Literary Theory & Criticism
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This Presentation is a part of My academic Presentation of Literary theory & Criticism, M.A English Department of English M.K Bhavanagar University and It is Submitted to Prof. Dr.Dilip Barad Sir.
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The document discusses the Three Unities - Unity of Time, Place, and Action - which were rules for dramatic structure derived from Aristotle's Poetics. The Unity of Time requires the action to take place within 24 hours. Unity of Place requires a single location. Unity of Action demands one main plot with few subplots contributing to the main plot. These rules were redefined in 1570 and referred to as Aristotelian rules for drama. The document provides examples and discusses opinions on the Three Unities from Dryden, Ben Jonson, and Dr. Johnson.
Three unity of drama
The document discusses the three unities of drama according to Aristotle - unity of time, action, and place. Unity of time requires that a play's action takes place within a single day. Unity of action mandates that a play focuses on a single plot. Unity of place stipulates that a play is set within a single location. The three unities were established by Aristotle in his book "Poetics" and aim to create a sense of realism and coherence in dramatic works. Examples of plays that follow the three unities include Oedipus Rex and Macbeth.
Background Story (Exposition)We must adjust the w.docx
Background Story
(Exposition)
We must adjust the way we read a play. The notion that what has already happened is dull and unexciting must be set aside. After all,
for the characters themselves, it is just the opposite. To them, the past is not dull and unexciting, but rather their own lives – everything good and bad that has happened to them.
James Thomas
To Reveal the Past!
Playwrights employ a unique kind of narration to reveal the past while the stage action continues to advance.
Exposition (Most Common Term)
Antecedent
Previous Action
Background Story
Understanding the past is an integral part of the play not a clumsy encumbrance. It helps create:
Mood / Atmosphere
Generates conflicts
Strongly influences environment and Given Circumstances
Clarifies relationships and the Environmental Analysis
(Potentially)Propels action forward in explosive surges
(Potentially)Increases the sense of urgency for the play/scene
Technique
Background stories tend to appear in three ways:
In extended passages near the beginning of the play
- HISTORICAL
In fragments distributed throughout the action
- MODERN
Or buried beneath the onstage action
- MINIMILIST (VEILED)
Historical Technique
In classic plays, those written before the rise of realism, the background story tend to appear in extended passages near the beginning of the play and at the end of scenes to reveal more about the previous action.
Advantages:
Collects essential facts and focuses attention on key elements at the beginning of the play
Allows playwright to spend more time on developing the action through the play
Establishes clear storytelling elements for the audience early on
Disadvantages:
- Long speeches at the beginning can be a drag for the audience at the beginning of plays
Modern Technique
- In the early part of the nineteenth century a man named Eugene Scribe, a scientist by trade, developed the playwritings style of the well made play. Scribe Began to employ the then novel principle of cause and effect into his plays with the intention to make the accidental seem necessary. Time, place and action were to operate according to scientific rules. The well made play has influenced modern playwrights since Ibsen, Shaw, Chekhov, Strindberg, Miller, Williams, O’Neill.
Well made plays employ some background story at the beginning of the play as in classic plays, but now, much of it is evenly distributed throughout the play with more characters revealing differing parts of the background story and is always used for maximum effect to the action
This cause and effect way of working is called the RETROSPECTIVE METHOD:
The onstage action moves forward in time as the past moves backward in time
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core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
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more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
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'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
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like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
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centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
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providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
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of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
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Literary criticism involves evaluating literary works through analyzing their genre, structure, and value. Critics publish their analyses in sources like the Times Literary Supplement and The New Yorker. Criticism can examine aspects like a work's genre, themes, and significance through approaches such as historical criticism, feminist criticism, and analyzing literary devices. Feminist criticism specifically analyzes how women are portrayed in a work and how gender influences the author and content.
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The document discusses the Three Unities - Unity of Time, Place, and Action - which were rules for dramatic structure derived from Aristotle's Poetics. The Unity of Time requires the action to take place within 24 hours. Unity of Place requires a single location. Unity of Action demands one main plot with few subplots contributing to the main plot. These rules were redefined in 1570 and referred to as Aristotelian rules for drama. The document provides examples and discusses opinions on the Three Unities from Dryden, Ben Jonson, and Dr. Johnson.
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The document discusses the three unities of drama according to Aristotle - unity of time, action, and place. Unity of time requires that a play's action takes place within a single day. Unity of action mandates that a play focuses on a single plot. Unity of place stipulates that a play is set within a single location. The three unities were established by Aristotle in his book "Poetics" and aim to create a sense of realism and coherence in dramatic works. Examples of plays that follow the three unities include Oedipus Rex and Macbeth.
