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Contents
1. Cover
2. Title Page
3. Copyright Page
4. Dedication
5. About the Author
6. Contents at a Glance
7. Contents
8. Acknowledgments
9. Introduction
10. Part I Introduction and Installation
1. Chapter 1 Introduction to Linux, Distributions, and FOSS
1. Linux: The Operating System
2. Open Source Software and GNU: Overview
1. The GNU Public License
2. Upstream and Downstream
3. The Advantages of Open Source Software
4. Understanding the Differences Between Windows
and Linux
1. Single Users vs. Multiple Users vs.
Network Users
2. The Monolithic Kernel and the Micro-
Kernel
3. Separation of the GUI and the Kernel
4. My Network Places
5. The Registry vs. Text Files
6. Domains and Active Directory
5. Summary
2. Chapter 2 Installing a Linux Server
1. Hardware and Environmental Considerations
2. Server Design
1. Uptime
3. Methods of Installation
4. Installing Fedora
1. Project Prerequisites
5. The Installation
6. Installation Summary
1. Localization Section
2. Software Section
3. System Section
4. User Settings Section
5. The Installation
7. Installing Ubuntu Server
1. Start the Installation
2. Configure the Network
3. Configure Proxy
4. Configure Ubuntu Archive Mirror
5. File System Setup
6. Profile Setup
7. SSH Setup
8. Featured Server Snaps
9. Install Complete
8. Summary
3. Chapter 3 Deploying Linux Servers in the Cloud
1. Behind the Cloud
2. Obtaining and Spinning Up New Virtual Linux
Servers
1. Free-to-Run Virtual Linux Servers
2. Commercial Cloud Service Providers
3. Summary
11. Part II Single-Host Administration
1. Chapter 4 The Command Line
1. An Introduction to Bash
1. Job Control
2. Environment Variables
3. Pipes
4. Redirection
2. Command-Line Shortcuts
1. Filename Expansion
2. Environment Variables as Parameters
3. Multiple Commands
4. Backticks
3. Documentation Tools
1. The man Command
2. The texinfo System
4. Files (Types, Ownership, and Permissions)
1. Normal Files
2. Directories
3. Hard Links
4. Symbolic Links
5. Block Devices
6. Character Devices
7. Listing Files: ls
8. Change Ownership: chown
9. Change Group: chgrp
10. Change Mode: chmod
5. File Management and Manipulation
1. Copy Files: cp
2. Move Files: mv
3. Link Files: ln
4. Find a File: find
5. File Compression: gzip
6. File Compression: bzip2
7. File Compression: xz
8. Create a Directory: mkdir
9. Remove Files or Directories: rm
10. Show Present Working Directory: pwd
11. Tape Archive: tar
12. Concatenate Files: cat
13. Display a File One Screen at a Time: more
or less
14. Show the Directory Location of a File:
which
15. Locate a Command: whereis
6. Editors
1. vi
2. emacs
3. pico
4. sed
7. Miscellaneous Tools
1. Disk Utilization: du
2. Disk Free: df
3. List Processes: ps
4. Show an Interactive List of Processes: top
5. Send a Signal to a Process: kill
6. Show System Information: uname
7. Who Is Logged In: who
8. A Variation on who: w
9. Switch User: su
8. Putting It All Together (Moving a User and Its
Home Directory)
9. Summary
2. Chapter 5 Managing Software
1. The Red Hat Package Manager
2. Managing Software Using RPM
1. Querying for Information the RPM Way
(Getting to Know One Another)
2. Installing Software with RPM (Moving in
Together)
3. Uninstalling Software with RPM (Ending
the Relationship)
