This document provides steps to create a RAC physical standby database for a RAC primary database using Oracle Data Guard. It outlines tasks for gathering files and performing backups, configuring Oracle Net services on the standby, creating the standby instances and database, configuring the primary database for Data Guard, and verifying the configuration. Key steps include duplicating the primary database to create the standby, modifying initialization parameters, adding standby redo logs, and starting managed recovery and real-time apply on the standby.
The document discusses setting up an Oracle 12c Active Data Guard physical standby database using RMAN DUPLICATE FROM ACTIVE. It involves 3 steps:
1) Configuring the primary and standby databases, including creating required directories, adding static entries to listener.ora, and editing tnsnames.ora.
2) Running RMAN DUPLICATE FROM ACTIVE on the primary to create the standby database instance while it is in NOMOUNT mode.
3) After duplicate completes, configuring redo transport on both primary and standby, adding standby redo logs, and opening the standby database to start managed recovery.
The document provides information about finding the location of OCR and voting disks in an Oracle RAC environment. It states that the OCR location can be found in the /etc/oracle/ocr.loc file and the voting disk location can be found using the crsctl query css votedisk command. It also provides information on backing up the OCR and voting disks, such as using dd to backup voting disks and ocrconfig to backup and restore OCR.
How to create a non managed standby databaseJorge Batista
This document provides step-by-step instructions for creating a non-managed standby database in Oracle. It describes downloading the primary database files to the standby server, installing Oracle software, configuring initialization files and networking, starting the standby instance, renaming files to match the standby directory structure, and recovering archived redo logs to initialize the standby database. Maintaining the standby going forward requires manually copying new archived logs from the primary server.
This document discusses Oracle Data Guard and its capabilities for disaster recovery and high availability. It provides an overview of different types of database protection modes in Data Guard including maximum protection, maximum availability, and maximum performance modes. It also covers key Data Guard concepts like physical and logical standby databases, redo transport, log apply services, and role transitions like switchover and failover. The document demonstrates how to configure a basic Data Guard configuration with a primary and physical standby database and enable fast-start failover for automated, zero data loss failover.
This document provides interview questions for an experienced 3+ year Oracle DBA divided into 5 sections with increasing difficulty. The sections cover basic Oracle knowledge, moderate daily tasks, advanced topics, RAC-specific questions, and very specialized questions. Example questions address topics like Oracle documentation resources, database startup/shutdown modes, data dictionary views, and RAC components. Separate documents further describe common DBA tasks and default Oracle passwords.
RMAN is an Oracle tool that performs physical backups and recovery of Oracle databases. It can perform full backups as well as incremental backups. Incremental backups only back up changed blocks since the previous backup. RMAN also allows recovery of individual datafiles, tablespaces, or the entire database using backups. It facilitates various recovery scenarios including datafile recovery, tablespace recovery, and disaster recovery when all files are lost.
The document discusses setting up an Oracle 12c Active Data Guard physical standby database using RMAN DUPLICATE FROM ACTIVE. It involves 3 steps:
1) Configuring the primary and standby databases, including creating required directories, adding static entries to listener.ora, and editing tnsnames.ora.
2) Running RMAN DUPLICATE FROM ACTIVE on the primary to create the standby database instance while it is in NOMOUNT mode.
3) After duplicate completes, configuring redo transport on both primary and standby, adding standby redo logs, and opening the standby database to start managed recovery.
The document provides information about finding the location of OCR and voting disks in an Oracle RAC environment. It states that the OCR location can be found in the /etc/oracle/ocr.loc file and the voting disk location can be found using the crsctl query css votedisk command. It also provides information on backing up the OCR and voting disks, such as using dd to backup voting disks and ocrconfig to backup and restore OCR.
How to create a non managed standby databaseJorge Batista
This document provides step-by-step instructions for creating a non-managed standby database in Oracle. It describes downloading the primary database files to the standby server, installing Oracle software, configuring initialization files and networking, starting the standby instance, renaming files to match the standby directory structure, and recovering archived redo logs to initialize the standby database. Maintaining the standby going forward requires manually copying new archived logs from the primary server.
This document discusses Oracle Data Guard and its capabilities for disaster recovery and high availability. It provides an overview of different types of database protection modes in Data Guard including maximum protection, maximum availability, and maximum performance modes. It also covers key Data Guard concepts like physical and logical standby databases, redo transport, log apply services, and role transitions like switchover and failover. The document demonstrates how to configure a basic Data Guard configuration with a primary and physical standby database and enable fast-start failover for automated, zero data loss failover.
This document provides interview questions for an experienced 3+ year Oracle DBA divided into 5 sections with increasing difficulty. The sections cover basic Oracle knowledge, moderate daily tasks, advanced topics, RAC-specific questions, and very specialized questions. Example questions address topics like Oracle documentation resources, database startup/shutdown modes, data dictionary views, and RAC components. Separate documents further describe common DBA tasks and default Oracle passwords.
RMAN is an Oracle tool that performs physical backups and recovery of Oracle databases. It can perform full backups as well as incremental backups. Incremental backups only back up changed blocks since the previous backup. RMAN also allows recovery of individual datafiles, tablespaces, or the entire database using backups. It facilitates various recovery scenarios including datafile recovery, tablespace recovery, and disaster recovery when all files are lost.
RMAN backup scripts should be improved in the following ways:
1. Log backups thoroughly and send failure alerts to ensure recoverability.
2. Avoid relying on a single backup and use redundancy to protect against data loss.
3. Back up control files last and do not delete archives until backups are complete.
4. Check backups regularly to ensure they meet recovery needs.
1) The document describes the steps to change the database name from ANAR_F to ANAR_F1. This involves using the nid tool to change the database ID and name, updating the parameter file, and restarting the database with RESETLOGS.
2) The nid tool is run to change the database ID and name in the control files and datafiles.
