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International Energy Outlook 2021 with projections to 2050 Chart library October 6, 2021 www.eia.gov/ieo #IEO2021
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 2 U.S. Energy Information Administration Office of Energy Analysis U.S. Department of Energy Washington, DC 20585 This publication is online at: https://www.eia.gov/ieo This report was prepared by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), the statistical and analytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy. By law, EIA's data, analyses, and forecasts are independent of approval by any other officer or employee of the United States Government. The views in this report therefore should not be construed as representing those of the Department of Energy or other federal agencies. International Energy Outlook 2021 with projections to 2050 October 2021
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo Table of contents 3 Macroeconomics and assumptions Consumption Industrial Buildings Transportation Electricity Coal Petroleum and other liquids Natural gas Emissions References slide number 4 10 18 29 44 59 101 111 123 135 147
Macroeconomics and assumptions
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo $0 $50 $100 $150 $200 $250 $300 $350 $400 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 High Economic Growth Reference Low Economic Growth High Economic Growth Reference Low Economic Growth OECD non-OECD history projections 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 High Economic Growth Reference Low Economic Growth High Economic Growth Reference Low Economic Growth OECD non-OECD history projections World GDP trillion 2015 dollars, purchasing power parity (PPP) Energy consumption quadrillion British thermal units OECD and non-OECD GDP and energy consumption 5
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo $0 $25 $50 $75 $100 $125 $150 $175 $200 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 OECD non-OECD World oil prices 2020 dollars per barrel World energy consumption quadrillion British thermal units World oil prices and energy consumption 6 history projections Low Oil Price Reference High Oil Price High Oil Price Reference Low Oil Price High Oil Price Reference Low Oil Price history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo World petroleum and other liquid fuels consumption million barrels per day World petroleum and other liquid fuels production and consumption 7 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 High Oil Price Reference Low Oil Price High Oil Price Reference Low Oil Price OECD non-OECD history projections 2050 Low Oil Price case 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 2050 High Oil Price case OPEC crude oil and lease condensate non-OPEC crude oil and lease condensate natural gas plant liquids and other liquid fuels 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 2020 2050 Reference case World petroleum and other liquid fuels production million barrels per day
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo $0 $50 $100 $150 $200 $250 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 $0 $10 $20 $30 $40 $50 $60 $70 2010 2030 2050 non- OECD OECD World GDP trillion 2015 dollars, purchasing power parity (PPP) World per capita GDP thousand 2015 dollars per person, purchasing power parity (PPP) Economic growth and purchasing power 8 history projections history projections non-OECD OECD
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% Average annual percentage change in GDP, OECD 2020–2050 GDP growth rates by region 9 Average annual percentage change in GDP, non-OECD 2020–2050
Consumption
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 OECD non-OECD history projections World energy consumption quadrillion British thermal units World energy consumption 11
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 petroleum and other liquids natural gas electricity coal renewables history projections End-use energy consumption by sector, world quadrillion British thermal units World energy consumption by sector and fuel 12 history projections industrial transportation residential commercial End-use energy consumption by fuel, world quadrillion British thermal units
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2020 2050 renewables coal petroleum and other liquids natural gas nuclear 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Primary energy consumption by energy source, world quadrillion British thermal units Share of primary energy consumption by source, world percentage Primary energy consumption by energy source 1 includes biofuels 13 history projections petroleum and other liquids1 renewables natural gas coal nuclear history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo Delivered energy consumption by fuel, OECD quadrillion British thermal units Delivered energy consumption by fuel, non-OECD quadrillion British thermal units Energy consumption by fuel 14 0 100 200 300 400 500 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0 100 200 300 400 500 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections renewables electricity coal natural gas liquids history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 100 200 300 400 500 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 residential commercial transportation industrial 0 100 200 300 400 500 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 residential commercial transportation industrial Energy consumption by sector, OECD quadrillion British thermal units Energy consumption by sector, non-OECD quadrillion British thermal units Energy consumption by end-use sector 15 history projections history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 OECD energy consumption by region quadrillion British thermal units Non-OECD energy consumption by region quadrillion British thermal units Energy consumption by region 16 history projections 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Asia Middle East Africa Americas Europe and Eurasia Americas Asia Europe
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo $0 $25 $50 $75 $100 $125 $150 $175 $200 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Thousands non-OECD OECD 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 OECD China GDP, select regions trillion 2015 dollars World electricity use, select regions quadrillion British thermal units Economic growth and electricity use 17 history projections China non-OECD history projections
Industrial
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo -6% -4% -2% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 non-OECD OECD 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Industrial gross output growth year-over-year percentage Industrial energy consumption quadrillion British thermal units Industrial economic growth and energy use 19 non-OECD OECD history projections history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 rest of world OECD Europe India China Other non-OECD Asia Share of energy-intensive manufacturing gross output by region percentage Global shares of industrial economic output 20 history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 $0 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $600 $700 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Energy consumption by industry, world quadrillion British thermal units Gross output by sector, world trillion 2015 dollars, purchasing power parity (PPP) Industrial energy use and economic growth by industry type 21 history projections services (non-industrial sector) energy-intensive manufacturing non-energy- intensive manufacturing non-manufacturing energy intensive manufacturing non-energy- intensive manufacturing non- manufacturing
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Shares of gross economic output by sector, OECD percentage Shares of gross economic output by sector, non-OECD percentage Share of industrial economic output by industry type 22 services non- manufacturing non-energy- intensive manufacturing energy- intensive manufacturing
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Industrial sector energy consumption by source, OECD quadrillion British thermal units Industrial sector energy consumption by source, non-OECD quadrillion British thermal units Industrial energy consumption by source 23 history projections renewables natural gas electricity liquids coal history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 rest of world India China Other non-OECD Asia 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 coal liquid fuels natural gas renewables electricity Industrial coal consumption quadrillion British thermal units Industrial energy consumption, India quadrillion British thermal units Industrial coal consumption 24 history projections history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Asia Americas Europe 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 China India Other Asia Middle East Africa Americas Europe and Eurasia Industrial energy consumption, OECD quadrillion British thermal units Industrial energy consumption, non-OECD quadrillion British thermal units Industrial energy consumption by region 25 history projections history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Energy consumption, non-OECD motor vehicle production quadrillion British thermal units Energy consumption, non-OECD nonferrous metals production quadrillion British thermal units Motor vehicle and non ferrous metals production energy use by fuel, non-OECD 26 electricity coal natural gas liquid fuels history projections history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 OECD maximum non-OECD maximum OECD average OECD minimum non-OECD average non-OECD minimum Regional industrial energy intensity index, 2020 = 1.0 Changes in industrial energy intensity Note: Maximum and minimum refers to the highest or lowest IEO2021 region within or outside the OECD 27
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Energy consumption by industry type, OECD quadrillion British thermal units Energy consumption by industry type, non-OECD quadrillion British thermal units Energy consumption by industry type 28 energy- intensive manufacturing non-energy- intensive manufacturing non- manufacturing
Buildings
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 20 40 60 80 100 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0 20 40 60 80 100 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Building sector energy consumption, OECD quadrillion British thermal units Building sector energy consumption, non-OECD quadrillion British thermal units Residential and commercial buildings energy consumption 30 history projections residential commercial history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 20 40 60 80 100 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Buildings energy use 31 0 20 40 60 80 100 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 OECD non-OECD history projections 0 20 40 60 80 100 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 non-OECD OECD non-OECD OECD history projections history projections Buildings delivered energy consumption quadrillion British thermal units Residential delivered energy consumption quadrillion British thermal units Commercial delivered energy consumption quadrillion British thermal units
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo -2 0 2 4 6 8 2019 2030 non-OECD residential non-OECD commercial OECD commercial OECD residential history projections 2025 Change in buildings energy use by sector and region quadrillion British thermal units (difference from 2019 values) Residential and commercial buildings change in energy use since 2019 32
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo $0 $10 $20 $30 $40 $50 2020 2030 2040 2050 Household income per capita thousand 2015 dollars per person, purchasing power parity (PPP) Household income by region 33 OECD Americas OECD Average OECD Europe OECD Asia non-OECD Europe non-OECD Asia non-OECD Average non-OECD Americas Middle East Africa
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Residential sector energy consumption by fuel, OECD quadrillion British thermal units Residential energy consumption by fuel 34 history projections electricity natural gas liquid fuels renewables coal history projections Residential sector energy consumption by fuel, non-OECD quadrillion British thermal units
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Commercial sector energy consumption by fuel, OECD quadrillion British thermal units Commercial sector energy consumption by fuel, non-OECD quadrillion British thermal units Commercial buildings energy consumption by fuel 35 history projections electricity natural gas liquid fuels coal renewables history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo Buildings sector energy consumption by fuel, OECD percentage Buildings sector energy consumption by fuel, non-OECD percentage Shares of residential and commercial energy consumption by fuel 36 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections renewables coal liquid fuels natural gas commercial electricity residential electricity
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 10 20 30 40 50 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 non-OECD OECD 0 10 20 30 40 50 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 OECD non-OECD history projections Commercial delivered electricity use quadrillion British thermal units Buildings electricity consumption 37 0 10 20 30 40 50 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 non-OECD OECD history projections history projections Buildings delivered electricity use quadrillion British thermal units Residential delivered electricity use quadrillion British thermal units
