The document discusses a proposal by the Arab Gambian Islamic Bank to create an Islamic Leasing Investment Fund (ILIF) to manage excess liquidity in a Sharia-compliant manner. The proposal suggests that the ILIF would use investor funds to purchase real estate, vehicles, and equipment for leasing to generate rental income. Investors would receive certificates entitling them to a share of actual fund profits. The Central Bank of The Gambia could use the fund to finance purchases for government agencies. Comments are provided on making the fund and certificates compliant with Sharia principles and developing the proposal.
Islamic banking operates according to Islamic religious principles, which prohibit interest and encourage profit and loss sharing. Some major modes of Islamic banking and financing include murabaha, ijara, ijara-wal-iqtina, istisna, bai muajjal, mudarabah, musharakah, and bai salam. Islamic banking first emerged in Egypt and Pakistan in the 1960s-1970s and has since grown globally. In Pakistan, Islamic banking has a long history and the government has taken steps since the 1980s to gradually Islamize the conventional banking system.
Islamic banking operates according to Islamic principles, prohibiting interest and requiring profit and loss sharing. It uses various financing modes including murabaha, ijara, istisna, and musharakah. Murabaha involves the bank purchasing an asset for the client and selling it at a higher price. Ijara is a leasing contract. Istisna allows for manufacturing goods with advance payment. Musharakah is a joint partnership. There are differing views on whether profit ratios must match investment ratios.
Islamic banking operates according to Islamic religious principles, which prohibit interest and encourage profit and loss sharing. Some major modes of Islamic banking and financing include murabaha, ijara, ijara-wal-iqtina, istisna, bai muajjal, mudarabah, musharakah, and bai salam. Islamic banking first emerged in Egypt and Pakistan in the 1960s-1970s and has since grown globally. In Pakistan, Islamic banking has a long history and the government has taken steps since the 1980s to gradually Islamize the conventional banking system.
This document discusses using istisna' (commissioned production) contracts as an interest-free alternative for financing infrastructure projects. Istisna' allows for both the price and goods to be deferred, unlike other Islamic financing contracts. The document proposes a formula where investors construct facilities for a public authority in exchange for deferred price certificates (DPCs) representing the authority's debt. While DPCs cannot be traded before maturity, the document suggests methods for imparting some liquidity, including using them to purchase goods at a higher deferred price or having authorities control their transferability. Islamic banks could facilitate such deals through marketing and collecting repayments. The document also discusses structuring different maturity tranches to attract longer-term investors
This document provides an introduction to Shari'ah principles governing commercial transactions in Islamic law. It defines key concepts like 'aqd (contract), offer, acceptance, consideration, and subject matter. It outlines requirements for parties to a contract and how offer and acceptance work. It also categorizes different types of Islamic contracts and compares conventional and Islamic banking principles and products.
Mudarabah is an Islamic equity-based contract where the rabbul-maal provides capital to the mudarib for a business venture. Profits are shared according to a predetermined ratio, while losses are borne by the rabbul-maal. There are issues with using mudarabah as the basis for deposit instruments or financing facilities, as some structures violate risk-sharing principles. Bay' Bithaman Ajil (BBA) is an Islamic contract where payment for an asset is deferred through installments. It is commonly used for home financing in Malaysia, though some consider it controversial as the profit rate tracks market interest rates. Legal documentation for BBA financing includes sale and purchase agreements and security documents like charges over
This document discusses various options for how an Islamic central bank can manage excess liquidity in Islamic banks in a Shari'ah-compliant manner. It proposes three main approaches: 1) Recycling Islamic bank reserves by investing them in other Islamic banks through Mudarabah contracts. 2) Creating investment instruments like units in government asset pools or lease bonds that comply with Shari'ah. 3) Accepting certificates of placement from international Islamic investment funds as reserves with the central bank. The document provides details on how each of these three approaches could work to allow Islamic banks to earn returns on their reserves in a way that does not involve interest.
This document discusses the challenges in making sukuk (Islamic financial certificates) fully shariah compliant. It outlines the definitions of key terms like sukuk and financial instruments. It then explains that most sukuk structures are based on leased real assets, as negotiability in shariah is only granted to those willing to own real assets. However, it notes that not all leases are equal - there are differences between financial and operating leases that must be considered. The document argues that stipulating that the lessee must repurchase the leased asset at the original price transforms the funds into a loan, which has serious shariah and economic consequences. It concludes that more work needs to be done to ensure
Islamic banking operates according to Islamic religious principles, which prohibit interest and encourage profit and loss sharing. Some major modes of Islamic banking and financing include murabaha, ijara, ijara-wal-iqtina, istisna, bai muajjal, mudarabah, musharakah, and bai salam. Islamic banking first emerged in Egypt and Pakistan in the 1960s-1970s and has since grown globally. In Pakistan, Islamic banking has a long history and the government has taken steps since the 1980s to gradually Islamize the conventional banking system.
Islamic banking operates according to Islamic principles, prohibiting interest and requiring profit and loss sharing. It uses various financing modes including murabaha, ijara, istisna, and musharakah. Murabaha involves the bank purchasing an asset for the client and selling it at a higher price. Ijara is a leasing contract. Istisna allows for manufacturing goods with advance payment. Musharakah is a joint partnership. There are differing views on whether profit ratios must match investment ratios.
Islamic banking operates according to Islamic religious principles, which prohibit interest and encourage profit and loss sharing. Some major modes of Islamic banking and financing include murabaha, ijara, ijara-wal-iqtina, istisna, bai muajjal, mudarabah, musharakah, and bai salam. Islamic banking first emerged in Egypt and Pakistan in the 1960s-1970s and has since grown globally. In Pakistan, Islamic banking has a long history and the government has taken steps since the 1980s to gradually Islamize the conventional banking system.
This document discusses using istisna' (commissioned production) contracts as an interest-free alternative for financing infrastructure projects. Istisna' allows for both the price and goods to be deferred, unlike other Islamic financing contracts. The document proposes a formula where investors construct facilities for a public authority in exchange for deferred price certificates (DPCs) representing the authority's debt. While DPCs cannot be traded before maturity, the document suggests methods for imparting some liquidity, including using them to purchase goods at a higher deferred price or having authorities control their transferability. Islamic banks could facilitate such deals through marketing and collecting repayments. The document also discusses structuring different maturity tranches to attract longer-term investors
This document provides an introduction to Shari'ah principles governing commercial transactions in Islamic law. It defines key concepts like 'aqd (contract), offer, acceptance, consideration, and subject matter. It outlines requirements for parties to a contract and how offer and acceptance work. It also categorizes different types of Islamic contracts and compares conventional and Islamic banking principles and products.