3) The parameter file is updated by changing the DB_NAME parameter and the database is then restarted with RESETLOGS to complete the name change.
This document provides an overview of managing the Oracle database instance. It covers starting and stopping the Oracle database and components using Oracle Enterprise Manager and SQL*Plus. It describes accessing databases with SQL*Plus and modifying initialization parameters. It also discusses the stages of database startup, shutdown options, viewing the alert log, and accessing dynamic performance views.
1) The document describes how to configure an Oracle 12c database with a Far Sync standby instance. It involves creating the control file and standby redo logs for the Far Sync instance, configuring the necessary parameters, and starting up the primary and Far Sync instances.
2) Issues arise when the Far Sync instance is shut down, preventing redo logs from being shipped to the physical standby. The document resolves this by configuring an alternate destination to directly ship logs from the primary to the physical standby.
3) When the Far Sync instance starts up again, Oracle Data Guard resynchronizes it and returns to shipping redo through the Far Sync instance to the physical standby, with the alternate destination becoming
The document discusses Oracle database architecture including the relationship between Oracle software, operating system resources like CPUs, memory and disks, Oracle processes like background processes and server processes, and database structures like the system global area (SGA), program global area (PGA), control files, redo logs and data files. It also covers Oracle memory management, instance startup/shutdown, and basic database administration tasks.
The document provides a set of interview questions for an Oracle DBA role. It includes questions about database backups, restoring from backup, database initialization parameters, database object storage structures like data blocks and extents, table structures, database performance monitoring and tuning, database security, database utilities, and basic UNIX commands. The questions cover a wide range of topics that a junior or mid-level Oracle DBA should be familiar with.
Oracle 11g dataguard configuration in aixSanjiv Ranjit
1. Login to a configured database and check the logging mode and force logging mode.
2. Configure the second database (db2) as part of Dataguard including configuring the db2 service and listener.
3. Set password file configurations for both databases and parameters for different directory structures between primary and standby databases.
Today, many businesses around the world are using an Oracle product and in many of these at the core there is an Oracle Database. Many of us who started as a Database administrator where put in this position because we were good PL/SQL programmers or good Sysadmins, but knew very little of what it took to be a DBA. In this session you will learn the core architecture of an Oracle Database in 12c as well as what it takes to administer and apply this new knowledge the day you go back to your office.
Oracle dba interview questions with answerupenpriti
This document contains 10 questions about Oracle DBA interview questions and their answers. It covers topics like components of the SGA, the order in which Oracle processes SQL statements, mandatory datafiles for an Oracle 11g database, and how sessions communicate with the database. The questions test knowledge of Oracle architecture, processes, memory structures, and common administrative tasks.
The document discusses new features in Oracle Database 12c Release 2 related to Oracle Multitenant architecture. Key points include:
- PDBs can now have local undo tablespaces for improved flashback and other features.
- PDBs can be plugged/unplugged into archive files, cloned with hot cloning, refreshed periodically, and relocated between CDBs.
- New resource management features allow limiting I/O rates, configuring memory usage, and assigning performance profiles for PDBs.
- PDB lockdown profiles provide a way to restrict features and operations on a per-PDB basis.
Installing oracle grid infrastructure and database 12c r1Voeurng Sovann
This document provides instructions for installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Oracle Database 12c R1 on a standalone Linux server. It describes how to:
1. Configure the server with required packages, users, groups, and directories for the Oracle software.
2. Install Oracle Grid Infrastructure 12c R1 using the Oracle Universal Installer and configure an ASM disk group and instance.
3. Install Oracle Database 12c R1 software, and use DBCA to create a database called "asmdb" that uses the ASM disk groups for storage and is accessible by the listener called "LISTENER_ASM".
This document lists 576 Oracle DBA interview questions covering topics such as checking privileges and permissions, resizing datafiles, finding analyzed tables, active users, what a user is doing, table and index counts, tablespace and user space usage, OS and database versions, datafile reads and writes, segments close to limits, archived log and backup information, online redo log groups, datafiles, schema sizes, quotas, tablespace usage, table sizes, row distribution, database recovery, alerts, thresholds, notifications, archive log format, connection troubleshooting, and other administrative tasks and problems.
This document discusses preparing the database environment by describing the tasks of a database administrator, required tools, installation requirements, and using Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) standards. It outlines installing Oracle software using Oracle Universal Installer (OUI), which allows for automated installation through response files in silent mode. Key steps include checking system requirements, setting environment variables, running OUI for configuration options, and executing configuration scripts.
GoldenGate is a replication utility that provides flexible data propagation between databases. It consists of extract, replicat, and data pump processes that access trail files containing change data. An extract process mines source database redo logs and writes changes to trail files. A replicat process reads from trail files and applies changes to target database tables. The demo will show two scenarios for replicating data from a Windows source database to a Linux target database using different GoldenGate configuration methods.
The document provides an overview of Oracle 10g database architecture including its physical and logical structures as well as processes. Physically, a database consists of datafiles, redo logs, and control files. Logically, it is divided into tablespaces containing schemas, segments, and other objects. The Oracle instance comprises the system global area (SGA) shared memory and background processes that manage tasks like writing redo logs and checkpointing data blocks. User processes connect to the database through sessions allocated in the program global area.
12cR2 Single-Tenant: Multitenant Features for All EditionsFranck Pachot
Multitenant architecture is available even without Oracle's multitenant option. In this session take a look at the overhead and the 12.2 new features so that you can choose among single-tenant or non-container databases. These features include agility in data movement, easy flashback, and fast upgrade.
- Cache recovery refers to the recovery of the row cache (dictionary cache) that occurs during instance startup after a database is mounted.
- This recovery populates the row cache with metadata from bootstrap objects and data dictionary tables since the cache is empty after mount.