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo Residential energy consumption per person, OECD million British thermal units per person Residential energy consumption per person, non-OECD million British thermal units per person Residential buildings energy consumption 38 0 20 40 60 Mexico and Other Americas Japan South Korea Australia and New Zealand OECD Europe United States Canada OECD 2020 2050 0 20 40 60 Africa India Other Asia Brazil Other Americas China Middle East Other Europe and Eurasia Russia non-OECD 2020 2050
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo Commercial energy consumption per person, OECD million British thermal units per person Commercial energy consumption per person, non-OECD million British thermal units per person Commercial buildings energy consumption 39 0 10 20 30 Mexico and Other Americas Japan South Korea Australia and New Zealand OECD Europe United States Canada OECD 2020 2050 0 10 20 30 Africa India Other Asia Brazil Other Americas China Middle East Other Europe and Eurasia Russia non-OECD 2020 2050
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 OECD residential energy consumption quadrillion British thermal units Non-OECD residential energy consumption quadrillion British thermal units Residential energy use by region 40 history projections China India Other Asia Middle East Africa Americas Europe and Eurasia Asia Americas Europe history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo OECD commercial energy consumption quadrillion British thermal units Non-OECD commercial energy consumption quadrillion British thermal units Commercial energy use by region 41 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Asia Americas Europe and Eurasia 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 China India Other Asia Middle East Africa Americas Europe and Eurasia history projections history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 5 10 15 South Korea Australia and New Zealand Mexico and Other Americas Canada Japan OECD Europe United States OECD 2020 2050 Residential delivered electricity consumption quadrillion British thermal units Commercial delivered electricity consumption quadrillion British thermal units OECD energy use by building type 42 0 5 10 15 South Korea Australia and New Zealand Mexico and Other Americas Canada Japan OECD Europe United States OECD 2020 2050
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 10 20 30 40 Africa China India all others Total non-OECD 2020 2050 Residential delivered electricity consumption quadrillion British thermal units Commercial delivered electricity consumption quadrillion British thermal units Non-OECD energy use by building type 43 0 5 10 15 20 Africa China India all others Total non-OECD 2020 2050
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo Transportation
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 20 40 60 80 100 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 non-OECD OECD Transportation energy consumption quadrillion British thermal units Global transportation energy consumption 45 history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo OECD transportation energy consumption quadrillion British thermal units Non-OECD transportation energy consumption quadrillion British thermal units Transportation energy consumption by region 46 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 China India Other Asia Middle East Africa Americas Europe and Eurasia Asia Americas Europe history projections history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Transportation energy consumption, OECD quadrillion British thermal units Transportation energy consumption by fuel type 47 history projections 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 other liquids electricity natural gas motor gasoline jet fuel liquefied petroleum gas diesel residual fuel oil history projections Transportation energy consumption, non-OECD quadrillion British thermal units
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 10 20 30 40 motor gasoline and E85 distillate fuel oil and biodiesel jet fuel residual fuel oil natural gas electricity liquefied petroleum gas other liquids 2020 2050 Transportation energy consumption, OECD quadrillion British thermal units Transportation energy consumption by fuel type 48 0 10 20 30 40 motor gasoline and E85 distillate fuel oil and biodiesel jet fuel residual fuel oil natural gas electricity liquefied petroleum gas other liquids 2020 2050 Transportation energy consumption, non-OECD quadrillion British thermal units
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Transportation sector energy consumption, OECD quadrillion British thermal units Transportation energy consumption by type 49 history projections passenger freight history projections Transportation sector energy consumption, non-OECD quadrillion British thermal units
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 Passenger vehicle travel, select regions billion passenger miles traveled Passenger vehicle travel by region 50 history projections China India United States Other non-OECD Asia Africa OECD Europe Middle East
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 electric plug-in hybrid natural gas diesel motor gasoline liquefied petroleum gas Light-duty vehicle stock, OECD billions of vehicles Global light-duty vehicle stock by fuel type 51 history projections history projections Light-duty vehicle stock, non-OECD billions of vehicles
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Passenger travel demand, energy use, and energy intensity 52 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 OECD non-OECD history projections 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 non-OECD OECD non-OECD OECD history projections history projections Passenger travel demand trillion passenger-miles Passenger travel energy use quadrillion British thermal units Passenger travel energy intensity quadrillion British thermal units per passenger-mile
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 2019 2020 2050 history projections 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 2019 2020 2050 Passenger travel demand by mode, OECD trillion passenger-miles Passenger travel demand by mode, non-OECD trillion passenger-miles Passenger travel demand by mode 53 history projections rail light duty vehicles buses air two- or three- wheeled vehicles
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Passenger transportation energy consumption, OECD quadrillion British thermal units Passenger transportation energy consumption by mode 54 light-duty vehicles air two- or three- wheeled vehicles rail buses history projections history projections Passenger transportation energy consumption, non-OECD quadrillion British thermal units
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Thousands total passenger stock Light-duty passenger vehicle stock billions of passenger vehicles Light-duty passenger vehicle stock by technology Note: Electric stock includes all-electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. 55 0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Thousands 0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Thousands history projections history projections history projections non-OECD OECD non-OECD OECD non-OECD OECD conventional stock electric stock
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo Passenger air travel, efficiency, and jet fuel energy consumption, OECD index, 2019 = 1.0 Passenger air travel, efficiency, and jet fuel consumption 56 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 air travel jet fuel consumption air travel efficiency 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 air travel jet fuel consumption air travel efficiency history projections history projections Passenger air travel, efficiency, and jet fuel energy consumption, non-OECD index, 2019 = 1.0
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 Passenger air travel, select regions trillion passenger–miles traveled Passenger air travel by region 57 history projections China India United States Other Asia Africa OECD Europe Middle East
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Freight transportation energy consumption, OECD quadrillion British thermal units Freight transportation energy consumption by mode 58 heavy heavy truck medium heavy truck light heavy truck pipeline international marine domestic marine rail history projections history projections Freight transportation energy consumption, non-OECD quadrillion British thermal units
Electricity
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 other wind solar hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal World net electricity generation by source trillion kilowatthours World net electricity generation by source trillion kilowatthours World net electricity generation by source 60 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections history projections solar coal natural gas wind hydroelectric nuclear other
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 10 20 30 40 50 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 renewables natural gas coal nuclear liquid fuels history projections World net electricity generation by source trillion kilowatthours Share of net electricity generation percentage World net electricity generation shares by fuel 61 history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 5 10 15 20 25 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 other geothermal solar wind hydroelectric history projections World net electricity generation from renewables trillion kilowatthours Share of renewable energy percentage World net electricity generation from renewables 62 history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 non-OECD OECD 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 industrial residential commercial transportation OECD and non-OECD net electricity generation trillion kilowatthours World electricity use by sector quadrillion British thermal units World net electricity generation by region and electricity use by sector 63 history projections history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 10 20 30 40 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0 10 20 30 40 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 OECD electricity generation trillion kilowatthours Non-OECD electricity generation trillion kilowatthours Electricity generation in Reference, High Economic Growth, and Low Economic Growth cases 64 history projections history projections High Economic Growth Reference Low Economic Growth
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo -2% -1% 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections -2% -1% 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 OECD electricity generation growth rate 3-year average, percentage Non-OECD electricity generation growth rate 3-year average, percentage Electricity generation growth rate in Reference, High Economic Growth, and Low Economic Growth cases 65 High Economic Growth Reference Low Economic Growth High Economic Growth Reference Low Economic Growth history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 OECD electricity generation change from 2020, by type trillion kilowatthours Non-OECD electricity generation change from 2020, by type trillion kilowatthours Electricity generation change from 2020, by type 66 non- renewables renewables
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo Total electricity consumption by sector, OECD quadrillion British thermal units Total electricity consumption by sector 67 history projections 0 20 40 60 80 100 2020 2030 2040 2050 residential commercial industrial transportation history projections 0 20 40 60 80 100 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections residential commercial industrial transportation Total electricity consumption by sector, non-OECD quadrillion British thermal units
