SlideShare a Scribd company logo
RDF
•


•



    etc


•




•
B=

     150B



     113B



     75B



     38B



       B
       1982   1986   1990   1994   1998   2002   2006   2010
ID




Gene Ontology, EC   etc
RDF

•


•         UniProt


•         PDBJ DDBJ


•Bio2RDF BioGateway
    RDF
UniProt RDF

• UniProt




•




• UniProt     RDF
UniProt

  Name                          Description                     Source          File size    #triples
  uniprot    Protein annotation data                       UniProt consortium     14G         3.3 B
  uniref     Clusters of proteins with similar sequences   UniProt consortium     7G          900M
  uniparc    Non-redundant archive of UniProt sequences    UniProt consortium     65G          1B
 citations   Literature citations                          UniProt consortium   1355M       10,177,308
 taxonomy    Classification of organisms                    UniProt consortium    421M       5,041,437
 journals    Journals                                      UniProt consortium     3M         34,850
 pathways    Pathways                                      UniProt consortium   1000K         8,865
 keywords    Keywords                                      UniProt consortium    940K         8,449
 locations   Subcellular locations                         UniProt consortium    468K         4,476
  tissues    TIssues                                       UniProt consortium    572K         7439
components   Cellular components (Organelles)              UniProt consortium     6K           43
    go       Gene onotology                                       SBI            25M         263,944
 enzymes     Classification of enzymes                       GO consortium         4M          4,476
 core.owl    Classes and properties for UniProt RDF        UniProt consortium    152K
#triples
  Sesame       Java                       70 M
   4store       C                         15 B
   5store       C
  Virtuoso      C                        15.4 B
   Jena        Java                       1.7 B
  Bigdata      Java                      12.7 B
   ARC         PHP
AllegroGraph   Lisp                        1B
                      http://esw.w3.org/LargeTripleStores
Protein                                          UniProt
         Components                        encodedIn
                            core.owl

<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="encodedIn">
    <rdfs:label rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">encoded in</rdfs:label>
    <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="&xsd;string"
        >The subcellular location where a protein is encoded.</rdfs:comment>
    <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="Protein"/>
    <rdfs:range rdf:resource="Subcellular_Location"/>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
RDF                                                     purl
             http://purl.uniprot.org/{database}/{identifier}

                 UniProt

                     http://purl.uniprot.org/core/

                                Gene                           URI

                  http://purl.uniprot.org/core/Gene

      type
PDBJ, DDBJ                  RDF

• PDBJ
                 47     4.7B


• http://www.pdbj.org/rdf      ID


• DDBJ                                    INSD: International Nucleotide
 Sequence Database                  1.2                              76
      7.6B


• mulgara (http://mulgara.org/)
RDF



     KEGG Taxonomy          23,238
KEGG GENES Cyanobacteria    708,745
        KEGG OC            10,384,602
 hmmer Pfam-A vs Cyano     11,881,212
 hmmer Pfam-B vs Cyano     7,007,154
    Kazusa Annotatioin     2,807,879
1

•


• Synechococcus


• 1.0e-20


•                 Pfam
1     SPARQL
SPARQL 
PREFIX hmmer: <http://hmmer.janelia.org/>
PREFIX kegg: <http://www.kegg.jp/>
PREFIX kg:     <http://www.kegg.jp/entry/>
PREFIX pfam: <http://pfam.sanger.ac.uk/>
PREFIX kt:     <http://www.kegg.jp/taxon/>
SELECT ?pfam1, ?pfam2, COUNT(DISTINCT(?org))
WHERE {
  GRAPH <hmmer_pfam_a_cyano> {
    ?gene hmmer:hit        ?n1 .
    ?gene hmmer:hit        ?n2 .
    ?n1    pfam:pfam_id    ?pfam1 .
    ?n1    hmmer:i-evalue ?eval1 .
    ?n2    pfam:pfam_id    ?pfam2 .
    ?n2    hmmer:i-evalue ?eval2 .
  }
  GRAPH <http://www.kegg.jp/genes> {
    ?gene kegg:belongs_to ?org .
  }
  GRAPH <http://www.kegg.jp/taxonomy> {
    ?org kegg:belongs_to kt:Synechococcus .
  }
  FILTER (?eval1 < 1.0e-10 && ?eval2 < 1.0e-10 && ?pfam1 != ?pfam2)
};
10

  Domain I     Domain II             #genes            #species
RNA_pol_Rpb2 RNA_pol_Rpb2              9                  9
     _3
  G6PD_N          _1
               G6PD_C                  9                  9
5_3_exonuc_N     5_3_exonuc           9                   9
      HIT          DcpS_C             9                   9
Glyco_hydro_38 Glyco_hydro_38         9                   9
                     C
RNA_pol_Rpb2 RNA_pol_Rpb2             9                   9
      _6
   GARS_N            _3
                  GARS_C              9                   9
    DSHCT           DEAD              9                   9
   adh_short         KR               12                  9
    EFG_C          EFG_IV             10                  9
                    ....   171   9     Synechococcus
2

• KEGG                    OC


• Cyanobacteria


• Kazusa Annotation    PumMed


• KO   KEGG Othology
2     SPARQL
SPARQL
PREFIX kegg: <http://www.kegg.jp/>
PREFIX kg: <http://www.kegg.jp/entry/>
PREFIX kt: <http://www.kegg.jp/taxon/>
PREFIX kns: <http://a.kazusa.or.jp/ns/>
SELECT ?oc, ?gene, ?ko, COUNT(DISTINCT(?pm))
WHERE {
  GRAPH <http://www.kegg.jp/oc> {
    ?gene kegg:belongs_to ?oc .
  }
  GRAPH <http://www.kegg.jp/genes> {
    ?gene kegg:belongs_to ?taxon .
    ?gene kegg:linked_to ?cb_gene .
    OPTIONAL {
      ?gene kg:ortholog ?ko .
    }
  }
  GRAPH <http://www.kegg.jp/taxonomy> {
    ?taxon kegg:belongs_to kt:Cyanobacteria .
  }
  GRAPH <http://kazusa.or.jp/cyanobase> {
    ?cb_gene ?p1 ?bm .
    ?bm      ?p2 ?pm .
  }
};
PumMed ID                         10

