Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in men and the second leading cause in women. Tobacco use is responsible for almost 90% of lung cancer cases. While most lung cancer patients have a history of smoking, 15% of men and 50% of women who develop lung cancer are non-smokers. Non-smokers can develop lung cancer due to factors like secondhand smoke and air pollution. A 1968-1972 study found higher rates of lung cancer in non-smoking men in South Central Los Angeles, where air quality testing found excess polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Secondhand smoke exposure is one of the reasons non-smokers develop lung cancer.