4. Other Things RPM Can Do
3. Yum
4. DNF
5. GUI RPM Package Managers
1. Fedora or Ubuntu
2. openSUSE and SLE
6. The Debian Package Management System
1. APT
7. Software Management in Ubuntu
1. Querying for Information
2. Installing Software in Ubuntu
3. Removing Software in Ubuntu
8. Compile and Install GNU Software
1. Getting and Unpacking the Source
Package
2. Looking for Documentation
3. Configuring the Package
4. Compiling the Package
5. Installing the Package
6. Testing the Software
7. Cleanup
9. Common Problems when Building from Source
Code
1. Problems with Libraries
2. Missing Configure Script
3. Broken Source Code
10. Summary
3. Chapter 6 Managing Users and Groups
1. What Exactly Constitutes a User?
2. Where User Information Is Kept
1. The /etc/passwd File
2. The /etc/shadow File
3. The /etc/group File
3. User Management Tools
1. Command-Line User Management
2. GUI User Managers
4. Users and Access Permissions
1. Understanding SetUID and SetGID
Programs
2. Sticky Bit
5. Pluggable Authentication Modules
1. How PAM Works
2. PAM’s Files and Their Locations
3. Configuring PAM
4. A Sample PAM Configuration File
5. The “Other” File
6. D’oh! I Can’t Log In!
7. Debugging PAM
6. A Grand Tour
1. Creating Users with useradd
2. Creating Groups with groupadd
3. Modifying User Attributes with usermod
4. Modifying Group Attributes with
groupmod
5. Deleting Users and Groups with userdel
and groupdel
7. Summary
4. Chapter 7 Booting and Shutting Down
1. Boot Loaders
1. GRUB Legacy
2. GRUB 2
3. Bootstrapping
2. The init Process
3. Systemd Scripts
1. Writing Your Own rc Script
4. Enabling and Disabling Services
1. Enabling a Service
2. Disabling a Service
5. Odds and Ends of Booting and Shutting Down
1. fsck!
2. Booting into Single-User (“Recovery”)
Mode
6. Summary
5. Chapter 8 File Systems
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1. The Makeup of File Systems
1. i-Nodes
2. Blocks
3. Superblocks
4. ext4
5. Btrfs
6. XFS
2. Managing File Systems
1. Mounting and Unmounting Local Disks
2. Using fsck
3. Adding a New Disk
1. Overview of Partitions
2. Traditional Disk and Partition Naming
Conventions
4. Volume Management
1. Creating Partitions and Logical Volumes
5. Creating File Systems
6. Summary
6. Chapter 9 Core System Services
1. systemd
1. systemd’s Role
2. How systemd Works
2. xinetd
1. The /etc/xinetd.conf File
2. Examples: A Simple (echo) Service Entry
3. The Logging Daemon
1. rsyslogd
2. systemd-journald (journald)
4. The cron Program
1. The crontab File
2. Editing the crontab File
5. Summary
7. Chapter 10 The Linux Kernel
1. What Exactly Is a Kernel?
2. Finding the Kernel Source Code
1. Getting the Correct Kernel Version
2. Unpacking the Kernel Source Code
3. Building the Kernel
1. Preparing to Configure the Kernel
2. Kernel Configuration
3. Compiling the Kernel
4. Installing the Kernel
5. Booting the Kernel
6. The Author Lied! It Didn’t Work!
4. Patching the Kernel
1. Downloading and Applying Patches
2. If the Patch Worked
3. If the Patch Didn’t Work
5. Summary
8. Chapter 11 Knobs and Dials: API (Virtual) File Systems
1. What’s Inside the /proc Directory?
1. Tweaking Files Inside of /proc
2. Some Useful /proc Entries
1. Enumerated /proc Entries
3. Common proc Settings and Reports
1. SYN Flood Protection
2. Issues on High-Volume Servers
4. SysFS
5. cgroupfs
6. tmpfs
1. tmpfs Example
7. Summary
12. Part III Networking and Security
1. Chapter 12 TCP/IP for System Administrators
1. The Layers
1. Packets
2. TCP/IP Model and the OSI Model
2. Headers
1. Ethernet
2. IP (IPv4)
3. TCP
4. UDP
3. A Complete TCP Connection
1. Opening a Connection
2. Transferring Data
3. Closing the Connection
4. How ARP Works
1. The ARP Header: ARP Works with Other
Protocols, Too!