- Crash recovery only applies after an instance or node crash and involves redo scan, application, and transaction recovery to roll changes forward and back. Cache recovery occurs on any startup.
The document describes how to convert a single instance Oracle database to Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) using RMAN. The key steps include:
1. Duplicating the single instance database to an auxiliary instance on the RAC nodes using RMAN DUPLICATE.
2. Configuring the RAC-specific initialization parameters and creating the necessary redo logs and undo tablespaces.
3. Starting instances on each RAC node and registering them with the Cluster Ready Services framework.
Oracle applications 11i hot backup cloning with rapid cloneDeepti Singh
This document provides instructions for cloning an Oracle Applications 11i production system (PRODSERVER) to a test system (TESTSERVER) using Rapid Clone hot backup methodology. It outlines 7 stages: 1) prerequisites, 2) prepare source, 3) backup database, 4) copy apps files, 5) copy files to target, 6) configure target database, 7) configure target app tier. Key steps include applying patches, running preclone scripts, putting source database in backup mode, copying files, recovering database on target, and configuring target system.
RMAN backup scripts should be improved in the following ways:
1. Log backups thoroughly and send failure alerts to ensure recoverability.
2. Avoid relying on a single backup and use redundancy to protect against data loss.
3. Back up control files last and do not delete archives until backups are complete.
4. Check backups regularly to ensure they meet recovery needs.
1) The document describes the steps to change the database name from ANAR_F to ANAR_F1. This involves using the nid tool to change the database ID and name, updating the parameter file, and restarting the database with RESETLOGS.
2) The nid tool is run to change the database ID and name in the control files and datafiles.
3) The parameter file is updated by changing the DB_NAME parameter and the database is then restarted with RESETLOGS to complete the name change.
This document provides an overview of managing the Oracle database instance. It covers starting and stopping the Oracle database and components using Oracle Enterprise Manager and SQL*Plus. It describes accessing databases with SQL*Plus and modifying initialization parameters. It also discusses the stages of database startup, shutdown options, viewing the alert log, and accessing dynamic performance views.
1) The document describes how to configure an Oracle 12c database with a Far Sync standby instance. It involves creating the control file and standby redo logs for the Far Sync instance, configuring the necessary parameters, and starting up the primary and Far Sync instances.
2) Issues arise when the Far Sync instance is shut down, preventing redo logs from being shipped to the physical standby. The document resolves this by configuring an alternate destination to directly ship logs from the primary to the physical standby.
3) When the Far Sync instance starts up again, Oracle Data Guard resynchronizes it and returns to shipping redo through the Far Sync instance to the physical standby, with the alternate destination becoming
The document discusses Oracle database architecture including the relationship between Oracle software, operating system resources like CPUs, memory and disks, Oracle processes like background processes and server processes, and database structures like the system global area (SGA), program global area (PGA), control files, redo logs and data files. It also covers Oracle memory management, instance startup/shutdown, and basic database administration tasks.
The document provides a set of interview questions for an Oracle DBA role. It includes questions about database backups, restoring from backup, database initialization parameters, database object storage structures like data blocks and extents, table structures, database performance monitoring and tuning, database security, database utilities, and basic UNIX commands. The questions cover a wide range of topics that a junior or mid-level Oracle DBA should be familiar with.
Oracle 11g dataguard configuration in aixSanjiv Ranjit
1. Login to a configured database and check the logging mode and force logging mode.
2. Configure the second database (db2) as part of Dataguard including configuring the db2 service and listener.
3. Set password file configurations for both databases and parameters for different directory structures between primary and standby databases.
Today, many businesses around the world are using an Oracle product and in many of these at the core there is an Oracle Database. Many of us who started as a Database administrator where put in this position because we were good PL/SQL programmers or good Sysadmins, but knew very little of what it took to be a DBA. In this session you will learn the core architecture of an Oracle Database in 12c as well as what it takes to administer and apply this new knowledge the day you go back to your office.
Oracle dba interview questions with answerupenpriti
This document contains 10 questions about Oracle DBA interview questions and their answers. It covers topics like components of the SGA, the order in which Oracle processes SQL statements, mandatory datafiles for an Oracle 11g database, and how sessions communicate with the database. The questions test knowledge of Oracle architecture, processes, memory structures, and common administrative tasks.
The document discusses new features in Oracle Database 12c Release 2 related to Oracle Multitenant architecture. Key points include:
- PDBs can now have local undo tablespaces for improved flashback and other features.
- PDBs can be plugged/unplugged into archive files, cloned with hot cloning, refreshed periodically, and relocated between CDBs.
- New resource management features allow limiting I/O rates, configuring memory usage, and assigning performance profiles for PDBs.
- PDB lockdown profiles provide a way to restrict features and operations on a per-PDB basis.
Installing oracle grid infrastructure and database 12c r1Voeurng Sovann
This document provides instructions for installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Oracle Database 12c R1 on a standalone Linux server. It describes how to:
1. Configure the server with required packages, users, groups, and directories for the Oracle software.
2. Install Oracle Grid Infrastructure 12c R1 using the Oracle Universal Installer and configure an ASM disk group and instance.
3. Install Oracle Database 12c R1 software, and use DBCA to create a database called "asmdb" that uses the ASM disk groups for storage and is accessible by the listener called "LISTENER_ASM".
This document lists 576 Oracle DBA interview questions covering topics such as checking privileges and permissions, resizing datafiles, finding analyzed tables, active users, what a user is doing, table and index counts, tablespace and user space usage, OS and database versions, datafile reads and writes, segments close to limits, archived log and backup information, online redo log groups, datafiles, schema sizes, quotas, tablespace usage, table sizes, row distribution, database recovery, alerts, thresholds, notifications, archive log format, connection troubleshooting, and other administrative tasks and problems.
