preferences provide hints about behavior, manners, and thinking

1. Chapter 3 – Purposive Communication
Local and Global
Communication in
Multicultural
Settings

2. Culturally Appropriate Terms, Expression
and Images
01
Local and Global
Communication in
Multicultural Settings
World Englishes and English as International
Language
02
Linguistic Preferences and Nonverbal
Behavior
03
Tips for successful multicultural
communication
04
Tips for nonnative English speaker
05
Language registers for more effective
communication
06

3. Culturally Appropriate Terms,
Expression, and Images

4. Culturally
Appropriate Terms,
Expression, and
Images
Every country has its own
way of saying things. The
important this is that which
lies behind people’s words.
Language , more than
anything else, is the heart
of culture.
“
Freya Stark
(The Journey’s Echo: Selections from Freya Stark (Ecco Travels))

5. Around the world

6. Universal Language (English)
English spelling,
pronunciation, and etc.
reflects the way how the
English language use
based on his own cultures.

9. Images & Contents
British English spelling usually keeps the spelling
of words it absorb from another language, like
French, but American English adapts the spelling
to reflect the way the words actually sound when
they are spoken

10. Images & Contents
Centre
Colour
Recognise
Analyse
Travelled/traveller
Leukaemia
Licence
dialogue
Center
Color
Recognize
Analyze
Traveled/traveler
Leukemia
License
Dialog/dialogue
-
-
-
-
-
-
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11. World Englishes and English as
International Language

12. Affected by the
widespread use of
English as a global
language, an
important language in
business, science,
technology and
education.

13. World Englishes and
English as
International
Language
Pidgins and creoles belong
to this issue. "Pidgins" are
uses as lingua franca for
trade or any other practical
interaction.
(Mooney & Evans, 2015).
“

14. World Englishes and
English as
International
Language
• Lexifier - The language
providing vocabulary
• Substrate – The
language that provides
the syntactic structure.

15. World Englishes and
English as
International
Language when the pidgin becomes more fully
developed and serves as the
language of the community, it
becomes a "creole" (for example,
Hawai'i Creole English--HCE). keer
to the following text of HCE from
the Bible (Mooney & Evans, 2015,
p. 212)

16. World Englishes and
English as
International
Language
Day Numba One
Den God say, 'I like light to shine!' an da
light start to shine. God see how good da
light. Den he put da light on one side, an
da dark on da odda side. Da light time, he
give um da name 'Day time. Da dark time,
he give um da name 'Nite time.' So, had
da nite time an da day time, az day
numba one."
(Mooney & Evans, 2015).
“

17. World Englishes and
English as
International
Language people from the outer and
expanding circles develop an
interlanguage, a "learner language"
(which is neither pidgin nor creole)
that deviates from the norms of the
target language.

18. World Englishes and
English as
International
Language
(phonology, morphology, syntax,
semantics, pragmatics). The
interlanguage results from several
earning processes, such as
borrowing patterns from the mother
tongue, pafterns from the target
language, and expressing
meanings using the words and
grammar that are already known
(Richards, Platt, & Platt, 1997).

19. Linguistic Preferences and
Nonverbal Behavior

20. Linguistic Preferences and Nonverbal Behavior
Variation in a way different cultures
use language-like linguistic
preferences and nonverbal
behaviors also cause
miscommunication. Linguistic
preferences provide hints about
behavior, manners, and thinking as a
cultural group. (Lee,2017; Zelinski,
2017)

21. Linguistic Preferences and Nonverbal Behavior
Linguistic preferences
provide hints about
behavior, manners, and
thinking as a cultural
group.

22. Linguistic Preferences and Nonverbal Behavior
Also called ‘’ the silent language’’
Defines as the expressive human
attributes that impart feelings,
attitudes, reactions, and judgements
which need to be given continued
attention because they are acquired
mainly through acculturation.
They are unspoken and largely
unconscious, so the implied
meanings are felt than understood .

