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- 1. LITERATURE STUDY& DATA COLLECTION. MIXED LAND USE DEVELOPMENT. SUBMITTED BY : M.PUSHPA HARSHITHA, (20111AR0005). P.SAIREDDY, (20111AR0006). G.SARANYA, (20111AR0007). M.VARUN SAI RAJU, (20111AR0010). M.BINDU MADHAVI, (20111AR0014). M.SATYA NAGENDRA, (20111AR0023).
- 2. HISTORICAL PERCEPTION OF MIXED-LAND USE IN INDIAN CITIES MIXED LAND USE DEVELOPMENT 2 INTRODUCTION • A mixed – use development is a urban or architectural concept that combines diverse functions like residential , commercial , retail & recreational spaces within a single integrated project ,promoting convenience and fostering a vibrant community atmosphere . TRADITIONAL NEIGHBOURHOOD & MIXED-LAND USE: • Humans wish & prefer to have varying activities with in their reach. • In traditionally settlements & multiple uses where provided in the same vicinity. • There is a strong relationship between the work place, living spaces, recreation & other ancillary activities. INDUSTRIAL LAND USE& SEGREGATED LAND USE: • Low density segregated sprawl development was favored to separate the dwelling& work space resulting to social exclusiol & economic separation of the producer & consumers. MIXED-USE REVIVAL: • The concept started enhancing the community based society, proximity to the facilities there by increasing walk ability & interaction, equity & health being thus promoting social sustainability. PRESENT SCENARIO OF MIXED LAND USE DEVELOPMENT URBANISATION: • Due to increase in population, mixed land use was revival in India in order to compensate these problems which are : • Urban sprawl • Traffic congestion • Urban decay • Disconnected neighborhoods. • Presently, the cities became known for hub of environment degradation, depletion of natural resources and the main reason behind this depletion is high densities of Indian cities due to migration process and natural growth. SOURCE : TIME SAVERS STANDARDS FOR HOUSING
- 3. HOME WORK LEISURE MIXED LAND USE DEVELOPMENT 3 VERTICAL MIXED – USE HORIZONTAL MIXED - USE TRANSIT – ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT T Y P E S In terms of architecture the mixed – use development is classified as 3 types Reducing the walking distance and encouraging the pedestrians movement. VERTICAL MIXED – USE o It refers to a multi – story building or skyscraper that combines different functions within the same structure. o This can include a mix of residential , commercial, retail & office spaces allowing people to live , work , shop & socialize within a single high – rise building , often optimizing urban space and promoting convivence . • Expanded use of mixed-use zoning and mixed-use developments may be found in a variety of contexts, such as following: • As part of smart growth planning strategies. • In traditional urban neighborhoods, as a part of urban renewal or infill. • In traditional suburbs, adding one or more mixed-use developments to provide a new or more prominent downtown for community. • Greenfield developments, i.e. new construction on previously undeveloped land, particularly at edge of metropolitan areas. CONTEXTS Early 20 century Zoning regulations 18-19 century Industrial revolution Before 18 century Historical cities EVOLUTION Mid 20 century Post world war-II End of 20 century Return to mixed use
- 4. 4 HORIZONTAL MIXED – USE o In all integrated schemes of DDA, a minimum of 30% of overall FAR shall be mandatory for residential use, a minimum of 5% of FAR for commercial use and minimum of 10% of FAR for community facilities At least 50% of the total FAR shall be as per ZDP(Zonal Development Plan)use. PRINCIPLE OF MIXED-LAND USE DEVOLOPMENT o Allow for a more balanced and integrated mix of uses that includes retail, offices, commercial services, housing and civic uses to create economic and social vitality. o Provides option for commercial opportunities by designing flexibility into the initial building to allow for subsequent reuse options. o