5. Bringing IP Networks Together
1. Hosts and Networks
2. Subnetting
3. Netmasks
4. Static Routing
5. Dynamic Routing with RIP
6. tcpdump Bits and Bobs
1. Reading and Writing Dumpfiles
2. Capturing More or Less per Packet
3. Performance Impact
4. Don’t Capture Your Own Network Traffic
5. Troubleshooting Slow Name Resolution
(DNS) Issues
7. IPv6
1. IPv6 Address Format
2. IPv6 Address Types
3. IPv6 Backward Compatibility
8. Summary
2. Chapter 13 Network Configuration
1. Modules and Network Interfaces
1. Network Device Configuration Utilities
(ip, ifconfig, and nmcli)
2. Sample Usage: ifconfig, ip, and nmcli
3. Setting Up NICs at Boot Time
2. Managing Routes
1. Sample Usage: Route Configuration
2. Displaying Routes
3. A Simple Linux Router
1. Routing with Static Routes
4. VPCs, Subnets, IPs, and Route Configuration
(AWS Cloud Example)
1. VPCs and Subnets (AWS)
2. Internet Gateways and Routing (AWS)
3. Security Groups (AWS)
4. Launch a Linux Server in Its Own Subnet
(AWS)
5. Hostname Configuration
6. Summary
3. Chapter 14 Linux Firewall (Netfilter)
1. How Netfilter Works
1. A NAT Primer
2. Chains
2. Installing Netfilter
1. Enabling Netfilter in the Kernel
3. Configuring Netfilter
1. Saving Your Netfilter Configuration
2. The iptables Command
3. firewalld
4. Cookbook Solutions
1. Simple NAT: iptables
2. Simple NAT: nftables
3. Simple Firewall: iptables
5. Summary
4. Chapter 15 Local Security
1. Common Sources of Risk
1. SetUID Programs
2. Unnecessary Processes
2. Picking the Right Runlevel
3. Nonhuman User Accounts
4. Limited Resources
5. Mitigating Risk
1. chroot
2. SELinux
3. AppArmor
6. Monitoring Your System
1. Logging
2. Using ps and netstat
3. Watch That Space (Using df)
4. Automated Monitoring
5. Staying in the Loop (Mailing Lists)
7. Summary
5. Chapter 16 Network Security
1. TCP/IP and Network Security
1. The Importance of Port Numbers
2. Tracking Services
1. Using the netstat Command
2. Security Implications of netstat’s Output
3. Binding to an Interface
4. Shutting Down Services
1. Shutting Down xinetd and inetd Services
2. Shutting Down Non-xinetd Services
5. Monitoring Your System
1. Making the Best Use of syslog
2. Monitoring Bandwidth with MRTG
6. Handling Attacks
1. Trust Nothing (and No One)
2. Change Your Passwords
3. Pull the Plug
7. Network Security Tools
1. nmap
2. Snort
3. Nessus and OpenVAS
4. Wireshark/tcpdump
8. Summary
13. Part IV Internet Services
1. Chapter 17 Domain Name System (DNS)
1. The Hosts File
2. How DNS Works
1. Domain and Host Naming Conventions
2. The Root Domain
3. Subdomain
4. The in-addr.arpa Domain
5. Types of Servers
3. Installing a DNS Server
1. Understanding the BIND Configuration
File
2. The Specifics
4. Configuring a DNS Server
1. Defining a Primary Zone in the
named.conf File
2. Defining a Secondary Zone in the
named.conf File
3. Defining a Caching Zone in the
named.conf File
5. DNS Records Types
1. SOA: Start of Authority
2. NS: Name Server
3. A and AAAA: Address Records
4. PTR: Pointer Record
5. MX: Mail Exchanger
6. CNAME: Canonical Name
7. RP and TXT: The Documentation Entries
6. Setting Up BIND Database Files
1. DNS Server Setup Walkthrough
7. The DNS Toolbox
1. host
2. dig
3. resolvectl
4. nslookup
5. whois
6. nsupdate
7. The rndc Tool
8. Configuring DNS Clients
1. The Resolver
2. Configuring the Client (Traditional)
9. Summary
2. Chapter 18 File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
1. The Mechanics of FTP
1. Client/Server Interactions
2. Obtaining and Installing vsftpd
1. Configuring vsftpd