This document discusses preparing the database environment by describing the tasks of a database administrator, required tools, installation requirements, and using Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) standards. It outlines installing Oracle software using Oracle Universal Installer (OUI), which allows for automated installation through response files in silent mode. Key steps include checking system requirements, setting environment variables, running OUI for configuration options, and executing configuration scripts.
GoldenGate is a replication utility that provides flexible data propagation between databases. It consists of extract, replicat, and data pump processes that access trail files containing change data. An extract process mines source database redo logs and writes changes to trail files. A replicat process reads from trail files and applies changes to target database tables. The demo will show two scenarios for replicating data from a Windows source database to a Linux target database using different GoldenGate configuration methods.
The document provides an overview of Oracle 10g database architecture including its physical and logical structures as well as processes. Physically, a database consists of datafiles, redo logs, and control files. Logically, it is divided into tablespaces containing schemas, segments, and other objects. The Oracle instance comprises the system global area (SGA) shared memory and background processes that manage tasks like writing redo logs and checkpointing data blocks. User processes connect to the database through sessions allocated in the program global area.
12cR2 Single-Tenant: Multitenant Features for All EditionsFranck Pachot
Multitenant architecture is available even without Oracle's multitenant option. In this session take a look at the overhead and the 12.2 new features so that you can choose among single-tenant or non-container databases. These features include agility in data movement, easy flashback, and fast upgrade.
- Cache recovery refers to the recovery of the row cache (dictionary cache) that occurs during instance startup after a database is mounted.
- This recovery populates the row cache with metadata from bootstrap objects and data dictionary tables since the cache is empty after mount.
- Crash recovery only applies after an instance or node crash and involves redo scan, application, and transaction recovery to roll changes forward and back. Cache recovery occurs on any startup.
The document describes how to convert a single instance Oracle database to Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) using RMAN. The key steps include:
1. Duplicating the single instance database to an auxiliary instance on the RAC nodes using RMAN DUPLICATE.
2. Configuring the RAC-specific initialization parameters and creating the necessary redo logs and undo tablespaces.
3. Starting instances on each RAC node and registering them with the Cluster Ready Services framework.
Oracle applications 11i hot backup cloning with rapid cloneDeepti Singh
This document provides instructions for cloning an Oracle Applications 11i production system (PRODSERVER) to a test system (TESTSERVER) using Rapid Clone hot backup methodology. It outlines 7 stages: 1) prerequisites, 2) prepare source, 3) backup database, 4) copy apps files, 5) copy files to target, 6) configure target database, 7) configure target app tier. Key steps include applying patches, running preclone scripts, putting source database in backup mode, copying files, recovering database on target, and configuring target system.
Oracle applications 11i hot backup cloning with rapid cloneDeepti Singh
This document provides instructions for cloning an Oracle Applications 11i environment from a production system called PRODSERVER to a test system called TESTSERVER using Rapid Clone hot backup methodology. It involves 7 stages: 1) preparing the source system, 2) putting the database in backup mode and copying files, 3) copying application files, 4) copying files to the target, 5) configuring the target database, 6) configuring the target application tier, and 7) finishing tasks like updating profiles. Key steps include applying required patches, running preclone scripts, copying database and application files, recovering the database using the backup control file, and configuring the cloned application and database tiers.
Oracle 12cR2 RAC Database Software Installation and Create DatabaseMonowar Mukul
The document describes the steps to install Oracle 12cR2 RAC database software and create an Oracle RAC database on two nodes. It involves downloading the software, running the installer on both nodes after setting up SSH connectivity between them, and then using the Database Configuration Assistant to create the RAC database with the appropriate global database name, storage locations, and other configuration details.
This document discusses various Oracle database concepts including:
- Creating tables, indexes, sequences, views and synonyms using SQL statements
- Using the Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA) to create, configure and manage Oracle databases
- Describing Oracle database architecture including memory structures, process structures and storage structures
Distrubuted database connection with oracleashrafulais
This document provides instructions for configuring a distributed database with Oracle SQL Developer by modifying admin files to add local and remote databases, creating database links, and using a query format to access tables across database links. It includes steps to modify the listener.ora and tnsnames.ora files to add IP addresses, create a local user connection, add a remote user connection, and create a database link to connect to a remote user using their IP address and SID.
The document describes the steps to create a physical standby database using SQL commands:
1. Prepare the primary database by enabling archiving and setting initialization parameters.
2. Back up the primary database using RMAN.
3. Copy the backup files, standby control file, and initialization parameter file to the standby system.
RMAN was used to clone an Oracle 10g RAC database from a source database SOURCEC3 to a target database TARGETC3 using the DUPLICATE DATABASE feature. The procedure involved preparing the source and target databases, identifying necessary archive log backups, restoring the database to a single-instance target, and then converting it to a RAC database by adding redo logs and enabling cluster functionality. Post-clone tasks verified the successful conversion to a RAC database and started required processes.
This document discusses various types of I/O waits in an Oracle database including sequential reads, scattered reads, parallel reads, and reads by other sessions. It provides details on identifying and troubleshooting I/O issues through metrics like average read times, buffer cache hit ratios, and top SQL statements causing I/O. Specific solutions covered include right-sizing the SGA and buffer cache, tuning high I/O SQL, and ensuring adequate disk throughput.
This document provides an overview of the physical and logical structures of an Oracle database. It discusses the datafiles, control files, redo log files, archive log files, and other physical structures that make up the database. It also explains the logical structures like tablespaces, data blocks, extents, segments, and schemas. The document outlines the functions of the System Global Area (SGA) and Program Global Area (PGA). It describes the various background processes like SMON, PMON, DBWR, LGWR, and others that manage the database instance. Finally, it covers backup methods for Oracle databases.
Create manula and automaticly databaseAnar Godjaev
The document outlines the steps to create an Oracle database using the Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA). It describes launching DBCA, selecting the option to create a new database, providing configuration details like the database name, and completing the database creation process. Key steps include selecting the database type, specifying file locations, and finishing database setup.