23. Linguistic
Preferences and
Nonverbal Behavior
The popular American "thumbs
up" sign is considered the
obscene. The V-sign with the
palm facing toward the speaker
is the obscene "up yours"
insults.
Australia

24. Linguistic
Preferences and
Nonverbal Behavior
Your hands should be viable at
all times even when seated at
a table.
France

25. Linguistic
Preferences and
Nonverbal Behavior
It is impolite to put your hands
in your pockets. Gum chewing
in public is rude. Sit down only
after you have been offered a
seat. Be punctual because
punctuality is important.
Germany

26. Linguistic
Preferences and
Nonverbal Behavior
Maintain a two arm's-length
distance with the person.
Touching and patting are not
acceptable. When you are
seated, your feet should be
facing the ground; the soles of
your shoes should not be
shown.
Hong Kong

27. Linguistic
Preferences and
Nonverbal Behavior
When you are in a private
home or mosque, be sure to
remove your shoes. Position
them by pointing them toward
the door from which you
entered.
Indonesia

28. Linguistic
Preferences and
Nonverbal Behavior
The bow is still the tradition in
greetings. Bend your body
about 30-degree angle from
the waist. For men: Palms
should be face up, toward the
knee . For women: Hands
should be folded in front of you
as you bow.
Japan

29. Linguistic
Preferences and
Nonverbal Behavior
Expect greetings to be very
emotional. They consist of
"salaam alaykum" ("May God
be with you") followed by a
"keef halak" ("How are you").
Saudi Arabia

30. Linguistic
Preferences and
Nonverbal Behavior
Gestures with your entire hand
in conversation. Pointing with
one or two fingers is rude.
Avoid showing the soles of
your shoes. Your feet should
be used for walking- nothing
else. Feet are combined with
lean parts of the body and
should never, for instance, be
used for moving anything ( a
chair closer to a table).
Singapore

31. Linguistic
Preferences and
Nonverbal Behavior
Gestures with your entire hand
in conversation. Pointing with
one or two fingers is rude. Avoid
showing the soles of your shoes.
Your feet should be used for
walking- nothing else. Feet are
combined with lean parts of the
body and should never, for
instance, be used for moving
anything ( a chair closer to a
table).
Singapore

32. Linguistic
Preferences and
Nonverbal Behavior
When meeting someone, a slight
bow is appropriate. It is considered
good manners to acknowledge an
older person by standing when the
person enters a room. One way to
show respect for elders is by
lowering your eyes. Local laughter is
rude. When laughing in public, cover
your mouth. Be sure to remove your
shoes when entering a temple or a
person's home. A hug or patting in a
the back is rude.
South Korea

33. Linguistic
Preferences and
Nonverbal Behavior
When meeting someone, respect
space by maintaining a two arm's-
length distance. "Men should wait a
British woman to extend her hand
before shaking hands. When
meeting someone, rather than
saying "It's nice to meet you", a
more appropriate response is, "How
do you do?". Your hands should be
always be visible. It is rude for
hands to be in pocket.
United Kingdom

34. Tips for successful multicultural
communication

35. Tips for successful multicultural communication
What is Multicultural Communication?
Multicultural Communication refers to a
society that contains several cultural or
ethnic groups. People live alongside one
another, but each cultural group does not
necessarily have engaging interactions with
each other.

36. Tips for successful multicultural communication
Being a member of a culturally
diverse society, you can adopt
strategies to avoid being
misunderstood when communicating
with others from another cultural
group. Here are some tips you can
follow:

37. Tips for successful multicultural communication
1.Simplify your message by using less-complex
sentence stucture and vocabulary.
2. Avoid shouting to be understood.
3. Define the meaning of critical technical words
and acronyms.
4. Avoid nonstandard abbreviation, suc as “U R”
for “you are”.

38. Tips for successful multicultural communication
1. Simplify your message by using less-complex
sentence structure and vocabulary.
2. Avoid shouting to be understood.
3. Define the meaning of critical technical words
and acronyms.
4. Avoid nonstandard abbreviation, such as “U R”
for “you are”.