2. Starting and Testing the FTP Server
3. Customizing the FTP Server
1. Setting Up an Anonymous-Only FTP
Server
2. Setting Up an FTP Server with Virtual
Users
4. Summary
3. Chapter 19 Apache Web Server
1. Understanding HTTP
1. Headers
2. Ports
3. Process Ownership and Security
2. Installing the Apache HTTP Server
1. Apache Modules
3. Starting Up and Shutting Down Apache
1. Starting Apache at Boot Time
4. Testing Your Installation
5. Configuring Apache
1. Creating a Simple Root-Level Page
2. Apache Configuration Files
3. Common Configuration Options
6. Troubleshooting Apache
7. Summary
4. Chapter 20 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
1. Understanding SMTP
1. Rudimentary SMTP Details
2. Security Implications
3. E-mail Components
2. Installing the Postfix Server
1. Installing Postfix via DNF in Fedora,
CentOS, or RHEL
2. Installing Postfix via APT in Ubuntu
3. Configuring the Postfix Server
1. The main.cf File
2. Checking Your Configuration
4. Running the Server
1. Checking the Mail Queue
2. Flushing the Mail Queue
3. The newaliases Command
4. Making Sure Everything Works
5. Summary
5. Chapter 21 Post Office Protocol and Internet Mail Access
Protocol (POP and IMAP)
1. POP3 and IMAP Protocol Basics
2. Dovecot (IMAP and POP3 Server)
3. Installing Dovecot
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Linux Administration: A Beginner's Guide 8th Edition Wale Soyinka

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  • 8.
    Contents 1. Cover 2. TitlePage 3. Copyright Page 4. Dedication 5. About the Author 6. Contents at a Glance 7. Contents 8. Acknowledgments 9. Introduction 10. Part I Introduction and Installation 1. Chapter 1 Introduction to Linux, Distributions, and FOSS 1. Linux: The Operating System 2. Open Source Software and GNU: Overview 1. The GNU Public License 2. Upstream and Downstream 3. The Advantages of Open Source Software 4. Understanding the Differences Between Windows and Linux 1. Single Users vs. Multiple Users vs. Network Users 2. The Monolithic Kernel and the Micro- Kernel 3. Separation of the GUI and the Kernel 4. My Network Places 5. The Registry vs. Text Files 6. Domains and Active Directory 5. Summary
  • 9.
    2. Chapter 2Installing a Linux Server 1. Hardware and Environmental Considerations 2. Server Design 1. Uptime 3. Methods of Installation 4. Installing Fedora 1. Project Prerequisites 5. The Installation 6. Installation Summary 1. Localization Section 2. Software Section 3. System Section 4. User Settings Section 5. The Installation 7. Installing Ubuntu Server 1. Start the Installation 2. Configure the Network 3. Configure Proxy 4. Configure Ubuntu Archive Mirror 5. File System Setup 6. Profile Setup 7. SSH Setup 8. Featured Server Snaps 9. Install Complete 8. Summary 3. Chapter 3 Deploying Linux Servers in the Cloud 1. Behind the Cloud
  • 10.
    2. Obtaining andSpinning Up New Virtual Linux Servers 1. Free-to-Run Virtual Linux Servers 2. Commercial Cloud Service Providers 3. Summary 11. Part II Single-Host Administration 1. Chapter 4 The Command Line 1. An Introduction to Bash 1. Job Control 2. Environment Variables 3. Pipes 4. Redirection 2. Command-Line Shortcuts 1. Filename Expansion 2. Environment Variables as Parameters 3. Multiple Commands 4. Backticks 3. Documentation Tools 1. The man Command 2. The texinfo System 4. Files (Types, Ownership, and Permissions) 1. Normal Files 2. Directories 3. Hard Links 4. Symbolic Links 5. Block Devices 6. Character Devices 7. Listing Files: ls 8. Change Ownership: chown
  • 11.