This document establishes naming standards for Oracle database objects, schemas, accounts, and files within the IRS environment. Key points include:
- Database objects, schemas, and accounts will include the project identifier or acronym to uniquely identify each project.
- Critical database files like control files, redo logs, archive logs, and data files will be placed in standardized locations and follow consistent naming conventions.
- Tablespaces will be used to logically group related database objects together and simplify administration. Datafiles will be explicitly created for each tablespace.
- Standards cover areas like mount points, directory structures, application file paths, schema and account formats to promote organization and ease of management.
This document discusses configuring a database for recoverability. It covers placing a database in ARCHIVELOG mode, configuring multiple archive log destinations, configuring the Fast Recovery Area (FRA), and specifying retention policies. The key benefits of using the FRA are that it simplifies backup management and automatically manages disk space for recovery files.
This document provides step-by-step instructions for upgrading an Oracle database from version 10.2.0.4 to 11.2.0.2. It involves running pre-upgrade checks, backing up the database, setting environment variables to point to the new Oracle home, running upgrade scripts to upgrade the database, and performing post-upgrade tasks like recompiling objects and checking for errors. The process ensures the integrity and consistency of the upgraded Oracle software.
Oracle 11g Installation With ASM and Data Guard SetupArun Sharma
In this article we will look at Oracle 11g installation with ASM storage and also setup physical standby on ASM.
We will be following below steps for our configuration:
Setup Primary Server
Setup Standby Server
Full article link is here: https://www.support.dbagenesis.com/post/oracle-11g-installation-with-asm-and-data-guard-setup
This lesson covers Oracle Database 10g architecture, including memory structures, process structures, and storage structures. It aims to teach students how to use RMAN for backup and recovery, employ monitoring practices, and manage resources, jobs, security and globalization issues. The suggested schedule outlines topics like installation, database creation, storage, users, backup and recovery concepts, performance, and the HR schema example database.
The document describes the RMAN database cloning process. It involves creating new locations for the target (auxiliary) datafiles and logs, editing initialization files, and running RMAN commands to duplicate the source database and rename the datafiles and logs. The key steps are preparing the target system, generating rename commands, editing duplicate commands in a script, and running the script in RMAN to clone the database. When cloning to a different server, additional configuration of backup software is required to transfer files between servers.
This document provides an overview of Oracle database concepts including physical and logical structures, the system global area (SGA) and program global area (PGA), background processes, and the computer science database instance details. It describes the physical structures of datafiles, control files, redo log files, and archive log files. It also outlines the logical structures of tablespaces, data blocks, extents, segments, and schemas. Key background processes like SMON, PMON, DBWR, LGWR, and CKPT are summarized. Details provided on the computer science database include the server, instance name, tablespaces, and tape backup.
This document provides an overview of Oracle database concepts including physical and logical structures, the system global area (SGA) and program global area (PGA), background processes, and the computer science database instance details. Specifically, it describes datafiles, control files, redo logs, tablespaces, segments, and schemas as logical structures and explains how the SGA contains the database buffer cache, redo log buffer, and shared pool. It also outlines several important background processes like SMON, PMON, DBWR, LGWR, and CKPT.
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1. MAA / Data Guard 10g Setup Guide –
Creating a RAC Physical Standby
for a RAC Primary
Oracle Maximum Availability Architecture White Paper
April 2007
Maximum
Availability
Architecture
Oracle Best Practices For High Availability
2. Maximum Availability Architecture
MAA / Data Guard 10g Setup Guide –
Creating a RAC Physical Standby for a RAC Primary
Overview............................................................................................................. 2
Task 1: Gather Files and Perform Back Up.................................................. 3
Task 2: Configure Oracle Net SERVICES on the Standby........................ 3
Task 3: Create the Standby Instances and Database.................................... 4
Task 4: Configure The Primary Database For Data Guard........................ 9
Task 5: Verify Data Guard Configuration...................................................10
References ........................................................................................................11
Creating a RAC Physical Standby for a RAC Primary Page 1
3. Maximum Availability Architecture
MAA / Data Guard 10g Setup Guide –
Creating a RAC Physical Standby for a RAC Primary
OVERVIEW
Oracle Maximum Availability Architecture (MAA) [1] is Oracle's best practices
blueprint based on proven Oracle high-availability technologies and
recommendations. The goal of MAA is to remove the complexity in designing the
optimal high-availability architecture.
Published as part of the MAA series of white papers, this paper focuses on creating
a RAC physical standby database for a RAC primary database. This document
assumes that there is an existing RAC database and you want to implement Data
Guard by adding a standby database to the configuration. The end configuration
for this document is a RAC primary database with a RAC standby database. The
steps outlined in this document use SQL*Plus, apply to both Oracle Database 10g
Release 1 and Oracle Database 10g Release 2, and they assume using ASM/OMF,
and that the software and ASM instance on the standby host have already been
installed/created.
The example used in this document has the database unique name of the RAC
database as CHICAGO. The instance names of the two RAC instances are
CHICAGO1 (on node chicago_host1) and CHICAGO2 (on node chicago_host2).
The database unique name of the RAC standby database is BOSTON, and the two
standby instance names are BOSTON1 (on node boston_host1) and BOSTON2
(on node boston_host2).
This document includes the following tasks:
• Task 1: Gather Files and Perform Back Up
• Task 2: Configure Oracle Net on the Standby
• Task 3: Create the Standby Instances and Database
• Task 4: Configure the Primary Database for Data Guard
• Task 5: Verify Data Guard Configuration
This document assumes that the following conditions are met:
• The primary RAC database is in archivelog mode
• The primary RAC database is using ASM.
Creating a RAC Physical Standby for a RAC Primary Page 2
4. Maximum Availability Architecture
• The standby RAC cluster already has ASM instances created
• The primary and standby databases are using a flash recovery area.