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Net electricity generation by source, United States trillion kilowatthours Share of net electricity generation, United States percentage United States net electricity generation by source 68 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Net electricity generation by source, Canada trillion kilowatthours Share of net electricity generation, Canada percentage Canada net electricity generation by source 69 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Net electricity generation by source, Mexico and other OECD Americas trillion kilowatthours Share of net electricity generation, Mexico and other OECD Americas percentage Mexico and other OECD Americas net electricity generation by source 70 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Net electricity generation by source, Japan trillion kilowatthours Share of net electricity generation, Japan percentage Japan net electricity generation by source 71 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo Net electricity generation by source, South Korea trillion kilowatthours Share of net electricity generation, South Korea percentage South Korea net electricity generation by source 72 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Net electricity generation by source, Australia and New Zealand trillion kilowatthours Share of net electricity generation, Australia and New Zealand percentage Australia and New Zealand net electricity generation by source 73 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 1 2 3 4 5 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Net electricity generation by source, OECD Europe trillion kilowatthours Share of net electricity generation, OECD Europe percentage OECD Europe net electricity generation by source 74 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Net electricity generation by source, Russia trillion kilowatthours Share of net electricity generation, Russia percentage Russia net electricity generation by source 75 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo Share of net electricity generation, Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia percentage Net electricity generation by source, Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia trillion kilowatthours Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia net electricity generation by source 76 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Net electricity generation by source, India trillion kilowatthours Share of net electricity generation, India percentage India net electricity generation by source 77 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo Net electricity generation by source, China trillion kilowatthours Share of net electricity generation, China percentage China net electricity generation by source 78 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Net electricity generation by source, Other non- OECD Asia trillion kilowatthours Share of net electricity generation, Other non- OECD Asia percentage Other non-OECD Asia net electricity generation by source 79 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Net electricity generation by source, Middle East trillion kilowatthours Share of net electricity generation, Middle East percentage Middle East net electricity generation by source 80 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Net electricity generation by source, Africa trillion kilowatthours Share of net electricity generation, Africa percentage Africa net electricity generation by source 81 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Net electricity generation by source, Brazil trillion kilowatthours Share of net electricity generation, Brazil percentage Brazil net electricity generation by source 82 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Net electricity generation by source, Other non- OECD Americas trillion kilowatthours Share of net electricity generation, Other non-OECD Americas percentage Other non-OECD Americas net electricity generation by source 83 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Installed electric generating capacity by source, United States gigawatts Share of installed electric generating capacity, United States percentage United States electric generating capacity by source 84 history projections battery storage other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 50 100 150 200 250 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Installed electric generating capacity by source, Canada gigawatts Share of installed electric generating capacity, Canada percentage Canada electric generating capacity by source 85 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 50 100 150 200 250 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Installed electric generating capacity by source, Mexico and other OECD Americas gigawatts Share of installed electric generating capacity, Mexico and other OECD Americas percentage Mexico and other OECD Americas electric generating capacity by source 86 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Installed electric generating capacity by source, OECD Europe gigawatts Share of installed electric generating capacity, OECD Europe percentage OECD Europe electric generating capacity by source 87 history projections battery storage other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Installed electric generating capacity by source, Japan gigawatts Share of installed electric generating capacity, Japan percentage Japan electric generating capacity by source 88 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 50 100 150 200 250 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Installed electric generating capacity by source, South Korea gigawatts Share of installed electric generating capacity, South Korea percentage South Korea electric generating capacity by source 89 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 50 100 150 200 250 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Installed electric generating capacity by source, Australia and New Zealand gigawatts Share of installed electric generating capacity, Australia and New Zealand percentage Australia and New Zealand electric generating capacity by source 90 history projections battery storage other solar wind hydroelectric natural gas coal
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Installed electric generating capacity by source, Russia gigawatts Share of installed electric generating capacity, Russia percentage Russia electric generating capacity by source 91 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Installed electric generating capacity by source, Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia gigawatts Share of installed electric generating capacity, Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia percentage Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia electric generating capacity by source 92 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Installed electric generating capacity by source, China gigawatts Share of installed electric generating capacity, China percentage China electric generating capacity by source 93 history projections battery storage other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Installed electric generating capacity by source, India gigawatts Share of installed electric generating capacity, India percentage India electric generating capacity by source 94 history projections battery storage other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Installed electric generating capacity by source, Other non-OECD Asia gigawatts Share of installed electric generating capacity, Other non-OECD Asia percentage Other non-OECD Asia electric generating capacity by source 95 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Installed electric generating capacity by source, Middle East gigawatts Share of installed electric generating capacity, Middle East percentage Middle East electric generating capacity by source 96 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Installed electric generating capacity by source, Africa gigawatts Share of installed electric generating capacity, Africa percentage Africa electric generating capacity by source 97 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 50 100 150 200 250 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Installed electric generating capacity by source, Brazil gigawatts Share of installed electric generating capacity, Brazil percentage Brazil electric generating capacity by source 98 history projections battery storage other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 50 100 150 200 250 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Installed electric generating capacity by source, Other non-OECD Americas gigawatts Share of installed electric generating capacity, Other non-OECD Americas percentage Other non-OECD Americas electric generating capacity by source 99 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo Installed electric generating capacity, India gigawatts Installed electric generating capacity, Canada gigawatts India and Canada electric generating capacity by source 100 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 other battery storage solar wind hydroelectric natural gas coal history projections 0 50 100 150 200 250 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 other nuclear solar wind hydroelectric natural gas coal history projections
Coal
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Hundreds non-OECD OECD Coal share of electric power generation percentage OECD and non-OECD coal share of electric power 102 history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 World coal consumption billion short tons World coal production billion short tons World coal consumption and production 103 history projections 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Thousands India China Other non-OECD Asia Other non-OECD United States OECD Europe Other OECD history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2020 2030 2040 2050 thermal metallurgical history projections 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2020 2030 2040 2050 thermal metallurgical World coal consumption by subtypes billion short tons World coal trade by subtypes billion short tons World coal consumption and trade by subtypes 104 history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 2 4 6 8 10 2020 2030 2040 2050 rest of the world Russia United States OECD Europe Other non- OECD Asia China India history projections 0 2 4 6 8 10 2020 2030 2040 2050 rest of the world Russia United States Australia and New Zealand Other non- OECD Asia China India Thermal coal consumption billion short tons Thermal coal production billion short tons World thermal coal consumption and production 105 history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 2020 2030 2040 2050 rest of world Other non- OECD Asia India China South Korea Japan OECD Europe history projections 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 2020 2030 2040 2050 rest of world Other non- Asian OECD Russia Africa United States Australia and New Zealand Thermal coal imports billion short tons Thermal coal exports billion short tons World thermal coal imports and exports 106 history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 2020 2030 2040 2050 rest of world Russia United States OECD Europe Other non- OECD Asia China India history projections 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 2020 2030 2040 2050 rest of world Russia United States Australia and New Zealand Other non- OECD Asia China India Metallurgical coal consumption billion short tons Metallurgical coal production billion short tons World metallurgical coal consumption and production 107 history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 2020 2030 2040 2050 rest of world Other non- OECD Asia India China South Korea Japan OECD Europe history projections 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 2020 2030 2040 2050 rest of world Other non- OECD Asia Russia Canada Africa United States Australia and New Zealand Metallurgical coal imports billion short tons Metallurgical coal exports billion short tons World metallurgical coal imports and exports 108 history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 buildings electric power industrial 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 imports production history projections Coal consumption in China quadrillion British thermal units Coal supply in China billion short tons China coal consumption and supply 109 history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 electric power industrial buildings Coal consumption by sector, India quadrillion British thermal units Power sector energy consumption by source, India quadrillion British thermal units India coal and power sector consumption 110 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 renewables coal natural gas nuclear liquid fuels history projections history projections
Petroleum and other liquids
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 history projections High Economic Growth High Oil Price Reference Low Oil Price Low Economic Growth World liquid fuels consumption million barrels per day Liquid fuels consumption across cases 112
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 transportation industrial residential commercial Petroleum and other liquid fuels consumption quadrillion British thermal units Petroleum and other liquid fuels consumption quadrillion British thermal units Liquid fuels consumption by sector and region 113 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 OECD non-OECD history projections history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 transportation industrial residential commercial End-use sector liquid fuels consumption, world quadrillion British thermal units Petroleum and other liquids consumption 114 history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 transportation industrial buildings electric power Refined petroleum and other liquids consumption by sector, OECD quadrillion British thermal units OECD and non-OECD liquid fuels consumption by sector 115 history projections history projections Refined petroleum and other liquids consumption by sector, non-OECD quadrillion British thermal units transportation industrial buildings electric power
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Refined petroleum and other liquids consumption, transportation quadrillion British thermal units Refined petroleum and other liquids consumption, industrial quadrillion British thermal units OECD and non-OECD liquid fuels consumption in the transportation and industrial sectors 116 history projections non-OECD OECD