    9. Change Group:chgrp 10. Change Mode: chmod 5. File Management and Manipulation 1. Copy Files: cp 2. Move Files: mv 3. Link Files: ln 4. Find a File: find 5. File Compression: gzip 6. File Compression: bzip2 7. File Compression: xz 8. Create a Directory: mkdir 9. Remove Files or Directories: rm 10. Show Present Working Directory: pwd 11. Tape Archive: tar 12. Concatenate Files: cat 13. Display a File One Screen at a Time: more or less 14. Show the Directory Location of a File: which 15. Locate a Command: whereis 6. Editors 1. vi 2. emacs 3. pico 4. sed 7. Miscellaneous Tools 1. Disk Utilization: du 2. Disk Free: df 3. List Processes: ps 4. Show an Interactive List of Processes: top 5. Send a Signal to a Process: kill 6. Show System Information: uname 7. Who Is Logged In: who 8. A Variation on who: w 9. Switch User: su
  • 12.
    8. Putting ItAll Together (Moving a User and Its Home Directory) 9. Summary 2. Chapter 5 Managing Software 1. The Red Hat Package Manager 2. Managing Software Using RPM 1. Querying for Information the RPM Way (Getting to Know One Another) 2. Installing Software with RPM (Moving in Together) 3. Uninstalling Software with RPM (Ending the Relationship) 4. Other Things RPM Can Do 3. Yum 4. DNF 5. GUI RPM Package Managers 1. Fedora or Ubuntu 2. openSUSE and SLE 6. The Debian Package Management System 1. APT 7. Software Management in Ubuntu 1. Querying for Information 2. Installing Software in Ubuntu 3. Removing Software in Ubuntu 8. Compile and Install GNU Software 1. Getting and Unpacking the Source Package 2. Looking for Documentation 3. Configuring the Package 4. Compiling the Package
  • 13.
    5. Installing thePackage 6. Testing the Software 7. Cleanup 9. Common Problems when Building from Source Code 1. Problems with Libraries 2. Missing Configure Script 3. Broken Source Code 10. Summary 3. Chapter 6 Managing Users and Groups 1. What Exactly Constitutes a User? 2. Where User Information Is Kept 1. The /etc/passwd File 2. The /etc/shadow File 3. The /etc/group File 3. User Management Tools 1. Command-Line User Management 2. GUI User Managers 4. Users and Access Permissions 1. Understanding SetUID and SetGID Programs 2. Sticky Bit 5. Pluggable Authentication Modules 1. How PAM Works 2. PAM’s Files and Their Locations 3. Configuring PAM 4. A Sample PAM Configuration File 5. The “Other” File 6. D’oh! I Can’t Log In! 7. Debugging PAM
  • 14.
    6. A GrandTour 1. Creating Users with useradd 2. Creating Groups with groupadd 3. Modifying User Attributes with usermod 4. Modifying Group Attributes with groupmod 5. Deleting Users and Groups with userdel and groupdel 7. Summary 4. Chapter 7 Booting and Shutting Down 1. Boot Loaders 1. GRUB Legacy 2. GRUB 2 3. Bootstrapping 2. The init Process 3. Systemd Scripts 1. Writing Your Own rc Script 4. Enabling and Disabling Services 1. Enabling a Service 2. Disabling a Service 5. Odds and Ends of Booting and Shutting Down 1. fsck! 2. Booting into Single-User (“Recovery”) Mode 6. Summary 5. Chapter 8 File Systems
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  • 16.