Promotes for the development of affordable housing. o Includes amenities and attraction that cannot be included in single purpose projects such as public realm that can capitalize on the synergy of diverse users. LAND USE-MIX 30% 5% 10% 25% 30% 45% MANDATORY MIX RESIDENTIAL USE 30% COMMERCIAL USE 5% COMMUNITY USE 10% 55% FLEXIBLE MIX RESIDENTIAL USE 25% OTHERS 30% RESIDENTIAL LAND USE-MIX o It involves integrating various functions like residential , commercial & recreational spaces within a single contiguous area , often in a neighborhood or complex layout . o Single use buildings on district parcels in a range of land uses within one planned development project . MIXED LAND USE DEVELOPMENT SOURCE : TIME SAVERS STANDARDS FOR HOUSING
- 5. 5 COMMERCIAL LAND USE-MIX 30% 5% 10% 45% 10% 55% FLEXIBLE MIX COMMERCIAL USE 45% OTHERS 10% 45% MANDATORY MIX RESIDENTIAL USE 30% COMMERCIAL 5% COMMUNITY USE 10% INDUSTRIAL LAND USE-MIX 55% FLEXIBLE MIX INDUSTRIAL USE 55% 30% 5% 10% 55% 45% MANDATORY MIX RESIDENTIAL USE 30% COMMERCIAL 5% COMMUNITY USE 10% AMENITIES HOSPITALITY COMMERCIAL RECREATIONAL MIXED LAND USE DEVELOPMENT SOURCE : TIME SAVERS STANDARDS FOR HOUSING SERVICES RECREATIONAL HOSPITALITY COMMERCIAL INSTITUTIONAL PARKING OPEN SPACES RESTAURANTS DEPARTMENTAL STORES PRE SCHOOLS MECHANICAL GYM CAFES RETAIL COMPLEXES PRIMARY SCHOOLS PLUMBING SPORTS WORKSPACES ELECTRICAL CLUBS FIRE SAFETY SOURCE : DDA,2017
- 6. 6 HOUSING FOR HIGHER INCOME GROUP HIGH-RISE APARTMENT : • High-rise apartments are multi-story residential buildings that typically consist of several floors, often ranging from 5 to over 40 stories, and offer individual apartment units stacked vertically. • High-rise apartments often include amenities like security, parking, elevators, and communal spaces, making them popular choices in densely populated areas. TYPES OF FLATS 3 BHK 4 BHK 5BHK DUPLEX TRIPLEX SKY VILLAS BUILDING COVERAGE : HOUSING LUXURY VILLAS HIGH-RISE APARTMENT PENTHOUSES GATED COMMUNITIES TOWNHOUSE BUNGALOWS RESIDENTIAL ESTATES WATERFRONT PROPERTIES COUNTRY HOUSES • Building coverage is the proportion of net or gross residential land area taken up by buildings. • Thus, for instance, 40 percent net coverage means that 40 percent of the residential land area is covered by buildings, leaving 60 percent in open land for residential outdoor uses. • The minimum plot area shall not be less than 2000 sq.m for high rise buildings . MIXED LAND USE DEVELOPMENT SOURCE : TIME SAVERS STANDARDS FOR HOUSING
- 7. 7 3 - BEDROOM 4 - BEDROOM 5 - BEDROOM ELEMENTS 1. LIVING ROOM 2. SEPARATE DINING ROOM 3. KITCHEN 4. MASTER BEDROOM 5. TWO SMALLER BEDROOMS BATHROOMS 6. OUTDOOR AREA 1. LIVING ROOM 2. SEPARATE DINING ROOM 3. KITCHEN 4. MASTER BEDROOM 5. 3 - SMALLER BATHROOMS 6. OUTDOOR AREA 1. LIVING ROOM 2. SEPARATE DINING ROOM 3. KITCHEN 4. MASTER BEDROOM 5. 4 - SMALLER BEDROOMS BATHROOMS 6. OUTDOOR AREA TOILET FACILITIES 1 – 2 BATHROOMS 2 BATHROOMS 2 – 3 BATHROOMS SIZE 200 TO 250 SQ.M 250 TO 350 SQ.M 300 TO 450 SQ.M NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS FOUR TO SIX PERSONS SIX TO EIGHT PERSONS EIGHT TO TWELVE PERSONS PARKING REQUIREMENTS 1 BIKE & 2 CARS 2 BIKES & 2 CARS 2 BIKES & 3 CARS SKY VILLAS • The typical duplex apartment is located on 2 levels with the living room , kitchen, & dining area on one level and the sleeping area on the other level and the sleeping area on the other level connected by an interior stair . • The duplex apartment ,whether located in a center – corridor scheme or open corridor scheme has the added advantage of through ventilation for the upper level and two exposures , which permits better building orientation . • It has an area ranges from 150 – 300 sq.m . DUPLEX APARTMENT • Sky villas are a niche and upscale residential concept, often located in high-rise buildings, that provide a luxurious and spacious living experience. • With a high level of global exposure and awareness of international standards, the Sky Villa lifestyle is gradually gaining popularity within the consumers of urban Indian cities. MIXED LAND USE DEVELOPMENT SOURCE : TIME SAVERS STANDARDS FOR HOUSING& GO;119