Mudarabah is an Islamic equity-based contract where the rabbul-maal provides capital to the mudarib for a business venture. Profits are shared according to a predetermined ratio, while losses are borne by the rabbul-maal. There are issues with using mudarabah as the basis for deposit instruments or financing facilities, as some structures violate risk-sharing principles. Bay' Bithaman Ajil (BBA) is an Islamic contract where payment for an asset is deferred through installments. It is commonly used for home financing in Malaysia, though some consider it controversial as the profit rate tracks market interest rates. Legal documentation for BBA financing includes sale and purchase agreements and security documents like charges over
This document discusses various options for how an Islamic central bank can manage excess liquidity in Islamic banks in a Shari'ah-compliant manner. It proposes three main approaches: 1) Recycling Islamic bank reserves by investing them in other Islamic banks through Mudarabah contracts. 2) Creating investment instruments like units in government asset pools or lease bonds that comply with Shari'ah. 3) Accepting certificates of placement from international Islamic investment funds as reserves with the central bank. The document provides details on how each of these three approaches could work to allow Islamic banks to earn returns on their reserves in a way that does not involve interest.
This document discusses the challenges in making sukuk (Islamic financial certificates) fully shariah compliant. It outlines the definitions of key terms like sukuk and financial instruments. It then explains that most sukuk structures are based on leased real assets, as negotiability in shariah is only granted to those willing to own real assets. However, it notes that not all leases are equal - there are differences between financial and operating leases that must be considered. The document argues that stipulating that the lessee must repurchase the leased asset at the original price transforms the funds into a loan, which has serious shariah and economic consequences. It concludes that more work needs to be done to ensure
This document discusses key aspects of securitization under the SARFAESI Act in India. It defines important terms related to securitization such as originator, obligor, asset reconstruction, and qualified institutional buyer. It describes the steps involved in a securitization transaction, from loan origination to the issuance of asset-backed securities. The advantages of securitization to investors, sellers/originators, and financial markets are provided. Finally, some legal and regulatory issues pertaining to securitization in India are outlined.
This document discusses key aspects of securitization under the SARFAESI Act in India. It defines important terms related to securitization such as originator, obligor, asset reconstruction, and qualified institutional buyer. It describes the steps involved in a securitization transaction, from loan origination to the issuance of asset-backed securities. The advantages of securitization to investors, sellers/originators, and financial markets are provided. Finally, some legal and regulatory issues pertaining to securitization in India are outlined.
1) Islamic banks obtain funds from deposits and use those funds to finance various approved investment activities like trade financing. More than 75% of funds come from deposits.
2) Financing must follow Shariah principles like prohibiting interest and uncertainty and balancing individual and societal needs.
3) The bank uses modes like murabahah, ijarah, mudharabah and musharakah with different structures for purchasing, leasing or jointly investing in assets and sharing profits and losses according to capital contributions.
This document provides an overview of sukuk (Islamic bonds) including:
1) Sukuk are better described as Islamic investment certificates that are backed by real assets and comply with Sharia law, rather than substitutes for conventional interest-based bonds.
2) Early sukuk were structured using contracts like salam (deferred delivery of assets for upfront payment) and ijarah (leasing), and more recently using istisna'a (manufacturing) and potentially mudaraba/musharaka (profit/loss sharing).
3) Sukuk offer investors exposure to a new asset class and opportunities for issuers to raise funds in accordance with Sharia restrictions on
This document discusses issues with modern sukuk structures and their similarity to conventional bonds. It analyzes Justice Taqi Usmani's paper on whether sukuk are truly Shariah compliant. While sukuk are intended to represent asset ownership, many modern structures guarantee returns like bonds and replicate interest. This raises questions about whether sukuk violate Shariah prohibitions on interest and debt trading. The document also examines arguments for and against stipulating manager incentives in Islamic contracts.
Types of Sukuk (Islamic Bond)
Sukuk are among the most recent products that are created using structural application in the Islamic financial markets. In order to design flexible securities that could respond to different financing needs of economic agencies in the capital market on one hand and to comply with Islamic principles and standards on the other hand, Muslim scholars started thinking about designing Islamic financial instruments. To this aim, expansive studies were conducted into Shariah-compliant contracts and their ability to be used as instruments so that to design financial instruments that would be able to replace bonds and preferred stocks, which are mainly based on Riba and loans with interests. Eventually, Sukuk was designed as an alternative investment instrument for securities with fixed returns such as bonds that are Hiram in the holy Shariah of Islam. After the successful implantation of the Riba-free banking, Muslim scholars managed to design different financial instruments based on Sharia rules and the actual needs of the Islamic countries. These instruments could be divided into three categories:
A mutual fund pools money from many investors and invests it in stocks, bonds, and other securities. It allows small investors to invest in a diversified portfolio managed by professionals. A typical individual lacks the time, skills, and resources to manage investments alone. A mutual fund is organized with a sponsor, trustees to safeguard investors, and an asset management company that does the daily investing. The large pool of money allows low-cost management for investors.
Takaful is an Islamic alternative to conventional insurance based on mutual assistance and contribution to a common fund. There are various models of takaful including mudarabah, wakalah, and hybrid models. Main products include general takaful for assets and family takaful for life events. Any surplus from contributions after claims and expenses are distributed according to Shariah principles or used to cover deficits according to predetermined options.
The document analyzes whether modern sukuk structures are Shariah compliant. It finds that most sukuk resemble conventional bonds in key ways: distributions are based on interest rates rather than profits; managers promise to loan holders if profits fall below a rate; and managers guarantee to repurchase assets at face value, ensuring return of principal. While incentives can comply with Shariah if based on actual profits, modern sukuk incentives are tied to interest rates. The document concludes most sukuk fail to represent true asset ownership and risk sharing as required by Shariah.
The document discusses the Shariah Compliance Framework established by the State Bank of Pakistan for Islamic banking. It provides an overview of key aspects of the framework, including the roles and responsibilities of Shariah boards, qualifications for their members, and guidelines for Shariah inspection and auditing of Islamic banks. Various Islamic financing modes are also defined, such as Murabaha, Ijara, Istisna, Salam, Mudaraba, and Musharaka. Additional information is provided on Takaful insurance and Islamic agricultural finance guidelines.