• The standby RAC hosts have existing Oracle software installation.
• Oracle Managed Files (OMF) is used for all storage.
TASK 1: GATHER FILES AND PERFORM BACK UP
1. On the primary node, create a staging directory. For example:
[oracle@chicago_host1 oracle]$ mkdir -p /opt/oracle/stage
2. Create the same exact path on one of the standby hosts:
[oracle@boston_host1 oracle]$ mkdir -p /opt/oracle/stage
3. On the primary node, connect to the primary database and create a PFILE
from the SPFILE in the staging directory. For example:
SQL> CREATE PFILE='/opt/oracle/stage/initCHICAGO.ora' FROM
SPFILE;
4. On the primary node, perform an RMAN backup of the primary database
that places the backup pieces into the staging directory. For example:
[oracle@chicago_host1 stage]$ rman target /
RMAN> BACKUP DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '/opt/oracle/stage/%U'
DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG;
RMAN> BACKUP DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '/opt/oracle/stage/%U'
CURRENT CONTROLFILE FOR STANDBY;
5. Place a copy of the listener.ora, tnsnames.ora, and sqlnet.ora files into the
staging directory. For example:
[oracle@chicago_host1 oracle]$ cp
$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/*.ora /opt/oracle/stage
6. Copy the contents of the staging directory on the RAC primary node to
the standby node on which the staging directory was created on in step 2.
For example:
[oracle@chicago_host1 oracle]$ scp /opt/oracle/stage/*
oracle@boston_host1:/opt/oracle/stage
TASK 2: CONFIGURE ORACLE NET SERVICES ON THE STANDBY
1. Copy the listener.ora, tnsnames.ora, and sqlnet.ora files from the staging
directory on the standby host to the $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
directory on all standby hosts.
2. Modify the listener.ora file each standby host to contain the VIP address
of that host.
Creating a RAC Physical Standby for a RAC Primary Page 3
5. Maximum Availability Architecture
3. Modify the tnsnames.ora file on each node, including the primary RAC
nodes and standby RAC nodes, to contain all primary and standby net
service names. You should also modify the Oracle Net aliases that are used
for the local_listener and remote_listener parameters to point to the
listener on each standby host. In this example, each tnsnames.ora file
should contain all of the net service names in the following table:
Example Entries in the tnsnames.ora Files
Primary Net Service Names Standby Net Service Name
CHICAGO =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS =
(PROTOCOL = TCP)
(HOST = chicago_host1vip)
(HOST = chicago_host2vip)
(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = CHICAGO)
)
)
BOSTON =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS =
(PROTOCOL = TCP)
(HOST = boston_host1vip)
(HOST = boston_host2vip)
(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = BOSTON)
)
)
4. Start the standby listeners on all standby hosts.
TASK 3: CREATE THE STANDBY INSTANCES AND DATABASE
1. To enable secure transmission of redo data, make sure the primary and
standby databases use a password file, and make sure the password for the
SYS user is identical on every system. For example:
$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
$ orapwd file=orapwBOSTON password=oracle
The naming and location of the password file varies on different
platforms. See “Creating and Maintaining a Password File” in the Oracle
Database Administrator’s Guide for more information.
2. Copy and rename the primary database PFILE from the staging area on all
standby hosts to the $ORACLE_HOME/dbs directory on all standby
hosts. For example:
[oracle@boston_host1 stage]$ cp initCHICAGO1.ora
$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initBOSTON1.ora
3. Modify the standby initialization parameter file copied from the primary
node to include Data Guard parameters as illustrated in the following
table:
Creating a RAC Physical Standby for a RAC Primary Page 4
6. Maximum Availability Architecture
Initialization Parameter Modifications
Parameter
Category
Before After
RAC
Parameters
*.cluster_database=true
*.db_unique_name=CHICAGO
CHICAGO1.instance_name=CHICAGO1
CHICAGO2.instance_name=CHICAGO2
CHICAGO1.instance_number=1
CHICAGO2.instance_number=2
CHICAGO1.thread=1
CHICAGO2.thread=2
CHICAGO1.undo_tablespace=UNDOTBS1
CHICAGO2.undo_tablespace=UNDOTBS2
*.remote_listener=LISTENERS_CHICAGO
CHICAGO1.LOCAL_LISTENER=LISTENER_CHICAGO_HOST1
CHICAGO2.LOCAL_LISTENER=LISTENER_CHICAGO_HOST2
*.cluster_database=true
*.db_unique_name=BOSTON
BOSTON1.instance_name=BOSTON1
BOSTON2.instance_name=BOSTON2
BOSTON1.instance_number=1
BOSTON2.instance_number=2
BOSTON1.thread=1
BOSTON2.thread=2
BOSTON1.undo_tablespace=UNDOTBS1
BOSTON2.undo_tablespace=UNDOTBS2
*.remote_listener=LISTENERS_BOSTON
BOSTON1.LOCAL_LISTENER=LISTENER_BOSTON_HOST1
BOSTON2.LOCAL_LISTENER=LISTENER_BOSTON_HOST2
Data Guard
Parameters
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=
(BOSTON,CHICAGO)'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=CHICAGO
valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role)
db_unique_name=CHICAGO'
*.db_file_name_convert='+DATA/CHICAGO/',
'+DATA/BOSTON/','+RECOVERY/CHICAGO',
'+RECOVERY/BOSTON'
*.log_file_name_convert='+DATA/CHICAGO/',
'+DATA/BOSTON/','+RECOVERY/CHICAGO',
'+RECOVERY/BOSTON'
*.standby_file_management=auto
*.fal_server='CHICAGO'
*.fal_client='BOSTON'
*.service_names='BOSTON'
Other
parameters
*.background_dump_dest=
/opt/oracle/admin/CHICAGO/bdump
*.core_dump_dest=
/opt/oracle/admin/CHICAGO/cdump
*.user_dump_dest=
/opt/oracle/admin/CHICAGO/udump
*.audit_file_dest=
/opt/oracle/admin/CHICAGO/adump
*.db_recovery_dest=’+RECOVERY’
*.log_archive_dest_1 =
'LOCATION=+DATA/CHICAGO/'
*.dispatchers=CHICAGOXDB
*.background_dump_dest=
/opt/oracle/admin/BOSTON/bdump
*.core_dump_dest=
/opt/oracle/admin/BOSTON/cdump
*.user_dump_dest=
/opt/oracle/admin/BOSTON/udump
*.audit_file_dest=
/opt/oracle/admin/BOSTON/adump
*.db_recovery_dest=’+RECOVERY’
*.log_archive_dest_1=
'LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST'
*.dispatchers=BOSTONXDB
In the above example the primary and standby datafiles are in a single
ASM diskgroup. If the primary and standby datafiles are distributed across
multiple ASM diskgroups then the unset the DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST
parameter prior to starting the standby instance. For further information
refer to MetaLink note 340848.1.