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 non-OPEC OPEC World crude oil and lease condensate production million barrels per day OPEC and non-OPEC crude oil and lease condensate production 117 history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 OPEC crude oil and lease condensate non-OPEC crude oil and lease condensate natural gas plant liquids and other liquid fuels World petroleum and other liquid fuels production million barrels per day World liquid fuels production 118
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 crude oil natural gas plant liquids World liquid fuels production by select type millions of barrels per day World crude oil and natural gas plant liquids production 119 history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo OPEC crude oil and lease condensate production by select regions million barrels per day OPEC crude oil production by region 120 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 South America Central and West Africa North Africa Middle East history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 United States Russia Canada Brazil Non-OPEC crude oil and lease condensate production by select regions millions of barrels per day Non-OPEC crude oil production by region 121 history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 5 10 15 20 2020 2030 2040 2050 Crude oil production by select regions million barrels per day Total liquid fuels consumption by select regions million barrels per day Non-OECD Asia crude oil production and liquid fuels consumption 122 China Other non- OECD Asia India China Other non- OECD Asia India 0 5 10 15 20 2020 2030 2040 2050
Natural Gas
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 OECD non-OECD World natural gas consumption quadrillion British thermal units OECD and non-OECD natural gas consumption 124 history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo OECD natural gas consumption quadrillion British thermal units Non-OECD natural gas consumption quadrillion British thermal units OECD and non-OECD natural gas consumption by region 125 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 China India Other Asia Middle East Africa Americas Europe and Eurasia Asia Americas Europe history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Middle East Canada United States rest of world Natural gas consumption for oil and natural gas extraction industries quadrillion British thermal units Natural gas consumption for oil and natural gas extraction 126 history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 industrial electric power transportation World natural gas consumption by sector quadrillion British thermal units World natural gas consumption by sector 127
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 25 50 75 100 125 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections 0 25 50 75 100 125 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 transportation electric power industrial buildings Natural gas consumption by sector, OECD quadrillion British thermal units OECD and non-OECD natural gas consumption by sector 128 history projections Natural gas consumption by sector, non-OECD quadrillion British thermal units
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 World natural gas production trillion cubic feet World natural gas production 129
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo Natural gas production by region, select regions trillion cubic feet 0 10 20 30 40 50 2020 2030 2040 2050 United States Natural gas production, top producing regions 130 0 10 20 30 40 50 2020 2030 2040 2050 Russia 0 10 20 30 40 50 2020 2030 2040 2050 non-OECD Asia 0 10 20 30 40 50 2020 2030 2040 2050 Canada 0 10 20 30 40 50 2020 2030 2040 2050 Middle East
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 2020 2030 2040 2050 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2020 2030 2040 2050 Natural gas production by select regions trillion cubic feet Net exports of natural gas trillion cubic feet Natural gas production and net exports, top producing regions 131 United States Russia Middle East Russia United States Middle East
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 Americas Europe Australia and New Zealand Japan and South Korea Middle East Europe and Eurasia Africa Asia Net imports of natural gas trillion cubic feet OECD and non-OECD natural gas net imports 132 OECD non-OECD 2020 2030 2040 2050
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 non-OECD Asia OECD Europe Japan and South Korea history projections Net imports of natural gas trillion cubic feet Natural gas net imports, top importing regions 133
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 consumption production Natural gas consumption and production, Asia trillion cubic feet Asia natural gas production and consumption 134
Emissions
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 non-OECD OECD Energy-related carbon dioxide emissions billion metric tons OECD and non-OECD energy-related carbon dioxide emissions 136 history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 total natural gas liquid fuels coal 2020–2035 2035–2050 Net change in carbon dioxide emissions, OECD million metric tons Net change in OECD and non-OECD energy-related carbon dioxide emissions by fossil fuel source 137 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 total natural gas liquid fuels coal 2020–2035 2035–2050 Net change in carbon dioxide emissions, non-OECD million metric tons
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 coal liquid fuels natural gas Energy-related carbon dioxide emissions billion metric tons World energy-related carbon dioxide emissions by fuel type 138 history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 1 2 3 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 United States China OECD Europe India OECD Asia non-OECD Europe and Eurasia history projections Liquid fuels-related carbon dioxide emissions for select regions billion metric tons Petroleum liquids carbon dioxide emissions by region 139
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 United States non-OECD Europe and Eurasia OECD-Europe China OECD Asia India Natural gas-related carbon dioxide emissions for select regions billion metric tons Natural gas carbon dioxide emissions by region 140 history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 2 4 6 8 10 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 China India non-OECD Europe and Eurasia United States OECD Europe Coal-related carbon dioxide emissions for selected countries/regions billion metric tons Coal carbon dioxide emissions by region 141 history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo Energy-related carbon dioxide emissions by fuel type, India billion metric tons Energy-related carbon dioxide emissions in India by fossil fuel source 142 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 history projections natural gas liquids coal
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2020 2030 2040 2050 Kaya identity components OECD and non-OECD Kaya identity components 143 $0 $10 $20 $30 $40 $50 $60 $70 $80 $90 2020 2030 2040 2050 OECD non-OECD 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2020 2030 2040 2050 non-OECD OECD 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 2020 2030 2040 2050 non-OECD OECD Population billion people Per capita GDP thousand dollars per person Energy intensity thousand British thermal units per dollar Carbon intensity metric tons CO2 per billion British thermal units non-OECD OECD
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 economy-wide electricity history projections World carbon dioxide emissions billion metric tons World energy-related and electricity-related carbon dioxide emissions 144
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 2 4 6 8 10 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 non-OECD OECD Electricity carbon dioxide emissions, OECD versus non-OECD billion metric tons Carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation 145 history projections
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 non-OECD OECD history projections Electricity carbon dioxide emissions intensity million metric tons CO2 per billion kilowatthour OECD and non-OECD carbon dioxide intensity of electricity 146
References
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo • b/d = barrels per day • Btu = British thermal unit • CO2 = carbon dioxide • EIA = U.S. Energy Information Administration • GDP = gross domestic product • GTL = gas-to-liquids • GW = gigawatts • IEO = International Energy Outlook • LNG = liquefied natural gas • PPP = purchasing power parity Acronyms and abbreviations 148
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo • OECD = Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development • OPEC = Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries = Algeria, Angola, Congo, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela. • Petroleum and other liquids = crude oil and lease condensate (including tight oil, shale oil, extra-heavy oil, field condensate, and bitumen) and other liquid fuels (natural gas plant liquids, liquids from renewable sources [biofuels, including ethanol, biodiesel, and biomass-to- liquids], liquids from natural gas [gas-to-liquids], liquids from coal [coal-to-liquids], and liquids from kerogen [oil shale]). • Tcf = trillion cubic feet Acronyms and abbreviations 149
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo • OECD Americas = United States, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands and Mexico. • OECD Europe = Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, and United Kingdom. (Note: Israel is included in OECD Europe for statistical reporting purposes.) • OECD Asia = Australia, American Samoa, Guam, Japan, New Zealand, and South Korea. IEO regional definitions: OECD Regions 150
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo • Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia = Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Faroe Islands, Georgia, Gibraltar, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. • Other non-OECD Asia = Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Burma (Myanmar), Cambodia (Kampuchea), Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Kiribati, Laos, Macau, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Nauru, Nepal, New Caledonia, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands North Korea, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Samoa, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Timor-Leste (East Timor), Tonga, Vanuatu, Vietnam, and Wake Islands. • Middle East = Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Palestinian Territories, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. IEO regional definitions: non-OECD Regions 151
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo • Africa = Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Kinshasa), Côte d’Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Reunion, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, St. Helena, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Western Sahara, Zambia, and Zimbabwe • Other non-OECD Americas = Antarctica, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Falkland Islands, French Guiana, Greenland, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Pierre and Miquelon, St. Vincent/Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, Uruguay and Venezuela. IEO regional definitions: non-OECD Regions 152
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo Map of IEO regions 153
#IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo U.S. Energy Information Administration home page | www.eia.gov Short-Term Energy Outlook | www.eia.gov/outlooks/steo Annual Energy Outlook | www.eia.gov/aeo International Energy Outlook | www.eia.gov/ieo Monthly Energy Review | www.eia.gov/mer Today in Energy | www.eia.gov/todayinenergy For more information October 6, 2021 www.eia.gov/outlooks/ieo #IEO2021 154

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IEO2021_ChartLibrary_full.pptx

  • 1. International Energy Outlook 2021 with projections to 2050 Chart library October 6, 2021 www.eia.gov/ieo #IEO2021
  • 2. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 2 U.S. Energy Information Administration Office of Energy Analysis U.S. Department of Energy Washington, DC 20585 This publication is online at: https://www.eia.gov/ieo This report was prepared by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), the statistical and analytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy. By law, EIA's data, analyses, and forecasts are independent of approval by any other officer or employee of the United States Government. The views in this report therefore should not be construed as representing those of the Department of Energy or other federal agencies. International Energy Outlook 2021 with projections to 2050 October 2021
  • 3. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo Table of contents 3 Macroeconomics and assumptions Consumption Industrial Buildings Transportation Electricity Coal Petroleum and other liquids Natural gas Emissions References slide number 4 10 18 29 44 59 101 111 123 135 147