Topic vi. islamic insurance takaful (7 files merged)SaudBilal1
ย
This document provides an overview of Islamic insurance (takaful) and its basic concepts. It discusses the key features of takaful including cooperative risk sharing, clear financial segregation, and Shariah-compliant policies and strategies. The major differences between takaful and conventional insurance are explained relating to the parties to the contract, payment of premiums, and investment of insurance funds. Various takaful models are outlined including mudarabah, wakalah, hybrid, and waqf models. Finally, the document describes the main takaful products of general and family takaful and discusses underwriting surplus, technical provisions, and how to address deficits in participants' risk funds.
Source of finance = financial institutionFarah Qonita
ย
The document discusses various sources of finance available from financial institutions for corporate entities. It covers equity-based financing options like trustee partnerships and debt-based options commonly used by conventional and Islamic banks. Some popular Islamic debt-based products discussed include bai muajjal murabahah, ijara, salam, istishna, istijrar, qard and tawarruq. Each financial instrument is explained along with its mechanics and differences from conventional alternatives.
The document provides an overview of Islamic banking in Pakistan, including the history, current strategies and progress, and key financing modes such as Ijara. It discusses past efforts to establish Islamic banking since the 1970s and reasons for their failure. The current strategy involves a gradual multi-pronged approach to transform the economy and establish full-fledged Islamic banks and subsidiaries. Key points covered include the role of the State Bank of Pakistan, industry growth targets, and clarification of common misconceptions about Islamic banking practices.
The document discusses diminishing musharaka as used by Bank Al-Habib for car financing. Some key points:
1. Diminishing musharaka allows for joint ownership between the bank and customer to purchase an asset, with the customer gradually buying out the bank's shares over time until becoming sole owner.
2. For car financing, the bank and customer enter a musharaka agreement to jointly purchase the car, with the bank owning a certain percentage. The bank then rents its share to the customer until it is paid off.
3. The application process involves submitting documents, income verification, property valuation, and signing legal agreements before disbursement and transfer of ownership.
1) The document outlines key differences between Islamic and conventional money markets, including that Islamic structures must be approved by Shariah authorities and are based on assets, equity and debt using contracts like murabahah and mudarabah, while conventional are based on loan contracts.
2) It then describes various components of the Islamic money market, including mudarabah and wakalah interbank investments, commodity murabahah programs, and various Islamic financial instruments like Sukuks, treasury bills and accepted bills.
3) These Islamic financial instruments are structured to be in compliance with Shariah principles like prohibition of interest, using contracts like murabahah, musharakah, and mud
IDFC Sensex ETF_Scheme information documentRahulpathak154
ย
The document summarizes the key details of the IDFC Sensex ETF scheme. Some of the highlights include:
- It is an open ended scheme that tracks the S&P BSE Sensex index.
- The minimum investment amount is 1 unit and in multiples thereof when purchasing on the stock exchange. Authorized participants and large investors can directly purchase/redeem units from the fund in creation unit sizes.
- Units can be continuously subscribed and redeemed on the stock exchange or directly with the fund by authorized participants/large investors in creation unit sizes.
- The scheme aims to provide returns that closely correspond to the returns of the underlying index before expenses.
- The ongoing
IDFC Sensex ETF_Scheme information documentIDFCJUBI
ย
The document summarizes the key details of the IDFC Sensex ETF scheme. Some of the highlights include:
- It is an open ended scheme that tracks the S&P BSE Sensex index.
- The minimum investment amount is 1 unit and in multiples thereof when purchasing on the stock exchange. Authorized participants and large investors can directly purchase/redeem units from the fund in creation unit sizes.
- Units can be continuously subscribed and redeemed on the stock exchange or directly with the fund by authorized participants/large investors in creation unit sizes.
- The scheme aims to provide returns that closely correspond to the returns of the underlying index before expenses.
- The ongoing
IDFC Nifty ETF_Scheme information documentRahulpathak154
ย
This document summarizes the IDFC Nifty ETF scheme. The scheme aims to track the Nifty 50 index by investing in the underlying index stocks. It is an open-ended exchange traded fund. The minimum subscription amount is 1 unit purchased on the exchange or 50,000 units directly from the fund. The scheme benchmarks its performance against the Nifty 50 TRI. The fund manager managing the scheme since inception is Mr. Yogik Pitti. Key risks include market risks and no assurance of achieving scheme objectives.
IDFC Nifty ETF_Scheme information documentIDFCJUBI
ย
1. The document provides information about the IDFC Nifty ETF scheme, which is an open-ended scheme that tracks the Nifty 50 index.
2. The investment objective is to provide returns that closely correspond to the total returns of the underlying index before expenses. The minimum investment amount is Rs. 1 for purchases on the exchange, while directly with the fund requires a minimum of 50,000 units.
3. The units can be continuously purchased and sold on the exchange at traded prices or directly with the fund in creation unit sizes for authorized participants and large investors. Pricing for ongoing subscriptions directly with the fund requires payment of applicable charges and deposit of securities matching the index basket.
This document discusses Islamic bonds (sukuk). It begins by defining sukuk and explaining their historical origins. Sukuk are asset-backed financial certificates that represent ownership in the underlying assets. The document then discusses how sukuk are structured, focusing on the most common types - mudarabah, musharakah and ijarah sukuk. It explains the standards from AAOIFI and the process for structuring each type of sukuk. The document concludes by discussing ratings of Islamic bonds, differentiating between sovereign and corporate ratings and the methodology used.
THE DIGNITY OF MAN, An Islamic Perspective.pdfccccccccdddddd
ย
This document provides background information on the author Dr. Mohammad Hashim Kamali and his book "The Dignity of Man: An Islamic Perspective". It discusses the origins and development of the concept of human rights after World War II, including the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. It notes that while the Declaration was an important milestone, there was debate around its philosophical underpinnings and cultural influences being predominantly Western. Some Asian and Muslim-majority countries raised objections or concerns that cultural and religious contexts were not fully considered. The document provides this context and history to frame Kamali's examination of human dignity and rights from an Islamic perspective.
MAQASID AL SHARIAH, IJTIHAD AND CIVILISATIONAL RENEWAL.pdfccccccccdddddd
ย
This document discusses the concept of maqasid (objectives/purposes) of Shariah law and how they relate to ijtihad (independent legal reasoning) and civilizational renewal. Some key points:
1) Maqasid reflect the goals and purposes of Shariah, either generally or for specific topics, and were historically marginalized in Islamic legal theory which focused more on specific legal texts and rules.