- 8. 8 TRIPLEX - APARTMENT • The triplex apartment is located on 3 different levels. This type of apartment is restricted to the most luxurious high - rise apartments buildings or to the three – level town houses. • In high - rise buildings corridors on the upper floor may be omitted , but interior stairs must be provided . • To justify the use of stairs , the apartment must be relatively large , consisting of three bedrooms or more . • Such apartments can only be supported in private luxury – type buildings . MAX TRAVEL DISTANCE • Travel Distance for Occupancy and Type of Construction as given in the Table below shall be followed. • If travel distance exceeds that given in the table below, additional staircases shall be provided. GROUP OF OCCUPANCY MAXIMUM TRAVEL DISTANCE ( M ) TYPE 1 & 2 TYPE 3 & 4 RESIDENTIAL 30 22.5 COMPARTMENTATION • Compartmentation & pressurization method shall be adopted to protect escape routes against ingress of smoke , or toxic gases into the escape routes will be prevented . • Pressurization shall be adopted for high rise buildings and building having mixed occupancy/multiplexes having covered area more than 500 sq.m . Notes: • For fully sprinkled building, the travel distance may be increased by 50% of the values specified above. • Ramps shall be counted as one of the means of escape wherever permitted in National Building Code 2005 CORRIDORS • The minimum width of a corridor in a residential building shall be 1.2m for single loaded and 2.0m for double loaded and in all other buildings shall be 1.5m. • Where stairways discharge through corridors and passageways, the height of corridors and passageways shall be not less than 2.4m. • All means of exit including staircases, lifts lobbies and corridors shall be ventilated. MIXED LAND USE DEVELOPMENT SOURCE : TIME SAVERS STANDARDS FOR HOUSING& GO;119
- 9. 9 ROAD WIDTHS & SET BACKS SL NO. HEIGHT OF BUILDING ( IN METRES ) MINIMUM ABUTTING ROAD WIDTH ( IN METRES ) MINIMUM ALL ROUND OPEN SPACE ABOVE UPTO 1 - 21 12 7 2 21 24 12 8 3 24 27 18 9 4 27 30 18 10 5 30 35 24 11 6 35 40 24 12 7 40 45 24 13 8 45 50 30 14 9 50 55 30 16 10 After 55m, 0.5m additional setback for every 5m of height shall be insisted • The open space to be left between two blocks shall be equivalent to the open space mentioned as above and this shall not be considered for organized open space ( tot lot ) . • In case of high rise buildings up to 30m height , it is permitted to transfer up to 2m of setback from one side to the other side , which needs to uniform at any given point. • Subject to maintaining the minimum setback of 7m on all sides and not exceeding the permissible / allowable plinth area. • Buildings abutting major road of 30m and above width shall be permitted only after providing black – topped roads of minimum 7m width with minimum 2 lane carriage way within the defined right of way . PARKING REQUIREMENTS CATEGORY OF BUILDING PARKING AREA TO BE PROVIDED AS PERCENTAGE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS NAGAR PANCHAYATS & PANCHAYATS HIGH – RISE BUILDINGS 30 25 MIXED LAND USE DEVELOPMENT SOURCE : TIME SAVERS STANDARDS FOR HOUSING& GO;119
- 10. FIRE SAFETY ALARMS SMOKE & FIRE DETECTORS FIRE DEPARTMENT STAND PIPES FIRE SPRINKLERS EXITS & EXIT SIGNS MIXED LAND USE DEVELOPMENT 10 COMPONENTS OF HIGH-RISE FIRE SAFETY FIRE SAFETY EMERGENCY LIGHTS FIRE EXTINGUISHERS SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEM PRESSURISED STAIRWAYS FIRE SAFETY PARAMETER Definition of high- rise building Fire resistance Maximum fire compartment over 28000 m3 (above ground lvl ) Minimum no. of exits Maximum travel distance Area of refuge floors No. & location of elevators Emergency operation of HVAC system NATIONAL BUILDING CODE 2005 Over 15 meters Decided by building element 500 sqm 2 15 m Min. 15sqm. 0.3sqm per person One in every 1200 sqm Shut down ALARM SYSTEMS • Required when building is more than 16.7m, from lowest point of fire department access or has more than 3 floors. • Required at EVERY EXIT FROM EVERY LEVEL & IN EVERY ELEVATOR LOBBY. • Additional fire boxes are located so that travel distance to nearest box does not exceed 61m. ARRANGEMENT OF FIRE SAFETY DEVICES IN A BUILDING SOURCE : FIRE SAFETY IN BUILDINGS
