S3 B.ed note Climate change Important

1. Divya.A.S
S3 B.Ed commerce
Sngk college
pothencode

2. The removal of topsoil from a region by wind, rain , river
water or human activities is called Soil Erosion.
The process may be natural or accelerated by human activity.
Depending on the local landscape and whether condition, erosion may be vary
slow or very rapid. In agriculture, soil erosion refers to the wearing away of a
fields topsoil by the natural physical forces of water and wind or through
forces associated with farming activities such as tillage.

3.  Wind : the particles of topsoil area carried away y strong winds. This cause soil
erosion.
 Rain: Rain falling on unprotected topsoil washes it down into the stream causing soil
erosion.
 Improper farming : Leaving the field fallow for long time cause soil erosion
 Human activity: in order to provide housing to the growing population, more and
more areas are being cleared of trees, plants and other vegetation. Once vegetation is
removed, the naked soil gets exposed and easily ordered by wind and water.
 Deforestation: large scale cutting down of forest trees for timber and fuel also causes
soil erosion.
 Frequent Flooding: when the rivers are flooded with water repeatedly, then the
floodwater removes the topsoil of the fields never the river carries it away causing soil
erosion.

4.  Soil erosion can turn lush green forests into deserts and spoil the environment.
 Soil erosion can lead to famines. When the fertile topsoil is removed by soil erosion,
then the food crops do not grow well in the remaining infertile soil.
 Soil erosion can cause Landslides in hilly areas. Due to soil erosion, the various
small and big rock pieces on a hill become loose and suddenly slide down the steep
slop of the hill along with dry soil. This is called landslide.
 Soil erosion can cause flash floods. If the soil covered with vegetation, then soil can
absorb a lot of rain water. But the soil devoid of vegetation due to soil erosion
cannot absorb much rainwater. So when sudden heavy rainfall occurs in hilly areas
affected by soil erosion then flash floods occur in lower areas causing loss of life
and property.

5.  A forestation: planting new trees and plants is a forestation.
 Crop rotation: Rotating in high-residue crops-such as corn , hay , and small grain
can reduce erosion
 Terrace farming: many farmers have successfully combated erosion by planting
in flat areas created on hill sides in a step like formation.
 Soil erosion can be prevented by providing proper drainage canals around the
fields. These small canals will carry away the excess rain water
 Soil erosion can be prevented by planting trees and sowing grasses.
 Soil erosion can be prevented by constructing strong embankments along the river
banks.