Background Story (Exposition)We must adjust the w.docx
Background Story
(Exposition)
We must adjust the way we read a play. The notion that what has already happened is dull and unexciting must be set aside. After all,
for the characters themselves, it is just the opposite. To them, the past is not dull and unexciting, but rather their own lives – everything good and bad that has happened to them.
James Thomas
To Reveal the Past!
Playwrights employ a unique kind of narration to reveal the past while the stage action continues to advance.
Exposition (Most Common Term)
Antecedent
Previous Action
Background Story
Understanding the past is an integral part of the play not a clumsy encumbrance. It helps create:
Mood / Atmosphere
Generates conflicts
Strongly influences environment and Given Circumstances
Clarifies relationships and the Environmental Analysis
(Potentially)Propels action forward in explosive surges
(Potentially)Increases the sense of urgency for the play/scene
Technique
Background stories tend to appear in three ways:
In extended passages near the beginning of the play
- HISTORICAL
In fragments distributed throughout the action
- MODERN
Or buried beneath the onstage action
- MINIMILIST (VEILED)
Historical Technique
In classic plays, those written before the rise of realism, the background story tend to appear in extended passages near the beginning of the play and at the end of scenes to reveal more about the previous action.
Advantages:
Collects essential facts and focuses attention on key elements at the beginning of the play
Allows playwright to spend more time on developing the action through the play
Establishes clear storytelling elements for the audience early on
Disadvantages:
- Long speeches at the beginning can be a drag for the audience at the beginning of plays
Modern Technique
- In the early part of the nineteenth century a man named Eugene Scribe, a scientist by trade, developed the playwritings style of the well made play. Scribe Began to employ the then novel principle of cause and effect into his plays with the intention to make the accidental seem necessary. Time, place and action were to operate according to scientific rules. The well made play has influenced modern playwrights since Ibsen, Shaw, Chekhov, Strindberg, Miller, Williams, O’Neill.
Well made plays employ some background story at the beginning of the play as in classic plays, but now, much of it is evenly distributed throughout the play with more characters revealing differing parts of the background story and is always used for maximum effect to the action
This cause and effect way of working is called the RETROSPECTIVE METHOD:
The onstage action moves forward in time as the past moves backward in time
FROM OUR PLAY ALL MY SONS….
LET US LOOK AT THE ANN AND CHRIS SCENE WHERE THEY REVEAL THEIR FEELING FOR ONE ANOTHER.
What do we learn about Chris and Ann with respect to their own past that helps push th ...
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Theatre is a collaborative art form that presents live performances before a live audience. Performers use gestures, speech, song, dance and other elements to convey experiences to the audience. Drama is a specific mode of fiction that represents stories through performance. There are different genres of drama including tragedy, comedy, melodrama and tragicomedy. Playwrights use dramatic structures like exposition, rising action, climax, and resolution to organize their material.
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
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like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
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centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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Literary Theory & Criticism
- 1. Three Unities Name :-Olakiya Sonal Z. Roll no :-31 Paper :-3(Literary Theory & criticism) Semester :- 1(one) Work :-Presentation Entolment No:-2069108420170022 Email Id :-sonalolakiya2405@gmail.com Submitted by :-Bhavnagar Uni. Dept. of Eng. Smt .S.B Gardi Maharaja Krishanakumarsinhji Bhavnagar university.
- 2. Introduction The Greek and Roman critics commended three dramatic unities. Which may be observed by a good critics. They are unity Time, Place and Action. Aristotle unities, or three unities are rules for drama derived from a passage in Aristotle poetics in their neo-classical from they are as follows
- 3. Three Unities ● Unity of Time ● Unity of place ● Unity of action
- 4. Unity of Time The Unities of time implies that the action in a play should not exceed the limit of 24 hours. The action of the play should take place in a short internal chronology, ideally, no more than 24 hours. Previous events leading up to the present situation were recounted on stage. As Prospero tells Miranda of the events which led to their abandonment on the island.
- 5. Unity of Place The Unity of place limits it to one general locality that is there must be in a play no change of scene. Unities of place A play should not exist in a single Physical Space and Should not attempt to compress geography nor should the stage represent more the one place.
- 6. Unity of Action The Unity of action limits it to a single set of incidents which are related as cause and effect, according to him. A play should heve one main action that it follows with no more or few subplots. "It must have a beginning, a middle, and an end." These are the qualities that give us the genuine tragic thrill. Unity of Action no action or scene in the play was to be a digression; all were to contribute directly in some way to the plot. So far as Dramatic unities are concerned.
- 7. Thank You