- 11. MIXED LAND USE DEVELOPMENT 11 AMENITIES TO BE PROVIDED PARKING FACILITY BUILDING SPACE OPEN SPACE & RECREATIONAL SPACES PRE PRIMARY SCHOOL COMMUNITY SPACES HEALTH CLUBS MANAGEMENT OFFICE GYM & FITNESS CENTER SPA & WELLNESS FACILITIES LOUNGE AREAS THEATER ROOM PRIVATE GARDENS OR TERRACES CHILDREN’S PLAY AREA SPORTS FACILITIES FINE DINING RESTAURANTS PET FACILITIES ART GALLERIES YOGA & MEDITATION ROOMS ROOF GARDENS OR SKY DECKS FIRE SAFETY CENTRAL LAUNDRY ROOM PRE PRIMARY SCHOOL • The typical guideline is to allocate around 1to 1.5 sq.m per child in the facility. • This space allocation includes not only the classrooms but also areas for activities , rest, play , and other necessary facilities such as bathrooms , storage ,and administrative spaces . F U R N I T U R E Tables Chairs Doors & windows Sanitary equipment Play equipment Beds Storage shelfs TABLES & CHAIRS • Upon the varying of heights by ages we have to adjust the height & space for certain age group. • By the increasing orders of age the chair height should be increase 5 – 7cm & table be increase 10 – 15cm SOURCE : NEUFERTS FOURTH
- 12. MIXED LAND USE DEVELOPMENT 12 HEIGHT RECOMMENDATION WASHING FACILITIES WC , SEAT HEIGHT NURSERY FOR EVERY 10 CHILDREN POTTY ROOM 1, 45 – 60CM 1, 20 – 25 CM KINDERGARTEN APPROX. FOR EVERY 5 CHILDERN POTTY ROOM 1, 45 – 6O CM 1, 25 – 30CM AFTER – SCHOOL APPROX. FOR EVERY 10 CHILDREN GIRLS BOYS 1 - 2 1 - 2 65 – 70 CM 1 1 30 – 35 CM SOURCE : NEUFERTS FOURTH • STORAGE SHELF FOR STORING CHILDREN’S THINGS ( 140 X 70 CM & 120 X 60 CM ) BED PLAY EQUIPMENT SLIDE SWINGS • SINGLE SWING • DOUBLE SWING
- 13. MIXED LAND USE DEVELOPMENT 13 MANAGEMENT OFFICE: There shall be a space or spaces provided in each development for visitor reception, rental activities, and development administration. • The management office should be located with direct physical, visual, and auditory accessibility to the main building entrance and lobby, to common facilities when they are on the main floor, and to the mail/ package room. • Direct visual access is here taken to mean visual control. ACCESSIBILITY • The management office should control the building entrance and lobby to discourage unwanted guests and add to the sense of security of the residents. SECURITY • This shall be determined foreach development, but it should at least include facilities for a manager and secretary, that is, two desks with chairs, filing cabinets, and several chairs for visitors. FURNISHABILITY Arm chair SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS • The management office should accommodate its intended functions without becoming officious or Overbearing in character. • It should probably have normal residential ceiling height; and it should be enclosed with glass as much as possible, both to enhance surveillance and to achieve an open, welcoming quality. ACCESSIBILITY SECURITY FURNISHABILITY SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS LAYOU T CABIN LAYOUTS
- 14. MIXED LAND USE DEVELOPMENT 14 HEALTH CLUB Health clubs, also known as fitness clubs or gyms, are facilities that provide a range of exercise and wellness services to help individuals improve their physical fitness and overall health. • Health clubs typically offer a variety of exercise equipment such as treadmills, stationary bikes, weight machines, free weights, and cardio machines like ellipticals. • These machines are designed to help members improve cardiovascular fitness, build strength, and enhance flexibility. FITNESS EQUIPMENT: TREADMILL STATIONARY BIKES ROWING MACHINE RAMP & ITS RATIO’S