  • 5. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo $0 $50 $100 $150 $200 $250 $300 $350 $400 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 High Economic Growth Reference Low Economic Growth High Economic Growth Reference Low Economic Growth OECD non-OECD history projections 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 High Economic Growth Reference Low Economic Growth High Economic Growth Reference Low Economic Growth OECD non-OECD history projections World GDP trillion 2015 dollars, purchasing power parity (PPP) Energy consumption quadrillion British thermal units OECD and non-OECD GDP and energy consumption 5
  • 6. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo $0 $25 $50 $75 $100 $125 $150 $175 $200 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 OECD non-OECD World oil prices 2020 dollars per barrel World energy consumption quadrillion British thermal units World oil prices and energy consumption 6 history projections Low Oil Price Reference High Oil Price High Oil Price Reference Low Oil Price High Oil Price Reference Low Oil Price history projections
  • 7. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo World petroleum and other liquid fuels consumption million barrels per day World petroleum and other liquid fuels production and consumption 7 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 High Oil Price Reference Low Oil Price High Oil Price Reference Low Oil Price OECD non-OECD history projections 2050 Low Oil Price case 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 2050 High Oil Price case OPEC crude oil and lease condensate non-OPEC crude oil and lease condensate natural gas plant liquids and other liquid fuels 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 2020 2050 Reference case World petroleum and other liquid fuels production million barrels per day
  • 8. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo $0 $50 $100 $150 $200 $250 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 $0 $10 $20 $30 $40 $50 $60 $70 2010 2030 2050 non- OECD OECD World GDP trillion 2015 dollars, purchasing power parity (PPP) World per capita GDP thousand 2015 dollars per person, purchasing power parity (PPP) Economic growth and purchasing power 8 history projections history projections non-OECD OECD
  • 9. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% Average annual percentage change in GDP, OECD 2020–2050 GDP growth rates by region 9 Average annual percentage change in GDP, non-OECD 2020–2050
  • 11. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 OECD non-OECD history projections World energy consumption quadrillion British thermal units World energy consumption 11
  • 12. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 petroleum and other liquids natural gas electricity coal renewables history projections End-use energy consumption by sector, world quadrillion British thermal units World energy consumption by sector and fuel 12 history projections industrial transportation residential commercial End-use energy consumption by fuel, world quadrillion British thermal units
  • 13. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2020 2050 renewables coal petroleum and other liquids natural gas nuclear 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Primary energy consumption by energy source, world quadrillion British thermal units Share of primary energy consumption by source, world percentage Primary energy consumption by energy source 1 includes biofuels 13 history projections petroleum and other liquids1 renewables natural gas coal nuclear history projections
  • 14. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo Delivered energy consumption by fuel, OECD quadrillion British thermal units Delivered energy consumption by fuel, non-OECD quadrillion British thermal units Energy consumption by fuel 14 0 100 200 300 400 500 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0 100 200 300 400 500 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections renewables electricity coal natural gas liquids history projections
  • 15. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 100 200 300 400 500 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 residential commercial transportation industrial 0 100 200 300 400 500 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 residential commercial transportation industrial Energy consumption by sector, OECD quadrillion British thermal units Energy consumption by sector, non-OECD quadrillion British thermal units Energy consumption by end-use sector 15 history projections history projections
  • 16. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 OECD energy consumption by region quadrillion British thermal units Non-OECD energy consumption by region quadrillion British thermal units Energy consumption by region 16 history projections 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Asia Middle East Africa Americas Europe and Eurasia Americas Asia Europe
  • 17. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo $0 $25 $50 $75 $100 $125 $150 $175 $200 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Thousands non-OECD OECD 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 OECD China GDP, select regions trillion 2015 dollars World electricity use, select regions quadrillion British thermal units Economic growth and electricity use 17 history projections China non-OECD history projections
  • 19. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo -6% -4% -2% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 non-OECD OECD 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Industrial gross output growth year-over-year percentage Industrial energy consumption quadrillion British thermal units Industrial economic growth and energy use 19 non-OECD OECD history projections history projections
  • 20. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 rest of world OECD Europe India China Other non-OECD Asia Share of energy-intensive manufacturing gross output by region percentage Global shares of industrial economic output 20 history projections
  • 21. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 $0 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $600 $700 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Energy consumption by industry, world quadrillion British thermal units Gross output by sector, world trillion 2015 dollars, purchasing power parity (PPP) Industrial energy use and economic growth by industry type 21 history projections services (non-industrial sector) energy-intensive manufacturing non-energy- intensive manufacturing non-manufacturing energy intensive manufacturing non-energy- intensive manufacturing non- manufacturing
  • 22. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Shares of gross economic output by sector, OECD percentage Shares of gross economic output by sector, non-OECD percentage Share of industrial economic output by industry type 22 services non- manufacturing non-energy- intensive manufacturing energy- intensive manufacturing
  • 23. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Industrial sector energy consumption by source, OECD quadrillion British thermal units Industrial sector energy consumption by source, non-OECD quadrillion British thermal units Industrial energy consumption by source 23 history projections renewables natural gas electricity liquids coal history projections
  • 24. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 rest of world India China Other non-OECD Asia 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 coal liquid fuels natural gas renewables electricity Industrial coal consumption quadrillion British thermal units Industrial energy consumption, India quadrillion British thermal units Industrial coal consumption 24 history projections history projections
  • 25. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Asia Americas Europe 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 China India Other Asia Middle East Africa Americas Europe and Eurasia Industrial energy consumption, OECD quadrillion British thermal units Industrial energy consumption, non-OECD quadrillion British thermal units Industrial energy consumption by region 25 history projections history projections
  • 26. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Energy consumption, non-OECD motor vehicle production quadrillion British thermal units Energy consumption, non-OECD nonferrous metals production quadrillion British thermal units Motor vehicle and non ferrous metals production energy use by fuel, non-OECD 26 electricity coal natural gas liquid fuels history projections history projections
  • 27. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 OECD maximum non-OECD maximum OECD average OECD minimum non-OECD average non-OECD minimum Regional industrial energy intensity index, 2020 = 1.0 Changes in industrial energy intensity Note: Maximum and minimum refers to the highest or lowest IEO2021 region within or outside the OECD 27
  • 28. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Energy consumption by industry type, OECD quadrillion British thermal units Energy consumption by industry type, non-OECD quadrillion British thermal units Energy consumption by industry type 28 energy- intensive manufacturing non-energy- intensive manufacturing non- manufacturing
  • 30. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 20 40 60 80 100 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0 20 40 60 80 100 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Building sector energy consumption, OECD quadrillion British thermal units Building sector energy consumption, non-OECD quadrillion British thermal units Residential and commercial buildings energy consumption 30 history projections residential commercial history projections
  • 31. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 20 40 60 80 100 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Buildings energy use 31 0 20 40 60 80 100 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 OECD non-OECD history projections 0 20 40 60 80 100 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 non-OECD OECD non-OECD OECD history projections history projections Buildings delivered energy consumption quadrillion British thermal units Residential delivered energy consumption quadrillion British thermal units Commercial delivered energy consumption quadrillion British thermal units
  • 32. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo -2 0 2 4 6 8 2019 2030 non-OECD residential non-OECD commercial OECD commercial OECD residential history projections 2025 Change in buildings energy use by sector and region quadrillion British thermal units (difference from 2019 values) Residential and commercial buildings change in energy use since 2019 32
  • 33. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo $0 $10 $20 $30 $40 $50 2020 2030 2040 2050 Household income per capita thousand 2015 dollars per person, purchasing power parity (PPP) Household income by region 33 OECD Americas OECD Average OECD Europe OECD Asia non-OECD Europe non-OECD Asia non-OECD Average non-OECD Americas Middle East Africa
  • 34. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Residential sector energy consumption by fuel, OECD quadrillion British thermal units Residential energy consumption by fuel 34 history projections electricity natural gas liquid fuels renewables coal history projections Residential sector energy consumption by fuel, non-OECD quadrillion British thermal units
  • 35. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Commercial sector energy consumption by fuel, OECD quadrillion British thermal units Commercial sector energy consumption by fuel, non-OECD quadrillion British thermal units Commercial buildings energy consumption by fuel 35 history projections electricity natural gas liquid fuels coal renewables history projections
  • 36. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo Buildings sector energy consumption by fuel, OECD percentage Buildings sector energy consumption by fuel, non-OECD percentage Shares of residential and commercial energy consumption by fuel 36 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections renewables coal liquid fuels natural gas commercial electricity residential electricity
  • 37. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 10 20 30 40 50 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 non-OECD OECD 0 10 20 30 40 50 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 OECD non-OECD history projections Commercial delivered electricity use quadrillion British thermal units Buildings electricity consumption 37 0 10 20 30 40 50 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 non-OECD OECD history projections history projections Buildings delivered electricity use quadrillion British thermal units Residential delivered electricity use quadrillion British thermal units
  • 38. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo Residential energy consumption per person, OECD million British thermal units per person Residential energy consumption per person, non-OECD million British thermal units per person Residential buildings energy consumption 38 0 20 40 60 Mexico and Other Americas Japan South Korea Australia and New Zealand OECD Europe United States Canada OECD 2020 2050 0 20 40 60 Africa India Other Asia Brazil Other Americas China Middle East Other Europe and Eurasia Russia non-OECD 2020 2050
  • 39. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo Commercial energy consumption per person, OECD million British thermal units per person Commercial energy consumption per person, non-OECD million British thermal units per person Commercial buildings energy consumption 39 0 10 20 30 Mexico and Other Americas Japan South Korea Australia and New Zealand OECD Europe United States Canada OECD 2020 2050 0 10 20 30 Africa India Other Asia Brazil Other Americas China Middle East Other Europe and Eurasia Russia non-OECD 2020 2050