    1. The Makeupof File Systems 1. i-Nodes 2. Blocks 3. Superblocks 4. ext4 5. Btrfs 6. XFS 2. Managing File Systems 1. Mounting and Unmounting Local Disks 2. Using fsck 3. Adding a New Disk 1. Overview of Partitions 2. Traditional Disk and Partition Naming Conventions 4. Volume Management 1. Creating Partitions and Logical Volumes 5. Creating File Systems 6. Summary 6. Chapter 9 Core System Services 1. systemd 1. systemd’s Role 2. How systemd Works 2. xinetd 1. The /etc/xinetd.conf File 2. Examples: A Simple (echo) Service Entry 3. The Logging Daemon
  • 17.
    1. rsyslogd 2. systemd-journald(journald) 4. The cron Program 1. The crontab File 2. Editing the crontab File 5. Summary 7. Chapter 10 The Linux Kernel 1. What Exactly Is a Kernel? 2. Finding the Kernel Source Code 1. Getting the Correct Kernel Version 2. Unpacking the Kernel Source Code 3. Building the Kernel 1. Preparing to Configure the Kernel 2. Kernel Configuration 3. Compiling the Kernel 4. Installing the Kernel 5. Booting the Kernel 6. The Author Lied! It Didn’t Work! 4. Patching the Kernel 1. Downloading and Applying Patches 2. If the Patch Worked 3. If the Patch Didn’t Work 5. Summary 8. Chapter 11 Knobs and Dials: API (Virtual) File Systems 1. What’s Inside the /proc Directory? 1. Tweaking Files Inside of /proc
  • 18.
    2. Some Useful/proc Entries 1. Enumerated /proc Entries 3. Common proc Settings and Reports 1. SYN Flood Protection 2. Issues on High-Volume Servers 4. SysFS 5. cgroupfs 6. tmpfs 1. tmpfs Example 7. Summary 12. Part III Networking and Security 1. Chapter 12 TCP/IP for System Administrators 1. The Layers 1. Packets 2. TCP/IP Model and the OSI Model 2. Headers 1. Ethernet 2. IP (IPv4) 3. TCP 4. UDP 3. A Complete TCP Connection 1. Opening a Connection 2. Transferring Data 3. Closing the Connection 4. How ARP Works
  • 19.
    1. The ARPHeader: ARP Works with Other Protocols, Too! 5. Bringing IP Networks Together 1. Hosts and Networks 2. Subnetting 3. Netmasks 4. Static Routing 5. Dynamic Routing with RIP 6. tcpdump Bits and Bobs 1. Reading and Writing Dumpfiles 2. Capturing More or Less per Packet 3. Performance Impact 4. Don’t Capture Your Own Network Traffic 5. Troubleshooting Slow Name Resolution (DNS) Issues 7. IPv6 1. IPv6 Address Format 2. IPv6 Address Types 3. IPv6 Backward Compatibility 8. Summary 2. Chapter 13 Network Configuration 1. Modules and Network Interfaces 1. Network Device Configuration Utilities (ip, ifconfig, and nmcli) 2. Sample Usage: ifconfig, ip, and nmcli 3. Setting Up NICs at Boot Time 2. Managing Routes 1. Sample Usage: Route Configuration 2. Displaying Routes
  • 20.
    3. A SimpleLinux Router 1. Routing with Static Routes 4. VPCs, Subnets, IPs, and Route Configuration (AWS Cloud Example) 1. VPCs and Subnets (AWS) 2. Internet Gateways and Routing (AWS) 3. Security Groups (AWS) 4. Launch a Linux Server in Its Own Subnet (AWS) 5. Hostname Configuration 6. Summary 3. Chapter 14 Linux Firewall (Netfilter) 1. How Netfilter Works 1. A NAT Primer 2. Chains 2. Installing Netfilter 1. Enabling Netfilter in the Kernel 3. Configuring Netfilter 1. Saving Your Netfilter Configuration 2. The iptables Command 3. firewalld 4. Cookbook Solutions 1. Simple NAT: iptables 2. Simple NAT: nftables 3. Simple Firewall: iptables 5. Summary
  • 21.