Creating a RAC Physical Standby for a RAC Primary Page 5
7. Maximum Availability Architecture
For more information about these initialization parameters, see Chapter
13, “Initialization Parameters” in Oracle Data Guard Concepts and
Administration manual.
If you are using an SPFILE instead of an initialization parameter file, then
see the “Managing Initialization Parameters Using a Server Parameter File”
section in the Oracle Database Administrator’s Guide for instructions on
managing an SPFILE.
4. Connect to the ASM instance on one standby host, and create a directory
within the DATA disk group that has the same name as the
DB_UNIQUE_NAME of the standby database. For example:
SQL> ALTER DISKGROUP data ADD DIRECTORY '+DATA/BOSTON';
5. Connect to the standby database on one standby host, with the standby in
the IDLE state, and create an SPFILE in the standby DATA disk group:
SQL> CREATE SPFILE='+DATA/BOSTON/spfileBOSTON.ora' FROM
PFILE='?/dbs/initBOSTON.ora';
6. In the $ORACLE_HOME/dbs directory on each standby host, create a
PFILE that is named initoracle_sid.ora that contains a pointer to the
SPFILE. For example:
[oracle@boston_host1 oracle]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@boston_host1 dbs]$ echo
"SPFILE='+DATA/BOSTON/spfileBOSTON.ora'" > initBOSTON1.ora
7. Create the dump directories on all standby hosts as referenced in the
standby initialization parameter file. For example:
[oracle@boston_host1 oracle]$ mkdir -p
$ORACLE_BASE/admin/BOSTON/bdump
[oracle@boston_host1 oracle]$ mkdir -p
$ORACLE_BASE/admin/BOSTON/cdump
[oracle@boston_host1 oracle]$ mkdir -p
$ORACLE_BASE/admin/BOSTON/udump
[oracle@boston_host1 oracle]$ mkdir -p
$ORACLE_BASE/admin/BOSTON/adump
8. After setting up the appropriate environment variables on each standby
host, such as ORACLE_SID, ORACLE_HOME, and PATH, start the
standby database instance on the standby host that has the staging
directory, without mounting the control file.
SQL> STARTUP NOMOUNT
9. From the standby host where the standby instance was just started,
duplicate the primary database as a standby into the ASM disk group. For
example:
$ rman target sys/oracle@CHICAGO auxiliary /
RMAN> DUPLICATE TARGET DATABASE FOR STANDBY;
10. Connect to the standby database, and create the standby redo logs to
support the standby role. The standby redo logs must be the same size as
Creating a RAC Physical Standby for a RAC Primary Page 6
8. Maximum Availability Architecture
the primary database online logs. The recommended number of standby
redo logs is:
(maximum # of logfiles +1) * maximum # of threads
This example uses two online log files for each thread. Thus, the number
of standby redo logs should be (2 + 1) * 2 = 6. That is, one more standby
redo log file for each thread.
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 1
GROUP 5 SIZE 10M,
GROUP 6 SIZE 10M,
GROUP 7 SIZE 10M;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 2
GROUP 8 SIZE 10M,
GROUP 9 SIZE 10M,
GROUP 10 SIZE 10M;
These statements create two standby log members for each group, and
each member is 10MB in size. One member is created in the directory
specified by the DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST initialization parameter, and
the other member is created in the directory specified by
DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST initialization parameter. Because this
example assumes that there are two redo log groups in two threads, the
next group is group five.
You can check the number and group numbers of the redo logs by
querying the V$LOG view:
SQL> SELECT * FROM V$LOG;
You can check the results of the previous statements by querying the
V$STANDBY_LOG view:
SQL> SELECT * FROM V$STANDBY_LOG;
You can also see the members created by querying the V$LOGFILE view:
SQL> SELECT * FROM V$LOGFILE;
See the “Configure a Standby Redo Log” section in Oracle Data Guard
Concepts and Administration manual for more information.
11. On only one standby host (and this is your designated Redo Apply
instance), start managed recovery and real-time apply on the standby
database:
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING
CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT;
12. On either node of the standby cluster, register the standby database and
the database instances with the Oracle Cluster Registry (OCR) using the
Server Control (SRVCTL) utility. For example:
$ srvctl add database -d BOSTON –o
/opt/oracle/product/10g_db_rac
$ srvctl add instance -d BOSTON -i BOSTON1 -n boston_host1
$ srvctl add instance -d BOSTON -i BOSTON2 -n boston_host2
Creating a RAC Physical Standby for a RAC Primary Page 7
9. Maximum Availability Architecture
The following are descriptions of the options in these commands:
The -d option specifies the database unique name
(DB_UNIQUE_NAME) of the database.
The -i option specifies the database insance name.
The -n option specifies the node on which the instance is running.