  • 40. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 OECD residential energy consumption quadrillion British thermal units Non-OECD residential energy consumption quadrillion British thermal units Residential energy use by region 40 history projections China India Other Asia Middle East Africa Americas Europe and Eurasia Asia Americas Europe history projections
  • 41. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo OECD commercial energy consumption quadrillion British thermal units Non-OECD commercial energy consumption quadrillion British thermal units Commercial energy use by region 41 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Asia Americas Europe and Eurasia 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 China India Other Asia Middle East Africa Americas Europe and Eurasia history projections history projections
  • 42. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 5 10 15 South Korea Australia and New Zealand Mexico and Other Americas Canada Japan OECD Europe United States OECD 2020 2050 Residential delivered electricity consumption quadrillion British thermal units Commercial delivered electricity consumption quadrillion British thermal units OECD energy use by building type 42 0 5 10 15 South Korea Australia and New Zealand Mexico and Other Americas Canada Japan OECD Europe United States OECD 2020 2050
  • 43. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 10 20 30 40 Africa China India all others Total non-OECD 2020 2050 Residential delivered electricity consumption quadrillion British thermal units Commercial delivered electricity consumption quadrillion British thermal units Non-OECD energy use by building type 43 0 5 10 15 20 Africa China India all others Total non-OECD 2020 2050
  • 45. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 20 40 60 80 100 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 non-OECD OECD Transportation energy consumption quadrillion British thermal units Global transportation energy consumption 45 history projections
  • 46. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo OECD transportation energy consumption quadrillion British thermal units Non-OECD transportation energy consumption quadrillion British thermal units Transportation energy consumption by region 46 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 China India Other Asia Middle East Africa Americas Europe and Eurasia Asia Americas Europe history projections history projections
  • 47. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Transportation energy consumption, OECD quadrillion British thermal units Transportation energy consumption by fuel type 47 history projections 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 other liquids electricity natural gas motor gasoline jet fuel liquefied petroleum gas diesel residual fuel oil history projections Transportation energy consumption, non-OECD quadrillion British thermal units
  • 48. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 10 20 30 40 motor gasoline and E85 distillate fuel oil and biodiesel jet fuel residual fuel oil natural gas electricity liquefied petroleum gas other liquids 2020 2050 Transportation energy consumption, OECD quadrillion British thermal units Transportation energy consumption by fuel type 48 0 10 20 30 40 motor gasoline and E85 distillate fuel oil and biodiesel jet fuel residual fuel oil natural gas electricity liquefied petroleum gas other liquids 2020 2050 Transportation energy consumption, non-OECD quadrillion British thermal units
  • 49. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Transportation sector energy consumption, OECD quadrillion British thermal units Transportation energy consumption by type 49 history projections passenger freight history projections Transportation sector energy consumption, non-OECD quadrillion British thermal units
  • 50. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 Passenger vehicle travel, select regions billion passenger miles traveled Passenger vehicle travel by region 50 history projections China India United States Other non-OECD Asia Africa OECD Europe Middle East
  • 51. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 electric plug-in hybrid natural gas diesel motor gasoline liquefied petroleum gas Light-duty vehicle stock, OECD billions of vehicles Global light-duty vehicle stock by fuel type 51 history projections history projections Light-duty vehicle stock, non-OECD billions of vehicles
  • 52. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Passenger travel demand, energy use, and energy intensity 52 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 OECD non-OECD history projections 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 non-OECD OECD non-OECD OECD history projections history projections Passenger travel demand trillion passenger-miles Passenger travel energy use quadrillion British thermal units Passenger travel energy intensity quadrillion British thermal units per passenger-mile
  • 53. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 2019 2020 2050 history projections 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 2019 2020 2050 Passenger travel demand by mode, OECD trillion passenger-miles Passenger travel demand by mode, non-OECD trillion passenger-miles Passenger travel demand by mode 53 history projections rail light duty vehicles buses air two- or three- wheeled vehicles
  • 54. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Passenger transportation energy consumption, OECD quadrillion British thermal units Passenger transportation energy consumption by mode 54 light-duty vehicles air two- or three- wheeled vehicles rail buses history projections history projections Passenger transportation energy consumption, non-OECD quadrillion British thermal units
  • 55. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Thousands total passenger stock Light-duty passenger vehicle stock billions of passenger vehicles Light-duty passenger vehicle stock by technology Note: Electric stock includes all-electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. 55 0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Thousands 0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Thousands history projections history projections history projections non-OECD OECD non-OECD OECD non-OECD OECD conventional stock electric stock
  • 56. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo Passenger air travel, efficiency, and jet fuel energy consumption, OECD index, 2019 = 1.0 Passenger air travel, efficiency, and jet fuel consumption 56 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 air travel jet fuel consumption air travel efficiency 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 air travel jet fuel consumption air travel efficiency history projections history projections Passenger air travel, efficiency, and jet fuel energy consumption, non-OECD index, 2019 = 1.0
  • 57. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 Passenger air travel, select regions trillion passenger–miles traveled Passenger air travel by region 57 history projections China India United States Other Asia Africa OECD Europe Middle East
  • 58. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Freight transportation energy consumption, OECD quadrillion British thermal units Freight transportation energy consumption by mode 58 heavy heavy truck medium heavy truck light heavy truck pipeline international marine domestic marine rail history projections history projections Freight transportation energy consumption, non-OECD quadrillion British thermal units
  • 60. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 other wind solar hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal World net electricity generation by source trillion kilowatthours World net electricity generation by source trillion kilowatthours World net electricity generation by source 60 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections history projections solar coal natural gas wind hydroelectric nuclear other
  • 61. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 10 20 30 40 50 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 renewables natural gas coal nuclear liquid fuels history projections World net electricity generation by source trillion kilowatthours Share of net electricity generation percentage World net electricity generation shares by fuel 61 history projections
  • 62. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 5 10 15 20 25 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 other geothermal solar wind hydroelectric history projections World net electricity generation from renewables trillion kilowatthours Share of renewable energy percentage World net electricity generation from renewables 62 history projections
  • 63. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 non-OECD OECD 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 industrial residential commercial transportation OECD and non-OECD net electricity generation trillion kilowatthours World electricity use by sector quadrillion British thermal units World net electricity generation by region and electricity use by sector 63 history projections history projections
  • 64. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 10 20 30 40 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0 10 20 30 40 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 OECD electricity generation trillion kilowatthours Non-OECD electricity generation trillion kilowatthours Electricity generation in Reference, High Economic Growth, and Low Economic Growth cases 64 history projections history projections High Economic Growth Reference Low Economic Growth
  • 65. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo -2% -1% 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections -2% -1% 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 OECD electricity generation growth rate 3-year average, percentage Non-OECD electricity generation growth rate 3-year average, percentage Electricity generation growth rate in Reference, High Economic Growth, and Low Economic Growth cases 65 High Economic Growth Reference Low Economic Growth High Economic Growth Reference Low Economic Growth history projections
  • 66. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 OECD electricity generation change from 2020, by type trillion kilowatthours Non-OECD electricity generation change from 2020, by type trillion kilowatthours Electricity generation change from 2020, by type 66 non- renewables renewables
  • 67. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo Total electricity consumption by sector, OECD quadrillion British thermal units Total electricity consumption by sector 67 history projections 0 20 40 60 80 100 2020 2030 2040 2050 residential commercial industrial transportation history projections 0 20 40 60 80 100 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections residential commercial industrial transportation Total electricity consumption by sector, non-OECD quadrillion British thermal units
  • 68. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Net electricity generation by source, United States trillion kilowatthours Share of net electricity generation, United States percentage United States net electricity generation by source 68 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
  • 69. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Net electricity generation by source, Canada trillion kilowatthours Share of net electricity generation, Canada percentage Canada net electricity generation by source 69 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
  • 70. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Net electricity generation by source, Mexico and other OECD Americas trillion kilowatthours Share of net electricity generation, Mexico and other OECD Americas percentage Mexico and other OECD Americas net electricity generation by source 70 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
  • 71. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Net electricity generation by source, Japan trillion kilowatthours Share of net electricity generation, Japan percentage Japan net electricity generation by source 71 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
  • 72. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo Net electricity generation by source, South Korea trillion kilowatthours Share of net electricity generation, South Korea percentage South Korea net electricity generation by source 72 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal history projections
  • 73. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Net electricity generation by source, Australia and New Zealand trillion kilowatthours Share of net electricity generation, Australia and New Zealand percentage Australia and New Zealand net electricity generation by source 73 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
  • 74. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 1 2 3 4 5 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Net electricity generation by source, OECD Europe trillion kilowatthours Share of net electricity generation, OECD Europe percentage OECD Europe net electricity generation by source 74 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