2) Recent scholarship is exploring how maqasid can provide a framework for ijtihad and help address modern issues through a focus on universal human values like life, intellect, religion, property and family.
3) The author argues for developing a maqas
This document discusses key aspects of securitization under the SARFAESI Act in India. It defines important terms related to securitization such as originator, obligor, asset reconstruction, and qualified institutional buyer. It describes the steps involved in a securitization transaction, from loan origination to the issuance of asset-backed securities. The advantages of securitization to investors, sellers/originators, and financial markets are provided. Finally, some legal and regulatory issues pertaining to securitization in India are outlined.
This document discusses key aspects of securitization under the SARFAESI Act in India. It defines important terms related to securitization such as originator, obligor, asset reconstruction, and qualified institutional buyer. It describes the steps involved in a securitization transaction, from loan origination to the issuance of asset-backed securities. The advantages of securitization to investors, sellers/originators, and financial markets are provided. Finally, some legal and regulatory issues pertaining to securitization in India are outlined.
1) Islamic banks obtain funds from deposits and use those funds to finance various approved investment activities like trade financing. More than 75% of funds come from deposits.
2) Financing must follow Shariah principles like prohibiting interest and uncertainty and balancing individual and societal needs.
3) The bank uses modes like murabahah, ijarah, mudharabah and musharakah with different structures for purchasing, leasing or jointly investing in assets and sharing profits and losses according to capital contributions.
This document provides an overview of sukuk (Islamic bonds) including:
1) Sukuk are better described as Islamic investment certificates that are backed by real assets and comply with Sharia law, rather than substitutes for conventional interest-based bonds.
2) Early sukuk were structured using contracts like salam (deferred delivery of assets for upfront payment) and ijarah (leasing), and more recently using istisna'a (manufacturing) and potentially mudaraba/musharaka (profit/loss sharing).
3) Sukuk offer investors exposure to a new asset class and opportunities for issuers to raise funds in accordance with Sharia restrictions on
This document discusses issues with modern sukuk structures and their similarity to conventional bonds. It analyzes Justice Taqi Usmani's paper on whether sukuk are truly Shariah compliant. While sukuk are intended to represent asset ownership, many modern structures guarantee returns like bonds and replicate interest. This raises questions about whether sukuk violate Shariah prohibitions on interest and debt trading. The document also examines arguments for and against stipulating manager incentives in Islamic contracts.
Types of Sukuk (Islamic Bond)
Sukuk are among the most recent products that are created using structural application in the Islamic financial markets. In order to design flexible securities that could respond to different financing needs of economic agencies in the capital market on one hand and to comply with Islamic principles and standards on the other hand, Muslim scholars started thinking about designing Islamic financial instruments. To this aim, expansive studies were conducted into Shariah-compliant contracts and their ability to be used as instruments so that to design financial instruments that would be able to replace bonds and preferred stocks, which are mainly based on Riba and loans with interests. Eventually, Sukuk was designed as an alternative investment instrument for securities with fixed returns such as bonds that are Hiram in the holy Shariah of Islam. After the successful implantation of the Riba-free banking, Muslim scholars managed to design different financial instruments based on Sharia rules and the actual needs of the Islamic countries. These instruments could be divided into three categories:
A mutual fund pools money from many investors and invests it in stocks, bonds, and other securities. It allows small investors to invest in a diversified portfolio managed by professionals. A typical individual lacks the time, skills, and resources to manage investments alone. A mutual fund is organized with a sponsor, trustees to safeguard investors, and an asset management company that does the daily investing. The large pool of money allows low-cost management for investors.
Takaful is an Islamic alternative to conventional insurance based on mutual assistance and contribution to a common fund. There are various models of takaful including mudarabah, wakalah, and hybrid models. Main products include general takaful for assets and family takaful for life events. Any surplus from contributions after claims and expenses are distributed according to Shariah principles or used to cover deficits according to predetermined options.
The document analyzes whether modern sukuk structures are Shariah compliant. It finds that most sukuk resemble conventional bonds in key ways: distributions are based on interest rates rather than profits; managers promise to loan holders if profits fall below a rate; and managers guarantee to repurchase assets at face value, ensuring return of principal. While incentives can comply with Shariah if based on actual profits, modern sukuk incentives are tied to interest rates. The document concludes most sukuk fail to represent true asset ownership and risk sharing as required by Shariah.
The document discusses the Shariah Compliance Framework established by the State Bank of Pakistan for Islamic banking. It provides an overview of key aspects of the framework, including the roles and responsibilities of Shariah boards, qualifications for their members, and guidelines for Shariah inspection and auditing of Islamic banks. Various Islamic financing modes are also defined, such as Murabaha, Ijara, Istisna, Salam, Mudaraba, and Musharaka. Additional information is provided on Takaful insurance and Islamic agricultural finance guidelines.
Topic vi. islamic insurance takaful (7 files merged)SaudBilal1
ย
This document provides an overview of Islamic insurance (takaful) and its basic concepts. It discusses the key features of takaful including cooperative risk sharing, clear financial segregation, and Shariah-compliant policies and strategies. The major differences between takaful and conventional insurance are explained relating to the parties to the contract, payment of premiums, and investment of insurance funds. Various takaful models are outlined including mudarabah, wakalah, hybrid, and waqf models. Finally, the document describes the main takaful products of general and family takaful and discusses underwriting surplus, technical provisions, and how to address deficits in participants' risk funds.
Source of finance = financial institutionFarah Qonita
ย
The document discusses various sources of finance available from financial institutions for corporate entities. It covers equity-based financing options like trustee partnerships and debt-based options commonly used by conventional and Islamic banks. Some popular Islamic debt-based products discussed include bai muajjal murabahah, ijara, salam, istishna, istijrar, qard and tawarruq. Each financial instrument is explained along with its mechanics and differences from conventional alternatives.
The document provides an overview of Islamic banking in Pakistan, including the history, current strategies and progress, and key financing modes such as Ijara. It discusses past efforts to establish Islamic banking since the 1970s and reasons for their failure. The current strategy involves a gradual multi-pronged approach to transform the economy and establish full-fledged Islamic banks and subsidiaries. Key points covered include the role of the State Bank of Pakistan, industry growth targets, and clarification of common misconceptions about Islamic banking practices.
The document discusses diminishing musharaka as used by Bank Al-Habib for car financing. Some key points:
1. Diminishing musharaka allows for joint ownership between the bank and customer to purchase an asset, with the customer gradually buying out the bank's shares over time until becoming sole owner.