    4. Chapter 15Local Security 1. Common Sources of Risk 1. SetUID Programs 2. Unnecessary Processes 2. Picking the Right Runlevel 3. Nonhuman User Accounts 4. Limited Resources 5. Mitigating Risk 1. chroot 2. SELinux 3. AppArmor 6. Monitoring Your System 1. Logging 2. Using ps and netstat 3. Watch That Space (Using df) 4. Automated Monitoring 5. Staying in the Loop (Mailing Lists) 7. Summary 5. Chapter 16 Network Security 1. TCP/IP and Network Security 1. The Importance of Port Numbers 2. Tracking Services 1. Using the netstat Command 2. Security Implications of netstat’s Output 3. Binding to an Interface 4. Shutting Down Services
  • 22.
    1. Shutting Downxinetd and inetd Services 2. Shutting Down Non-xinetd Services 5. Monitoring Your System 1. Making the Best Use of syslog 2. Monitoring Bandwidth with MRTG 6. Handling Attacks 1. Trust Nothing (and No One) 2. Change Your Passwords 3. Pull the Plug 7. Network Security Tools 1. nmap 2. Snort 3. Nessus and OpenVAS 4. Wireshark/tcpdump 8. Summary 13. Part IV Internet Services 1. Chapter 17 Domain Name System (DNS) 1. The Hosts File 2. How DNS Works 1. Domain and Host Naming Conventions 2. The Root Domain 3. Subdomain 4. The in-addr.arpa Domain 5. Types of Servers 3. Installing a DNS Server 1. Understanding the BIND Configuration File 2. The Specifics
  • 23.
    4. Configuring aDNS Server 1. Defining a Primary Zone in the named.conf File 2. Defining a Secondary Zone in the named.conf File 3. Defining a Caching Zone in the named.conf File 5. DNS Records Types 1. SOA: Start of Authority 2. NS: Name Server 3. A and AAAA: Address Records 4. PTR: Pointer Record 5. MX: Mail Exchanger 6. CNAME: Canonical Name 7. RP and TXT: The Documentation Entries 6. Setting Up BIND Database Files 1. DNS Server Setup Walkthrough 7. The DNS Toolbox 1. host 2. dig 3. resolvectl 4. nslookup 5. whois 6. nsupdate 7. The rndc Tool 8. Configuring DNS Clients 1. The Resolver 2. Configuring the Client (Traditional) 9. Summary
  • 24.
    2. Chapter 18File Transfer Protocol (FTP) 1. The Mechanics of FTP 1. Client/Server Interactions 2. Obtaining and Installing vsftpd 1. Configuring vsftpd 2. Starting and Testing the FTP Server 3. Customizing the FTP Server 1. Setting Up an Anonymous-Only FTP Server 2. Setting Up an FTP Server with Virtual Users 4. Summary 3. Chapter 19 Apache Web Server 1. Understanding HTTP 1. Headers 2. Ports 3. Process Ownership and Security 2. Installing the Apache HTTP Server 1. Apache Modules 3. Starting Up and Shutting Down Apache 1. Starting Apache at Boot Time 4. Testing Your Installation 5. Configuring Apache
  • 25.
    1. Creating aSimple Root-Level Page 2. Apache Configuration Files 3. Common Configuration Options 6. Troubleshooting Apache 7. Summary 4. Chapter 20 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) 1. Understanding SMTP 1. Rudimentary SMTP Details 2. Security Implications 3. E-mail Components 2. Installing the Postfix Server 1. Installing Postfix via DNF in Fedora, CentOS, or RHEL 2. Installing Postfix via APT in Ubuntu 3. Configuring the Postfix Server 1. The main.cf File 2. Checking Your Configuration 4. Running the Server 1. Checking the Mail Queue 2. Flushing the Mail Queue 3. The newaliases Command 4. Making Sure Everything Works 5. Summary 5. Chapter 21 Post Office Protocol and Internet Mail Access Protocol (POP and IMAP) 1. POP3 and IMAP Protocol Basics 2. Dovecot (IMAP and POP3 Server) 3. Installing Dovecot
  • 26.
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