The -o option specifies the Oracle home of the database.
Register the ASM instance with the OCR:
$ srvctl add asm -n boston_host1 -i +ASM1 –o
/opt/oracle/product/10g_db_rac –p
/opt/oracle/product/10g_db_rac/dbs/spfile+ASM1.ora
$ srvctl add asm -n boston_host2 -i +ASM2 -o
/opt/oracle/product/10g_db_rac –p
/opt/oracle/product/10g_db_rac/dbs/spfile+ASM2.ora
The following are descriptions of the options in these commands:
The -i option specifies the ASM instance name. If your ASM instance
is named +ASM1, then specify it with the ‘+’ included. In crs_stat
output, the resource name will not have the ‘+’ in the resource
name. However, the ‘+’ must be specified when an ASM instance
name is specified in SRVCTL commands.
The –n option specifies the node name on which the ASM instance is
running.
The -o option specifies the Oracle home for the ASM instance.
The -p option specifies the fully-qualified filename of the SPFILE, if
the ASM instance is using an SPFILE. This option is not needed if
you are using a PFILE located in $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
directory.
The following commands establish the dependency between the database
instance and the ASM instance. Again, the ASM instance name must be
specified with a ‘+’ if that is the ASM instance name.
$ srvctl modify instance –d BOSTON –i BOSTON1 –s +ASM1
$ srvctl modify instance –d BOSTON –i BOSTON2 –s +ASM2
$ srvctl enable asm -n boston_host1 -i +ASM1
$ srvctl enable asm -n boston_host2 -i +ASM2
The following are descriptions of the options in these commands:
The -d option specifies the database unique name
(DB_UNIQUE_NAME) of the database.
The -i option specifies the database instance name.
The -s option specifies the ASM instance name.
Creating a RAC Physical Standby for a RAC Primary Page 8
10. Maximum Availability Architecture
The following commands start, from the OCR standpoint, all ASM
instances defined for the node specified by the –n option. If the ASM
instance is already running, it will change the status in crs_stat output from
OFFLINE to ONLINE.
$ srvctl start asm –n boston_host1
$ srvctl start asm –n boston_host2
If you have multiple ASM instances running on the same node, and only
want to start a specific ASM instance, then specify the ASM instance name
using the –i option, as in the following example:
$ srvctl start asm –n boston_host1 –i +ASM1
TASK 4: CONFIGURE THE PRIMARY DATABASE FOR DATA GUARD
1. Configure the primary database initialization parameters to support both the
primary and standby roles.
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(BOSTON,CHICAGO)'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=BOSTON
valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role)
db_unique_name=BOSTON'
*.db_file_name_convert='+DATA/BOSTON/',’+DATA/CHICAGO/',
’+RECOVERY/BOSTON’,’+RECOVERY/CHICAGO’
*.log_file_name_convert='+DATA/BOSTON/',’+DATA/CHICAGO/',
’+RECOVERY/BOSTON’,’+RECOVERY/CHICAGO’
*.standby_file_management=auto
*.fal_server='BOSTON'
*.fal_client='CHICAGO'
*.service_names=CHICAGO
For more information about these initialization parameters, see Chapter
13, “Initialization Parameters” in the Oracle Data Guard Concepts and
Administration manual.
If you are using an SPFILE instead of an initialization parameter file, then
see the “Managing Initialization Parameters Using a Server Parameter File”
section in the Oracle Database Administrator’s Guide for instructions on
managing an SPFILE.
Note that all the parameters listed above can be dynamically modified with
the exception of the standby role parameters log_file_name_convert and
db_file_name_convert. It is recommended to set the parameters with
“scope=spfile” so that they can be put into effect upon the next role
change.
2. Create standby redo logs on the primary database to support the standby role.
The standby redo logs are the same size as the primary database online logs.
The recommended number of standby redo logs is one more than the number
of online redo logs for each thread. Because this example has two online redo
logs for each thread, three standby redo logs are required for each thread.
Creating a RAC Physical Standby for a RAC Primary Page 9
11. Maximum Availability Architecture
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 1
GROUP 5 SIZE 10M,
GROUP 6 SIZE 10M,
GROUP 7 SIZE 10M;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 2
GROUP 8 SIZE 10M,
GROUP 9 SIZE 10M,
GROUP 10 SIZE 10M;
These statements create two standby log members for each group, and
each member is 10MB in size. One member is created in the directory
specified by the DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST initialization parameter, and
the other member is created in the directory specified by
DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST initialization parameter. Because this
example assumes that there are two redo log groups in two threads, the
next group is group five.
You can check the number and group numbers of the redo logs by
querying the V$LOG view:
SQL> SELECT * FROM V$LOG;
You can check the results of the previous statements by querying the
V$STANDBY_LOG view:
SQL> SELECT * FROM V$STANDBY_LOG;
You can also see the members created by querying V$LOGFILE view:
SQL> SELECT * FROM V$LOGFILE;
See the “Configure a Standby Redo Log” section in Oracle Data Guard
Concepts and Administration manual for more information.
TASK 5: VERIFY DATA GUARD CONFIGURATION
1. On the standby database, query the V$ARCHIVED_LOG view to identify
existing files in the archived redo log. For example:
SQL> SELECT SEQUENCE#, FIRST_TIME, NEXT_TIME
FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY SEQUENCE#;
2. On the primary database, issue the following SQL statement to force a log
switch and archive the current online redo log file group:
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG CURRENT;
3. On the standby database, query the V$ARCHIVED_LOG view to verify
that the redo data was received and archived on the standby database:
SQL> SELECT SEQUENCE#, FIRST_TIME, NEXT_TIME
FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY SEQUENCE#;
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12. Maximum Availability Architecture
REFERENCES
1. Oracle Maximum Availability Architecture website on OTN
http://www.oracle.com/technology/deploy/availability/htdocs/maa.htm
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