2. For car financing, the bank and customer enter a musharaka agreement to jointly purchase the car, with the bank owning a certain percentage. The bank then rents its share to the customer until it is paid off.
3. The application process involves submitting documents, income verification, property valuation, and signing legal agreements before disbursement and transfer of ownership.
1) The document outlines key differences between Islamic and conventional money markets, including that Islamic structures must be approved by Shariah authorities and are based on assets, equity and debt using contracts like murabahah and mudarabah, while conventional are based on loan contracts.
2) It then describes various components of the Islamic money market, including mudarabah and wakalah interbank investments, commodity murabahah programs, and various Islamic financial instruments like Sukuks, treasury bills and accepted bills.
3) These Islamic financial instruments are structured to be in compliance with Shariah principles like prohibition of interest, using contracts like murabahah, musharakah, and mud
IDFC Sensex ETF_Scheme information documentRahulpathak154
ย
The document summarizes the key details of the IDFC Sensex ETF scheme. Some of the highlights include:
- It is an open ended scheme that tracks the S&P BSE Sensex index.
- The minimum investment amount is 1 unit and in multiples thereof when purchasing on the stock exchange. Authorized participants and large investors can directly purchase/redeem units from the fund in creation unit sizes.
- Units can be continuously subscribed and redeemed on the stock exchange or directly with the fund by authorized participants/large investors in creation unit sizes.
- The scheme aims to provide returns that closely correspond to the returns of the underlying index before expenses.
- The ongoing
IDFC Sensex ETF_Scheme information documentIDFCJUBI
ย
The document summarizes the key details of the IDFC Sensex ETF scheme. Some of the highlights include:
- It is an open ended scheme that tracks the S&P BSE Sensex index.
- The minimum investment amount is 1 unit and in multiples thereof when purchasing on the stock exchange. Authorized participants and large investors can directly purchase/redeem units from the fund in creation unit sizes.
- Units can be continuously subscribed and redeemed on the stock exchange or directly with the fund by authorized participants/large investors in creation unit sizes.
- The scheme aims to provide returns that closely correspond to the returns of the underlying index before expenses.
- The ongoing
IDFC Nifty ETF_Scheme information documentRahulpathak154
ย
This document summarizes the IDFC Nifty ETF scheme. The scheme aims to track the Nifty 50 index by investing in the underlying index stocks. It is an open-ended exchange traded fund. The minimum subscription amount is 1 unit purchased on the exchange or 50,000 units directly from the fund. The scheme benchmarks its performance against the Nifty 50 TRI. The fund manager managing the scheme since inception is Mr. Yogik Pitti. Key risks include market risks and no assurance of achieving scheme objectives.
IDFC Nifty ETF_Scheme information documentIDFCJUBI
ย
1. The document provides information about the IDFC Nifty ETF scheme, which is an open-ended scheme that tracks the Nifty 50 index.
2. The investment objective is to provide returns that closely correspond to the total returns of the underlying index before expenses. The minimum investment amount is Rs. 1 for purchases on the exchange, while directly with the fund requires a minimum of 50,000 units.
3. The units can be continuously purchased and sold on the exchange at traded prices or directly with the fund in creation unit sizes for authorized participants and large investors. Pricing for ongoing subscriptions directly with the fund requires payment of applicable charges and deposit of securities matching the index basket.
This document discusses Islamic bonds (sukuk). It begins by defining sukuk and explaining their historical origins. Sukuk are asset-backed financial certificates that represent ownership in the underlying assets. The document then discusses how sukuk are structured, focusing on the most common types - mudarabah, musharakah and ijarah sukuk. It explains the standards from AAOIFI and the process for structuring each type of sukuk. The document concludes by discussing ratings of Islamic bonds, differentiating between sovereign and corporate ratings and the methodology used.
THE DIGNITY OF MAN, An Islamic Perspective.pdfccccccccdddddd
ย
This document provides background information on the author Dr. Mohammad Hashim Kamali and his book "The Dignity of Man: An Islamic Perspective". It discusses the origins and development of the concept of human rights after World War II, including the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. It notes that while the Declaration was an important milestone, there was debate around its philosophical underpinnings and cultural influences being predominantly Western. Some Asian and Muslim-majority countries raised objections or concerns that cultural and religious contexts were not fully considered. The document provides this context and history to frame Kamali's examination of human dignity and rights from an Islamic perspective.
MAQASID AL SHARIAH, IJTIHAD AND CIVILISATIONAL RENEWAL.pdfccccccccdddddd
ย
This document discusses the concept of maqasid (objectives/purposes) of Shariah law and how they relate to ijtihad (independent legal reasoning) and civilizational renewal. Some key points:
1) Maqasid reflect the goals and purposes of Shariah, either generally or for specific topics, and were historically marginalized in Islamic legal theory which focused more on specific legal texts and rules.
2) Recent scholarship is exploring how maqasid can provide a framework for ijtihad and help address modern issues through a focus on universal human values like life, intellect, religion, property and family.
3) The author argues for developing a maqas
ISLAMIC LAW IN MALAYSIA, ISSUES AND DEVELOPMENTS.pdfccccccccdddddd
ย
This chapter provides context about Islamic law in Malaysia. It notes that Malaysia has a multi-racial and multi-religious population, with Malays making up over half and being predominantly Muslim. Islam plays a central role in Malay identity and politics, though Malaysia remains officially secular. Communalism and ethnicity have continued to influence Malaysian politics due to colonial policies that promoted divisions. Reforms to family law have faced debates around increasing Islamization.
FREEDOM, EQUALITY AND JUSTICE IN ISLAM.pdfccccccccdddddd
ย
This document provides an introduction and overview of the first chapter on freedom from Mohammad Hashim Kamali's book "Freedom, Equality and Justice in Islam". It discusses that while freedom is a significant concept, there is little agreement on its precise meaning as it can have different interpretations depending on context. The chapter will analyze conceptualizations of freedom in Islamic theological, social and political contexts based on evidence from the Quran and hadith. It notes that while Muslim jurists have not analyzed the concept of freedom as extensively as Western scholars, contemporary Islamic scholars have contributed more to developing understandings of concepts like freedom and equality in relation to changing modern societies.