  • 75. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Net electricity generation by source, Russia trillion kilowatthours Share of net electricity generation, Russia percentage Russia net electricity generation by source 75 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
  • 76. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo Share of net electricity generation, Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia percentage Net electricity generation by source, Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia trillion kilowatthours Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia net electricity generation by source 76 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
  • 77. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Net electricity generation by source, India trillion kilowatthours Share of net electricity generation, India percentage India net electricity generation by source 77 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
  • 78. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo Net electricity generation by source, China trillion kilowatthours Share of net electricity generation, China percentage China net electricity generation by source 78 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal history projections
  • 79. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Net electricity generation by source, Other non- OECD Asia trillion kilowatthours Share of net electricity generation, Other non- OECD Asia percentage Other non-OECD Asia net electricity generation by source 79 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
  • 80. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Net electricity generation by source, Middle East trillion kilowatthours Share of net electricity generation, Middle East percentage Middle East net electricity generation by source 80 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
  • 81. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Net electricity generation by source, Africa trillion kilowatthours Share of net electricity generation, Africa percentage Africa net electricity generation by source 81 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
  • 82. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Net electricity generation by source, Brazil trillion kilowatthours Share of net electricity generation, Brazil percentage Brazil net electricity generation by source 82 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
  • 83. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Net electricity generation by source, Other non- OECD Americas trillion kilowatthours Share of net electricity generation, Other non-OECD Americas percentage Other non-OECD Americas net electricity generation by source 83 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
  • 84. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Installed electric generating capacity by source, United States gigawatts Share of installed electric generating capacity, United States percentage United States electric generating capacity by source 84 history projections battery storage other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
  • 85. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 50 100 150 200 250 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Installed electric generating capacity by source, Canada gigawatts Share of installed electric generating capacity, Canada percentage Canada electric generating capacity by source 85 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
  • 86. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 50 100 150 200 250 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Installed electric generating capacity by source, Mexico and other OECD Americas gigawatts Share of installed electric generating capacity, Mexico and other OECD Americas percentage Mexico and other OECD Americas electric generating capacity by source 86 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
  • 87. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Installed electric generating capacity by source, OECD Europe gigawatts Share of installed electric generating capacity, OECD Europe percentage OECD Europe electric generating capacity by source 87 history projections battery storage other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
  • 88. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Installed electric generating capacity by source, Japan gigawatts Share of installed electric generating capacity, Japan percentage Japan electric generating capacity by source 88 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
  • 89. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 50 100 150 200 250 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Installed electric generating capacity by source, South Korea gigawatts Share of installed electric generating capacity, South Korea percentage South Korea electric generating capacity by source 89 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
  • 90. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 50 100 150 200 250 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Installed electric generating capacity by source, Australia and New Zealand gigawatts Share of installed electric generating capacity, Australia and New Zealand percentage Australia and New Zealand electric generating capacity by source 90 history projections battery storage other solar wind hydroelectric natural gas coal
  • 91. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Installed electric generating capacity by source, Russia gigawatts Share of installed electric generating capacity, Russia percentage Russia electric generating capacity by source 91 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
  • 92. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Installed electric generating capacity by source, Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia gigawatts Share of installed electric generating capacity, Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia percentage Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia electric generating capacity by source 92 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
  • 93. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Installed electric generating capacity by source, China gigawatts Share of installed electric generating capacity, China percentage China electric generating capacity by source 93 history projections battery storage other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
  • 94. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Installed electric generating capacity by source, India gigawatts Share of installed electric generating capacity, India percentage India electric generating capacity by source 94 history projections battery storage other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
  • 95. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Installed electric generating capacity by source, Other non-OECD Asia gigawatts Share of installed electric generating capacity, Other non-OECD Asia percentage Other non-OECD Asia electric generating capacity by source 95 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
  • 96. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Installed electric generating capacity by source, Middle East gigawatts Share of installed electric generating capacity, Middle East percentage Middle East electric generating capacity by source 96 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
  • 97. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Installed electric generating capacity by source, Africa gigawatts Share of installed electric generating capacity, Africa percentage Africa electric generating capacity by source 97 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
  • 98. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 50 100 150 200 250 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Installed electric generating capacity by source, Brazil gigawatts Share of installed electric generating capacity, Brazil percentage Brazil electric generating capacity by source 98 history projections battery storage other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
  • 99. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 50 100 150 200 250 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections Installed electric generating capacity by source, Other non-OECD Americas gigawatts Share of installed electric generating capacity, Other non-OECD Americas percentage Other non-OECD Americas electric generating capacity by source 99 history projections other solar wind hydroelectric nuclear natural gas coal
  • 100. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo Installed electric generating capacity, India gigawatts Installed electric generating capacity, Canada gigawatts India and Canada electric generating capacity by source 100 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 other battery storage solar wind hydroelectric natural gas coal history projections 0 50 100 150 200 250 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 other nuclear solar wind hydroelectric natural gas coal history projections
  • 101. Coal
  • 102. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Hundreds non-OECD OECD Coal share of electric power generation percentage OECD and non-OECD coal share of electric power 102 history projections
  • 103. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 World coal consumption billion short tons World coal production billion short tons World coal consumption and production 103 history projections 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Thousands India China Other non-OECD Asia Other non-OECD United States OECD Europe Other OECD history projections
  • 104. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2020 2030 2040 2050 thermal metallurgical history projections 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2020 2030 2040 2050 thermal metallurgical World coal consumption by subtypes billion short tons World coal trade by subtypes billion short tons World coal consumption and trade by subtypes 104 history projections
  • 105. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 2 4 6 8 10 2020 2030 2040 2050 rest of the world Russia United States OECD Europe Other non- OECD Asia China India history projections 0 2 4 6 8 10 2020 2030 2040 2050 rest of the world Russia United States Australia and New Zealand Other non- OECD Asia China India Thermal coal consumption billion short tons Thermal coal production billion short tons World thermal coal consumption and production 105 history projections
  • 106. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 2020 2030 2040 2050 rest of world Other non- OECD Asia India China South Korea Japan OECD Europe history projections 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 2020 2030 2040 2050 rest of world Other non- Asian OECD Russia Africa United States Australia and New Zealand Thermal coal imports billion short tons Thermal coal exports billion short tons World thermal coal imports and exports 106 history projections
  • 107. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 2020 2030 2040 2050 rest of world Russia United States OECD Europe Other non- OECD Asia China India history projections 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 2020 2030 2040 2050 rest of world Russia United States Australia and New Zealand Other non- OECD Asia China India Metallurgical coal consumption billion short tons Metallurgical coal production billion short tons World metallurgical coal consumption and production 107 history projections
  • 108. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 2020 2030 2040 2050 rest of world Other non- OECD Asia India China South Korea Japan OECD Europe history projections 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 2020 2030 2040 2050 rest of world Other non- OECD Asia Russia Canada Africa United States Australia and New Zealand Metallurgical coal imports billion short tons Metallurgical coal exports billion short tons World metallurgical coal imports and exports 108 history projections
  • 109. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 buildings electric power industrial 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 imports production history projections Coal consumption in China quadrillion British thermal units Coal supply in China billion short tons China coal consumption and supply 109 history projections
  • 110. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 electric power industrial buildings Coal consumption by sector, India quadrillion British thermal units Power sector energy consumption by source, India quadrillion British thermal units India coal and power sector consumption 110 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 renewables coal natural gas nuclear liquid fuels history projections history projections
  • 112. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 history projections High Economic Growth High Oil Price Reference Low Oil Price Low Economic Growth World liquid fuels consumption million barrels per day Liquid fuels consumption across cases 112
  • 113. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 transportation industrial residential commercial Petroleum and other liquid fuels consumption quadrillion British thermal units Petroleum and other liquid fuels consumption quadrillion British thermal units Liquid fuels consumption by sector and region 113 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 OECD non-OECD history projections history projections
