This PPT contains basics of Linux Administration

1. Linux Administration
• Complete Course Overview
• By [Your Name / Organization]

2. Introduction to UNIX/Linux
• History of UNIX
• What is Linux?
• Linux Distributions
• System Architecture

3. Linux Distributions
• Popular distros:
• - Ubuntu
• - Fedora
• - CentOS
• - Debian
• - Arch Linux

4. System Architecture
• Kernel space vs user space
• Interaction of kernel, shell, and applications

5. Device-Kernel Interaction
• Devices interact with kernel via drivers.
• User applications → Libraries → System Calls → Kernel

6. User and Group Management
• Users: adduser, userdel, passwd
• Groups: groupadd, usermod -aG

7. Permissions and Ownership
• Permissions:
• - r: read
• - w: write
• - x: execute
• Use chmod, chown, chgrp

8. File and Directory Management
• Commands:
• - ls, cd, pwd
• - mkdir, rmdir
• - cp, mv, rm
• - find, locate, grep

9. Process Management
• ps, top, htop
• kill, pkill, nice, renice
• jobs, bg, fg

10. Package Management
• Debian/Ubuntu: apt
• RedHat/CentOS: yum, dnf
• Arch Linux: pacman

11. Basic Networking
• Commands:
• - ip a, ifconfig
• - ping, traceroute
• - netstat, ss
• Editing /etc/network/interfaces

12. Advanced Networking
• NetworkManager (nmcli, nmtui)
• Firewall basics (ufw, firewalld)

13. LVM and RAID
• LVM:
• - pvcreate, vgcreate, lvcreate
• RAID:
• - RAID 0, 1, 5 (mdadm tool)

14. Filesystem Structure
• / (root), /home, /etc, /usr, /var, /bin, /sbin, /proc, /dev, /tmp

15. Filesystem Management
• mount, umount
• fstab configuration
• Checking disk usage: df, du

16. Backup and Restore
• rsync -av /source /destination
• tar -czvf backup.tar.gz /path
• cron jobs for backups

17. Monitoring and Logging
• top, htop for real-time usage
• free -h for memory
• journalctl, /var/log/ for logs

18. Shell Scripting Basics
• Scripts start with #!/bin/bash
• Example script:
• echo "Hello, Linux!"

19. Environment Variables
• export VAR=value
• Using variables in scripts

20. Cron Jobs and Scheduling
• Edit with crontab -e
• Example: 0 2 * * * /backup.sh

21. SELinux and AppArmor
• SELinux: CentOS/RHEL
• AppArmor: Ubuntu
• Security modules to control access

22. System Boot Process
• BIOS → GRUB → Kernel → init/systemd
• Understanding runlevels and targets

23. Troubleshooting
• Checking logs, disk space
• network config, systemctl status
• Reboot as needed

24. Best Practices
• ✅ Regular updates
• ✅ Secure passwords and SSH
• ✅ Minimal root usage
• ✅ Monitor system health

25. Resources and Community
• Linux Documentation Project
• Online forums, man pages
• Keep learning!

26. Course Summary & Q/A
• Practice is key!
• Experiment in VMs or test systems.
• Any questions?