This document provides an introduction and overview of the book "Freedom of Expression in Islam" by Mohammad Hashim Kamali. It summarizes the book's main themes and structure. The book examines both affirmative evidence in Islamic sources supporting freedom of expression, as well as moral and legal restrictions on this freedom. It explores concepts related to expression such as sedition, heresy and disbelief. The introduction notes this is one of the first comprehensive studies on this topic in English or Arabic. It aims to locate evidence, develop new perspectives, and interpret sources in light of contemporary issues. The book is divided into preliminary matters, affirmative evidence, moral restraints, and legal restraints. It examines concepts like criticism, opinion, and association
AN INTELLECTUAL HISTORY OF ISLAM IN INDIA.pdfccccccccdddddd
ย
This document provides an overview of Sunni orthodoxy and theological studies in medieval India. It discusses the dominance of the Hanafi school of Islamic jurisprudence among Muslims in the Indian subcontinent since the 11th century. It notes some of the major Hanafi legal texts produced in India. It also briefly outlines the relatively minor role of theological studies in India compared to other parts of the Islamic world, noting a few early theologians from regions like Sind and Lahore. Overall the document surveys the establishment and continued influence of Sunni Hanafi orthodoxy in medieval India.
The document provides an overview of Islamic architecture and art history. It begins by introducing the major architectural elements of mosques, including minarets, domes, arches, facades, ceramic tiles, screens, and prayer spaces. It then highlights architectural styles that developed in different Islamic regions such as North Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, India, and Southeast Asia. The document concludes by showcasing artistic masterpieces from Islamic dynasties including calligraphy, ceramics, glasswork, and other art forms.
A Muslim's Reflections on Democratic Capitalism.pdfccccccccdddddd
ย
This document provides an overview of Islamic economic concepts as derived from the Quran and Hadith. It discusses how in Islam, humans have a responsibility for their own welfare and the environment, as well as before God. While humans have material needs, Islam teaches they are more than economic beings - they are spiritual beings called to worship God. The Quran reveals the earthly life is temporary and meant to prepare humans for the afterlife, when they will be judged. Islam thus calls for a balance between material and spiritual needs to fulfill their divine purpose.
This summary provides a high-level overview of the key events and developments in early Islamic history outlined in the document's chronology:
- The birth of the Prophet Muhammad in 570 CE and major events in his life including the Hijra in 622 which marked the beginning of the Islamic calendar.
- The rapid expansion of the Muslim empire through military conquests under the first three caliphs - Abu Bakr, Umar, and Uthman - reaching as far as Egypt and Persia by the mid-7th century.
- The rise of sectarian divisions and power struggles following the death of the Prophet, culminating in the assassination of Uthman in 656 and the Battle
1001 Inventions The Enduring Legacy of Muslim Civilization.pdfccccccccdddddd
ย
This document provides an introduction and summary of the book 1001 Inventions: The Enduring Legacy of Muslim Civilization. It discusses how the author, Salim Al-Hassani, became interested in the topic after realizing there was a 1000 year gap in scientific history that was not adequately explained. It led him to research the contributions of Muslim civilization during this period. This grew into the Foundation for Science, Technology and Civilization and the website MuslimHeritage.com. The initiative 1001 Inventions was then launched to help spread knowledge of the scientific achievements during this era to wider audiences. The introduction provides background on the motivation and story behind the creation of this book.
1001 Inventions Muslim Heritage in Our World.pdfccccccccdddddd
ย
This document provides an introduction and overview of the book "1001 Inventions: Muslim Heritage in Our World". It discusses how the book came to be written to help fill a 1000 year gap in history textbooks regarding scientific and technological developments during the Islamic Golden Age. The introduction describes the book's goal of highlighting important Muslim contributions in fields like mathematics, astronomy, agriculture, medicine, architecture, and more that helped lay the foundations for modern science and technology. It expresses hope that the book will help inspire people of all faiths and provide a better understanding between cultures.
Islam's penal law is based on the concept of accountability before God. It aims to deter crime through fair punishments prescribed by Islamic scripture. The objectives of punishment in Islam are:
1. To punish the guilty proportionately for their crimes.
2. To prevent criminals from reoffending.
3. To serve as a lesson for others to discourage criminal inclinations.
4. To administer punishments publicly for maximum deterrent effect.
This document provides an overview and summary of the contents of the Quran. It discusses the origins and compilation of the Quran. The key topics covered in the Quran are identified as the story of creation, stories of prophets, stories of good and wicked people, parables and maxims, articles of faith, basic duties, the Islamic code of conduct, laws relating to various aspects of life, and laws of war and peace. The document then provides a high-level summary of the creation of Adam and Eve as recounted in the Quran.
A Biography of The Prophet of Islam In the Light of the Original Sources An A...ccccccccdddddd
ย
This document provides a summary of the contents of Volume 1 of a biography of the Prophet Muhammad. It discusses sources used, including the Quran, hadith, biography works, and war chronicles. It notes that the volume will cover history of Makkah before Islam, the world situation, and the Prophet's life from birth to his hijrah to Madinah. It aims to present reliable narratives and derive lessons for applying the Sunnah today.
African Muslim Names Images and Identities.pdfccccccccdddddd
ย
This document provides an overview of the book "African Muslim Names: Images and Identities" by Sharifa M. Zawawi. The book examines Muslim names used in Africa, how they are adapted to African languages, and the synthesis between indigenous and Islamic influences. It discusses the meanings and social significance of African Muslim names. The document provides context on the importance of names in African culture and outlines the structure and sources used in the book. Key topics covered include the derivation of Muslim names, their roots in Arabic and Quranic sources, and examples from Hausa-Fulani and Swahili languages.
This document provides an overview of the Saudi financial system and its evolution. It discusses Saudi Arabia's geography, population, resources, and administrative structure. It then outlines Saudi Arabia's three Five-Year Development Plans which aimed to diversify its economy beyond oil and channel government revenues through public and private institutions. The plans helped develop the financial system but maintaining growth remains challenging due to constraints like lack of trained Saudi nationals and tensions between Western and Islamic financial models.
This document discusses the identity crisis facing modern Muslim societies as they have struggled with balancing national and religious identities. It uses the examples of Turkey, Egypt, and Pakistan to examine how Western concepts of secular nationalism have influenced Muslim intellectuals and political elites. While Muslim countries developed as nation-states, individuals have not completely given their loyalty to these states and still maintain aspects of their Islamic ummah identity. The tension between religious and secular ideas of identity is a key issue explored in this work through analyzing the development of Muslim thought on these concepts over the 20th century.
