Technology analysis

1. Chapter
Eighteen:
Growth and
Sustainability in
the Twenty-First
Century

2. Climate Change

3. Figure 18.1: Global Temperature Trends, 1900-
2100
Source: U.S. Global Change Research Program, www.globalchange.gov .

4. Economic Growth and the
Environment

5. 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000
$ GNP per Capita
250 -
200 -
150 -
100 -
50 -
0 -
Kg
S02
per
Capita
GNP per capita
Sulfur
dioxide
emissions
per
capita
(kg)
Sulfur
dioxide
emissions
per
capita
(kg)
GNP per capita
Figure 18.2: Environmental Kuznets Curve for
Sulfur Dioxide Emissions
Source: T. Panayotou, “Empirical Tests and Policy Analysis of Environmental Degradation at Different Levels of Development,” International Labour Office Working Paper,
1993.

6. -
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
- 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000 50,000
CO
2
Emissions
per
Capita
(Metric
Tons)
GDP per Capita (2005 $, PPP)
Brunei
United Arab Emirates
United States
India
China
Bahrain
Saudi Arabia
Kazakhstan
Gabon
Sweden
Switzerland
Norway
Figure 18.3: Carbon Dioxide Emissions vs GDP per
Capita, 2009
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Database 2013.

7. 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Percent
of
total
tax
revenueFigure 18.4: Environmentally Based Taxes as a Share
of Total Tax Revenue, Select Industrialized Countries
Source: OECD, OECD/EEA Instruments Database 2007

8. Table 18.1: Global Population Classification by
Income and Environmental Impacts, 2013
Source: World Bank, Little Green Data Book 2013; World Development Indicators 2013.

9. Leisure
Income, Consumption
United States
Europe
Figure 18.5: A Consumption Possibilities Frontier

10. Are Stabilization and
Sustainability in Conflict?

11. Steady State
Time
Resource-using
Economic Activities
Figure 18.6: Growth Reaching a Steady-State

12. 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
0
50
100
150
200
Index
(2005=100)
Year
GDP/Capita
GHG
Unemployment
Poverty
Debt to GDP
Figure 18.7: A No-Growth Scenario for the
Canadian Economy
Source: Adapted from Peter Victor, Managing Without Growth: Slower by Deisgn, not Disaster. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar, 2008, p. 182.

13. Appendix: Demographic
Challenges

14. Table 18.2: Stages of Demographic Transition

15. (a) 1900 (b) 2000
(c) 2040, projected
Figure 18.8: Population by Age and Sex, United
States, 1900, 2000, and 2040 (projected)
Source: Wan Wan He, Manisha Sengupta, Victoria A. Velkoff, and Kimberly A. DeBarros, U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, P23–209, “65+ in the United States:
2005”, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2005.

16. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1950 1970 1990 2010 2030 2050
Old-Age
Dependency
Ratio
Year
Italy
China
United
States
Figure 18.9: Old-Age Dependency Ratios, 1950-2050
Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision, Population Database. Figure based on mediumvariant projections.