  • 114. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 transportation industrial residential commercial End-use sector liquid fuels consumption, world quadrillion British thermal units Petroleum and other liquids consumption 114 history projections
  • 115. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 transportation industrial buildings electric power Refined petroleum and other liquids consumption by sector, OECD quadrillion British thermal units OECD and non-OECD liquid fuels consumption by sector 115 history projections history projections Refined petroleum and other liquids consumption by sector, non-OECD quadrillion British thermal units transportation industrial buildings electric power
  • 116. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Refined petroleum and other liquids consumption, transportation quadrillion British thermal units Refined petroleum and other liquids consumption, industrial quadrillion British thermal units OECD and non-OECD liquid fuels consumption in the transportation and industrial sectors 116 history projections non-OECD OECD
  • 117. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 non-OPEC OPEC World crude oil and lease condensate production million barrels per day OPEC and non-OPEC crude oil and lease condensate production 117 history projections
  • 118. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 OPEC crude oil and lease condensate non-OPEC crude oil and lease condensate natural gas plant liquids and other liquid fuels World petroleum and other liquid fuels production million barrels per day World liquid fuels production 118
  • 119. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 crude oil natural gas plant liquids World liquid fuels production by select type millions of barrels per day World crude oil and natural gas plant liquids production 119 history projections
  • 120. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo OPEC crude oil and lease condensate production by select regions million barrels per day OPEC crude oil production by region 120 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 South America Central and West Africa North Africa Middle East history projections
  • 121. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 United States Russia Canada Brazil Non-OPEC crude oil and lease condensate production by select regions millions of barrels per day Non-OPEC crude oil production by region 121 history projections
  • 122. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 5 10 15 20 2020 2030 2040 2050 Crude oil production by select regions million barrels per day Total liquid fuels consumption by select regions million barrels per day Non-OECD Asia crude oil production and liquid fuels consumption 122 China Other non- OECD Asia India China Other non- OECD Asia India 0 5 10 15 20 2020 2030 2040 2050
  • 124. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 OECD non-OECD World natural gas consumption quadrillion British thermal units OECD and non-OECD natural gas consumption 124 history projections
  • 125. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo OECD natural gas consumption quadrillion British thermal units Non-OECD natural gas consumption quadrillion British thermal units OECD and non-OECD natural gas consumption by region 125 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 China India Other Asia Middle East Africa Americas Europe and Eurasia Asia Americas Europe history projections
  • 126. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Middle East Canada United States rest of world Natural gas consumption for oil and natural gas extraction industries quadrillion British thermal units Natural gas consumption for oil and natural gas extraction 126 history projections
  • 127. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 industrial electric power transportation World natural gas consumption by sector quadrillion British thermal units World natural gas consumption by sector 127
  • 128. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 25 50 75 100 125 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 history projections 0 25 50 75 100 125 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 transportation electric power industrial buildings Natural gas consumption by sector, OECD quadrillion British thermal units OECD and non-OECD natural gas consumption by sector 128 history projections Natural gas consumption by sector, non-OECD quadrillion British thermal units
  • 129. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 World natural gas production trillion cubic feet World natural gas production 129
  • 130. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo Natural gas production by region, select regions trillion cubic feet 0 10 20 30 40 50 2020 2030 2040 2050 United States Natural gas production, top producing regions 130 0 10 20 30 40 50 2020 2030 2040 2050 Russia 0 10 20 30 40 50 2020 2030 2040 2050 non-OECD Asia 0 10 20 30 40 50 2020 2030 2040 2050 Canada 0 10 20 30 40 50 2020 2030 2040 2050 Middle East
  • 131. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 2020 2030 2040 2050 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2020 2030 2040 2050 Natural gas production by select regions trillion cubic feet Net exports of natural gas trillion cubic feet Natural gas production and net exports, top producing regions 131 United States Russia Middle East Russia United States Middle East
  • 132. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 Americas Europe Australia and New Zealand Japan and South Korea Middle East Europe and Eurasia Africa Asia Net imports of natural gas trillion cubic feet OECD and non-OECD natural gas net imports 132 OECD non-OECD 2020 2030 2040 2050
  • 133. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 non-OECD Asia OECD Europe Japan and South Korea history projections Net imports of natural gas trillion cubic feet Natural gas net imports, top importing regions 133
  • 134. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 consumption production Natural gas consumption and production, Asia trillion cubic feet Asia natural gas production and consumption 134
  • 136. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 non-OECD OECD Energy-related carbon dioxide emissions billion metric tons OECD and non-OECD energy-related carbon dioxide emissions 136 history projections
  • 137. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 total natural gas liquid fuels coal 2020–2035 2035–2050 Net change in carbon dioxide emissions, OECD million metric tons Net change in OECD and non-OECD energy-related carbon dioxide emissions by fossil fuel source 137 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 total natural gas liquid fuels coal 2020–2035 2035–2050 Net change in carbon dioxide emissions, non-OECD million metric tons
  • 138. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 coal liquid fuels natural gas Energy-related carbon dioxide emissions billion metric tons World energy-related carbon dioxide emissions by fuel type 138 history projections
  • 139. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 1 2 3 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 United States China OECD Europe India OECD Asia non-OECD Europe and Eurasia history projections Liquid fuels-related carbon dioxide emissions for select regions billion metric tons Petroleum liquids carbon dioxide emissions by region 139
  • 140. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 United States non-OECD Europe and Eurasia OECD-Europe China OECD Asia India Natural gas-related carbon dioxide emissions for select regions billion metric tons Natural gas carbon dioxide emissions by region 140 history projections
  • 141. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 2 4 6 8 10 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 China India non-OECD Europe and Eurasia United States OECD Europe Coal-related carbon dioxide emissions for selected countries/regions billion metric tons Coal carbon dioxide emissions by region 141 history projections
  • 142. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo Energy-related carbon dioxide emissions by fuel type, India billion metric tons Energy-related carbon dioxide emissions in India by fossil fuel source 142 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 history projections natural gas liquids coal
  • 143. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2020 2030 2040 2050 Kaya identity components OECD and non-OECD Kaya identity components 143 $0 $10 $20 $30 $40 $50 $60 $70 $80 $90 2020 2030 2040 2050 OECD non-OECD 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2020 2030 2040 2050 non-OECD OECD 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 2020 2030 2040 2050 non-OECD OECD Population billion people Per capita GDP thousand dollars per person Energy intensity thousand British thermal units per dollar Carbon intensity metric tons CO2 per billion British thermal units non-OECD OECD
  • 144. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 economy-wide electricity history projections World carbon dioxide emissions billion metric tons World energy-related and electricity-related carbon dioxide emissions 144
  • 145. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0 2 4 6 8 10 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 non-OECD OECD Electricity carbon dioxide emissions, OECD versus non-OECD billion metric tons Carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation 145 history projections
  • 146. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 non-OECD OECD history projections Electricity carbon dioxide emissions intensity million metric tons CO2 per billion kilowatthour OECD and non-OECD carbon dioxide intensity of electricity 146
  • 148. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo • b/d = barrels per day • Btu = British thermal unit • CO2 = carbon dioxide • EIA = U.S. Energy Information Administration • GDP = gross domestic product • GTL = gas-to-liquids • GW = gigawatts • IEO = International Energy Outlook • LNG = liquefied natural gas • PPP = purchasing power parity Acronyms and abbreviations 148
  • 149. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo • OECD = Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development • OPEC = Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries = Algeria, Angola, Congo, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela. • Petroleum and other liquids = crude oil and lease condensate (including tight oil, shale oil, extra-heavy oil, field condensate, and bitumen) and other liquid fuels (natural gas plant liquids, liquids from renewable sources [biofuels, including ethanol, biodiesel, and biomass-to- liquids], liquids from natural gas [gas-to-liquids], liquids from coal [coal-to-liquids], and liquids from kerogen [oil shale]). • Tcf = trillion cubic feet Acronyms and abbreviations 149
  • 150. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo • OECD Americas = United States, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands and Mexico. • OECD Europe = Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, and United Kingdom. (Note: Israel is included in OECD Europe for statistical reporting purposes.) • OECD Asia = Australia, American Samoa, Guam, Japan, New Zealand, and South Korea. IEO regional definitions: OECD Regions 150
  • 151. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo • Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia = Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Faroe Islands, Georgia, Gibraltar, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. • Other non-OECD Asia = Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Burma (Myanmar), Cambodia (Kampuchea), Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Kiribati, Laos, Macau, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Nauru, Nepal, New Caledonia, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands North Korea, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Samoa, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Timor-Leste (East Timor), Tonga, Vanuatu, Vietnam, and Wake Islands. • Middle East = Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Palestinian Territories, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. IEO regional definitions: non-OECD Regions 151
  • 152. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo • Africa = Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Kinshasa), Côte d’Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Reunion, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, St. Helena, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Western Sahara, Zambia, and Zimbabwe • Other non-OECD Americas = Antarctica, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Falkland Islands, French Guiana, Greenland, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Pierre and Miquelon, St. Vincent/Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, Uruguay and Venezuela. IEO regional definitions: non-OECD Regions 152
  • 154. #IEO2021 www.eia.gov/ieo U.S. Energy Information Administration home page | www.eia.gov Short-Term Energy Outlook | www.eia.gov/outlooks/steo Annual Energy Outlook | www.eia.gov/aeo International Energy Outlook | www.eia.gov/ieo Monthly Energy Review | www.eia.gov/mer Today in Energy | www.eia.gov/todayinenergy For more information October 6, 2021 www.eia.gov/outlooks/ieo #IEO2021 154