This document provides an introduction and overview of the analytical study of the Islamic economic system by Dr. Monzer Kahf. It discusses the methodology of Islamic economics, distinguishing it from Islamic business law. The study aims to build a general theory of the functioning Islamic economy by analyzing the interrelationships between its components and examining its internal consistency. It also notes the lack of studies on the history of Islamic economic thought and the need for research in this area. The introduction outlines the contents and scope of the six chapters to follow, which will cover topics like consumption theory, production theory, the market structure, and the macroeconomic model and policy implications of the Islamic economy.
This document provides an introduction and summary of the book "Studies in Islamic Civilization" by Ahmed Essa. It discusses the book's focus on the contributions of Islamic civilization that are often overlooked or minimized in world histories. The book surveys the accomplishments of the Muslim world from the first Muslim community through later expansion. It examines areas like trade, agriculture, and travel. A major focus is on the pursuit of learning in Islamic civilization and the advances this led to in fields like philosophy, science, and medicine. The book also discusses the flowering of creativity in Islamic literature and arts, as well as the civilization's impact on the Renaissance in Europe. The introduction emphasizes the need to understand Islamic history and achievements in order to address misunderstand
Muslim Baby Names Urdu Roman and English.pdfccccccccdddddd
ย
Muslim Baby Names is a book that provides over 2,000 Muslim names for boys and girls in both Romanized English and Urdu scripts, along with the meanings of each name in English. The names are compiled alphabetically for ease of reference. The book includes an introduction explaining the Romanization of Urdu letters and the importance of choosing good names in the Muslim tradition.
How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17Celine George
ย
In this presentation, we will explore how barcodes can be leveraged within Odoo 17 to streamline our manufacturing processes. We will cover the configuration steps, how to utilize barcodes in different manufacturing scenarios, and the overall benefits of implementing this technology.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
ย
(๐๐๐ ๐๐๐) (๐๐๐ฌ๐ฌ๐จ๐ง ๐)-๐๐ซ๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฌ
๐๐ข๐ฌ๐๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ซ๐ซ๐ข๐๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐ฆ ๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐ก๐ข๐ฅ๐ข๐ฉ๐ฉ๐ข๐ง๐๐ฌ:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
๐๐ฑ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ญ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ ๐๐ง๐ ๐๐๐จ๐ฉ๐ ๐จ๐ ๐๐ง ๐๐ง๐ญ๐ซ๐๐ฉ๐ซ๐๐ง๐๐ฎ๐ซ:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
ย
Ivรกn Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
ย
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
ย
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
ย
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
1. ARAB GAMBIAN ISLAMIC BANK
LIQUIDITY MANAGEMENT FUND
FOR ISLAMIC BANKS
1. The Problem
Banks deal with liquidities. This is the number one fact in the
banking industry and it applies equally to Islamic banks as well as to
conventional banks. Islamic banking often face the problem of excess
liquidity and they need to find secure and profitable financial
instruments in which to invest their excess liquidity. Arab Gambian
Islamic Bank is facing same problem. The difficulties of Islamic
banks is on account of the fact that while all transactions of the
conventional banks rely on the loan contract on both sides of liquidity
management, that is resource mobilization and fund utilization, the
Islamic banks brought a new innovation in the banking industry
whereby transactions must pass through owning real physical assets, if
such transactions are to generate any Shariโah acceptable income to
either depositors of funds or to the bank itself. In the absence of
investing these funds, the profitability of the bank is adversely
affected.
The purpose of this proposal is to seek to create financial instruments
that work as Shariโah compatible substitutes of treasury bonds or
interest bearing instruments used by conventional banks as deposits
with the Central Bank of The Gambia.
2. - 2 -
2. Instruments which the Bank may consider in participating
The money and capital market in the Gambia is underdeveloped.
There is no stock market and hence the opportunity for the bank to
own shares in companies, and receive profit is limited. A market for
trading in short term instruments apart from treasury bills does not
exist. These realities pose a serious limitation on the Arab Gambian
Islamic Bankโs ability to invest its excess liquidity. Under the
circumstance, we have sought a theoretical guideline to lead us to
possible solutions to this problem.
The Islamic Development Bank in their โResearch paper No. 18 have
suggested the following instruments for possible adoption:
(a) simple loan certificate
(b) index โ linked loan certificate
(c) Islamic short term commercial paper
(d) integrated investment, certificates/shares bond (1,2,3 โn)
(e) expected rate of dividend certificate
(f) rent-sharing certificate and expected rate of rent certificate
(g) firm commitment participation certificate
(h) Zakah certificate
(i) human capital certificate
3. - 3 โ
The Research paper prefaces the above items in the following words:
โThus the following list of a broad varieties of new financial
instruments gives a basic outline of each of the instruments.
This may very well provide the basis for further examinations
for the purpose of implementationโ.
Having carefully studied all available options, Arab Gambian Islamic Bank
proposes to introduce an Islamic Leasing Investment Fund. (ILIF) IJERAH.
3. Islamic Leasing Investment Fund: โIJERAHโ
An Islamic Leasing Investment Fund will be a pool of resources
contributed by investors for the purpose of its investment to earn
โhalalโ profit in strict conformity with the precepts of Islamic
Shariโah. The subscribers to the fund may receive a document
certifying their subscription and entitling them to the pro-rated profits
actually accrued to the fund. These documents can be called โ ILIF
Certificateโ. In order to ensure that these โILIF Certificatesโ are
Shariโah compliant, the following conditions must always apply.
Comment: I think the quotation of this
8 instrument is irrelevant> I am fully
aware of this publication and you may at
a glance notice that all of these 8 ideas
either do not suit Islamic banking (a, f, h
and I) or unfit from shariah point of view
(b, c, d, e and g) the rent sharing , not the
expected one, comes close to what suits
our purpose
4. - 4 -
a) First, instead of a fixed return tied up with their face
value, they must carry a pro-rated profit actually earned
by the Fund. Therefore, neither the principal nor a rate of
profit (tied up with the principal) can be guaranteed. The
subscribers must enter into the fund with a clear
understanding that the return on their subscription is tied
up with the actual profit earned or loss suffered by the
Fund. If the Fund earns huge profits, the return in their
subscription will increase to that proportion; however, in
case the Fund suffers loss, they will have to share it also,
unless the loss is caused by the negligence or
mismanagement, in which case the management, and not
the Fund, will be liable to compensate it.
b) Second, the amounts so pooled together must be invested
in a business acceptable to Shariโah. It means that not
only the channels of investment, but also the terms
agreed with them must conform to the Islamic principles.
Under this mode of Investment, Arab Gambian Islamic Bank would
purchase Islamic Leasing Investment Fund certificates (ILIFC) from the
Central Bank of The Gambia. The certificates will carry different maturity
dates.
