to Berlin. Priceline. https://www.priceline.com/m/fly/search/ORL-BER-20230902/BER-ORL-20230903/?alt-dates=false&cabin-class=ECO&num-adults=1&num- children=0&num-infants=0&num-youths=0&sbsroute=slice1&search-type=1111 Shvets, A (2020, April 16). Hands with latex gloves holding a globe with a face mask. [Photo}. Pexels. https://www.pexels.com/photo/hands-with-latex-gloves-holding-a-globe-with-a-face-mask-4167544/ Trading Economics. (N.D.). Germany Exports By Category. [Photo]. Trading Economics. https://tradingeconomics.com/germany/exports-by-category Trading Economics. (N.D.). Germany Imports By Category. [Photo]. Trading Economics. https://tradingeconomics.com/germany/imports-by-category Vena, T. (N.D.). The German COVID-19 relief fund for filmmaking increases to a total of 100 Million. Cineuropa. https://cineuropa.org/en/dossiernewsdetail/1967/399658/ White Brush. (N.D.). [Photo]. Flatlaid. https://www.flatlaid.com.au/products/white-brush Wilken, O. (N.D.) Film Industry. GTAI. https://www.gtai.de/en/invest/industries/creative-industries/film-596958#599724 WorldAtlas. (N.D). What Languages Are Spoken In Germany? Worldatlas. https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-languages-are-spoken-in-germany.html Yamkasikorn, S. (2020, January 30). Man In blue shirt and brown pants holding a camara equipment. [Photo]. Pexels. https://www.pexels.com/photo/man-in-blue-shirt-and-brown-pants-holding-a-camera- equipment-3651904/