39. Tips for successful multicultural communication
5. Be patient and try to follow the other
communicator’s ideas and logic, which
may be different from yours.
6. Ask him to repeat once, maybe twice, or
to say ideas in a different manner (if you
do not understand him.

40. Tips for successful multicultural communication
7. Remain cool and composed even when
you have made mistake that results in
embarrassment for you or feeling
embarrassed by others (in most cases,
they did not mean to embarrass you).
8. Clarify the meaning and intensions of
something said or done by someone
who comes from a culturally different.

41. Tips for successful multicultural communication
9. Clarify someone’s actions or words
with the person or with someone’s else
who has experience in dealing with
similar cultural groups (if you cannot
think any positive interpretation of the
actions done or words said because
you may be missing something).

42. Tips for successful multicultural communication
10. Adapt your space requirement to that of
someone from another cultural group
whenever possible ( you can judge someone’s
comfort zone by the distance to which he
extends his hands)
11. Give the benefit of the doubt to someone who
does or says something that seems weird
and/or wrong (ask yourself: “How else could I
interpret these words or actions).

43. Tips for nonnative English
speaker

44. Tips for nonnative English speaker
1. If you do not mind people suggesting
words so that you can communicate
more quickly, say so.
2. Try to participate in English discussions,
especially brainstorming sessions, even
if you feel uncomfortable.

45. Tips for nonnative English speaker
3. If your school offers English as a Second
Language (ESL) courses, take them, even
if your English is already functional.
Courses designed to help you modify your
accent to make it more understandable by
native English speakers can be particularly
beneficial.
4. Keep a dictionary handy or google to make
sure the words you use mean what you
think they mean.

46. Tips for nonnative English speaker
5. Ask someone who is proficient in English for
help with your documents, presentations, and
even sensitive e-mails or phone calls, if
necessary.
6. Before calling someone, think of what you
want to say and look up any words that you
are unsure of. If you must leave a voice mail
message, compose the message on paper,
then read it into the phone.

47. Tips for nonnative English speaker
7. Make sure you know and use appropriate the
technical words that people in your field use.
Use the terms repeatedly until they become
second nature.
8. Do not attempt to use slang and idiomatic
expressions unless you are quite sure
about what they mean, and how they are
used. Using these incorrectly or in wrong can
backfire.

48. Language registers for more
effective communication

49. Language registers for more effective communication
Register
Refers to particular varieties or styles of
speaking and writing, which vary in their
degrees of formality depending on the
topic ,purpose, context, and audience.

50. 5 categories on register
Formal
Hello!
Neutral Informal Very Informal
How do you do?
Very formal
Hello!
Hi!
What’s up/
Hey!

51. Language registers for more effective communication
Very formal/frozen/static
register
This register is frozen in tie and content
because it rarely or never changes.
Example: Poetry, The Lord’s Prayer,
Law’s, Marriage Vows, Insurance
Policies, Leases, and Wills.

52. Language registers for more effective communication
Formal or regulated
register
This is the formal and impersonal
language, which is one way in nature and
used in formal situation.
Examples: Books, News reports,
Magazine or Journal article, business
letters, official speeches, and sermons.

53. Language registers for more effective communication
Neutral/professional/
consultative register
This is the normal style of speaking between
communication who use mutually accepted
language that conforms to formal social
standards.
Example: Types of communication between
strangers, teacher and student, superior and
subordinate, doctor and patient, and lawyer
and client.

54. Language registers for more effective communication
Informal/group/casual
register
This is the informal language between
friends and piers, which uses slang,
vulgarities, and colloquialisms.
Example: Conversations, chats and
emails ,blogs, tweets, and personal letter.

55. Language registers for more effective communication
Very informal/personal/intimate
register
This is the private, intimate language
reserved for family members or intimate
people.
Examples: Husband and wife, boyfriend
or girlfriend, siblings, and parent and
child.

56. Thank you
Communicate & connect