5. - 5 -
In this fund the subscription amounts are used to purchase assets like real
estate, motor vehicles, or other equipment for the purpose of leasing them
out to their ultimate users. The ownership of these assets remains with the
Fund and the rentals are charged from the users. These rentals are the
sources of income for the fund which is distributed pro rated to the
subscribers. Each subscribers is given a certificate to evidence his
subscription and to ensure his entitlement to the pro rated share in the
income.
Since these โILIF Certificateโ represent the pro rated ownership of their
holders in the tangible assets of the fund, and not the liquid amounts or
debts, they are fully negotiable and can be sold and purchased in the
secondary market. Anyone who purchases these โILIF Certificateโ replaces
the sellers in the pro rated ownership of the relevant assets and all the right
and obligations of the original subscriber are passed on to him. The price of
these โILIF Certificateโ will be determined on the basis of market forces,
and are normally based on their profitability.
However, it should be kept in mind that the contracts of leasing must
conform to the principles of Shariโah which may differ from the terms and
conditions used in the agreements of the conventional financial leases. To
clarify, some basic principles are summarized here:
6. -
- 6 โ
1) The leased assets must have some usufruct, and the
rental must be charged only from that point of time when
the usufruct is handed over to the lessee. But once the
rental amount is determined for the whole usufruct
period, the actual payment may be distributed on any
number of installment that do not have to coincide with
the usufruct period. In other words, we can make the
rental payment over a longer of shorter period than the
usufruct period.
2) The leased assets must be of a nature that their halal
(permissible) use is possible.
3) The lessor must undertake all the responsibilities
consequent to the ownership of the assets. Here again if
the insurance premium and the maintenance cost can be
known at the time of the lease contract, they can be
charged to the lessee as a part of the rent.
4) The rental amount must be fixed and known to the parties
right at the beginning of the contract. It can only change
by mutual agreement, but the rental amount can be made
in such a way that it increases at a known percentage
7. from rental period to another, it can also be tied up to any
index provided that each periodโs rent becomes known
before the beginning of that period.In addition, there is a
pre-agreed commitment, a binding promise, from the
client to buy the equipment at the end of the rental period
at an agreed price with rental fees previously paid
constituting part of the price. Alternatively, if the
installments aremadeto cover the purchase price and the
profit of the lessor, the equipment can be given as a free
gift to the lessee, a gift promised in the rental agreement
but conditional on the complete payment of all
installments. (See the resolutions of the 12th
meeting of
the OIC Fiqh Academy, Sept. 23 โ 29, 2000)
(5) Once the rental covers the cost plus the profit of the item
concern, the ownership reverts to the user by vertue of the
sale or gift mentioned in (4).
- 7 -
The Central Bank of the Gambia may use these funds to finance purchase of
motor vehicles, air conditioner, equipment etc for government and
8. government agencies. Parastatal organisations such as Gambia
Telecommunications Company Ltd, Gambia Ports Authority, Civil Aviation
Authority may use these resources to finance short term need for supplies
(through Murabahah contracts) and equipment thereby enhance their short
term liquidity management. Potential beneficiaries of the fund would apply
to the Central Bank for their use to purchase specific items. Once the
Central Bank is satisfied that all conditions have been met it purchases the
item for reseeing or leasing it to the beneficiary.
Ncomments: 1 - do you think that the Central Bank of Gambia would accept
the idea of establishing such a fund? And would it be a good idea to propose
that AGIB may be willing to take the pain of follow up on the creation and
later take charge of the administration of this fund on behalf of the central
bank? 2 - until this fund is established, donโt you think that you may
need readily available depositories for present excess funds, ? How about
deposits with the IDB Unit Investment fund, or participating in the short
Term Murabahah program the IDB has with the Saudi bank in London, or
buying units in the Salam or Mutajarah ( actually Murabahah sales) funds of
the National Commercial Bank of Saudi Arabia or the ijarah fund of Faisal
Islamic Bank of Bahrain, especially after the new merger of the four Islamic
banks there into a big one. All these have fully convertible currencies linked
to the dollar in case of the UIF, the NCB and the FIB funds or to the
Eurodollar in case of short term IDB Murabahah contracts in London and
Paris. Do you think that until the proposed Ijarah fund is established, the
central bank of Gambia may buy the idea of overseas liquid deposits for the
special case of the AGIB.
3 โ Notice that the certificates you talked about are in fact Mudarabah
certificates in a fund (company) whose business is Ijarah. They are not
9. ijarah certificates, and this ijarah fund is permitted to do some Murabahah
for short run , so it can help providing supplies for the government and semi
governmental agencies.
4 โ Ijarah certificates can easily be issued by the central bank, or any
other government agency, say the airport authority. Let us evaluate the
airport and its permanent fixtures, say at 5 million Dollars, and let the airport
authority sell this property to the public for 5 million in the form of 50,000
certificates of one hundred dollar each, and rent back the same property for
half a million per year payable on for installments of $ 2.50 per certificate
per quarter. these certificates have fixed income and can be negotiated
because they represent physical property. The issue of insurance and
maintenance can be solved by deduction 20% of the rent for a special fund
to pay for these costs, and +- adjustment can be made each few years.
This gives us virtually fixed income Ijarah certificates that are easy to
manage, and agib, as well as conventional banks can buy these certificates
from the market when they have excess liquidity.
5 โ donโt you think that you can draw support from conventional banks
and from insurance companies for either the ijarah fund you suggest or the
ijarah certificates ideas? In this case you may add a few sentences that
emphasize the need for creating instruments that increase monetary liquidity
in the economy and the role these ideas play especially in a Muslim society,
like the Gambiaโs, as being compatible with shariโah.
10. 12th
October 2000
Dear Br. Khaf,
Assalamou Alaikum Warahmatullah Wabarakatuhu
RE: EXCESS LIQUIDITY MANAGEMENT
Thank you for your prayers. We all wish you great success in your
endeavours.
Based on your submission on the above, I have proceeded to write a
proposal which I intend to submit to the Central Bank of The Gambia for
their consideration. I would like you to comment on this proposal which I
attach to this e-mail. I have designed something which I belief is workable
given the local economic and institutional relationship.
As soon as I receive your contribution to this paper, I will make final
payments to you.
Islamic Development Bank is organising a course here on Islamic Auditing
Standards. Please propose to me a course subject which I can submit to the
Islamic Development Bank for possible sponsorship.
Highest Regards.
Mamour Malick Jagne
Managing Director