      OC        #gene with PMID        #PMID
 Genes_537709          3                1296
 Genes_565278          3                761
 Genes_710476          2                527
 Genes_189668          1                497
 Genes_710587          1                479
 Genes_710480          1                416
 Genes_711471          1                407
 Genes_71824           1                393
 Genes_75617           5                381
 Genes_711511          1                376
Semantic Web

•       URI


•


•


• W3C
Semantic Web

• SPARQL
                          ->




•              ->


•


•                    ->

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Linked Data for integrating life-science databases

  • 1. RDF
  • 2. • • etc • •
  • 3. B= 150B 113B 75B 38B B 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 8.
  • 9. RDF • • UniProt • PDBJ DDBJ •Bio2RDF BioGateway RDF
  • 11. UniProt Name Description Source File size #triples uniprot Protein annotation data UniProt consortium 14G 3.3 B uniref Clusters of proteins with similar sequences UniProt consortium 7G 900M uniparc Non-redundant archive of UniProt sequences UniProt consortium 65G 1B citations Literature citations UniProt consortium 1355M 10,177,308 taxonomy Classification of organisms UniProt consortium 421M 5,041,437 journals Journals UniProt consortium 3M 34,850 pathways Pathways UniProt consortium 1000K 8,865 keywords Keywords UniProt consortium 940K 8,449 locations Subcellular locations UniProt consortium 468K 4,476 tissues TIssues UniProt consortium 572K 7439 components Cellular components (Organelles) UniProt consortium 6K 43 go Gene onotology SBI 25M 263,944 enzymes Classification of enzymes GO consortium 4M 4,476 core.owl Classes and properties for UniProt RDF UniProt consortium 152K
  • 12. #triples Sesame Java 70 M 4store C 15 B 5store C Virtuoso C 15.4 B Jena Java 1.7 B Bigdata Java 12.7 B ARC PHP AllegroGraph Lisp 1B http://esw.w3.org/LargeTripleStores
  • 13. Protein UniProt Components encodedIn core.owl <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="encodedIn"> <rdfs:label rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">encoded in</rdfs:label> <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="&xsd;string" >The subcellular location where a protein is encoded.</rdfs:comment> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="Protein"/> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="Subcellular_Location"/> </owl:ObjectProperty>
  • 14. RDF purl http://purl.uniprot.org/{database}/{identifier} UniProt http://purl.uniprot.org/core/ Gene URI http://purl.uniprot.org/core/Gene type
  • 15. PDBJ, DDBJ RDF • PDBJ 47 4.7B • http://www.pdbj.org/rdf ID • DDBJ INSD: International Nucleotide Sequence Database 1.2 76 7.6B • mulgara (http://mulgara.org/)
  • 16. RDF KEGG Taxonomy 23,238 KEGG GENES Cyanobacteria 708,745 KEGG OC 10,384,602 hmmer Pfam-A vs Cyano 11,881,212 hmmer Pfam-B vs Cyano 7,007,154 Kazusa Annotatioin 2,807,879
  • 18. 1 SPARQL SPARQL  PREFIX hmmer: <http://hmmer.janelia.org/> PREFIX kegg: <http://www.kegg.jp/> PREFIX kg: <http://www.kegg.jp/entry/> PREFIX pfam: <http://pfam.sanger.ac.uk/> PREFIX kt: <http://www.kegg.jp/taxon/> SELECT ?pfam1, ?pfam2, COUNT(DISTINCT(?org)) WHERE {   GRAPH <hmmer_pfam_a_cyano> {     ?gene hmmer:hit ?n1 .     ?gene hmmer:hit ?n2 .     ?n1 pfam:pfam_id ?pfam1 .     ?n1 hmmer:i-evalue ?eval1 .     ?n2 pfam:pfam_id ?pfam2 .     ?n2 hmmer:i-evalue ?eval2 .   }   GRAPH <http://www.kegg.jp/genes> {     ?gene kegg:belongs_to ?org .   }   GRAPH <http://www.kegg.jp/taxonomy> {     ?org kegg:belongs_to kt:Synechococcus .   }   FILTER (?eval1 < 1.0e-10 && ?eval2 < 1.0e-10 && ?pfam1 != ?pfam2) };
  • 19. 10 Domain I Domain II #genes #species RNA_pol_Rpb2 RNA_pol_Rpb2 9 9 _3 G6PD_N _1 G6PD_C 9 9 5_3_exonuc_N 5_3_exonuc 9 9 HIT DcpS_C 9 9 Glyco_hydro_38 Glyco_hydro_38 9 9 C RNA_pol_Rpb2 RNA_pol_Rpb2 9 9 _6 GARS_N _3 GARS_C 9 9 DSHCT DEAD 9 9 adh_short KR 12 9 EFG_C EFG_IV 10 9 .... 171 9 Synechococcus
  • 20. 2 • KEGG OC • Cyanobacteria • Kazusa Annotation PumMed • KO KEGG Othology
  • 21. 2 SPARQL SPARQL PREFIX kegg: <http://www.kegg.jp/> PREFIX kg: <http://www.kegg.jp/entry/> PREFIX kt: <http://www.kegg.jp/taxon/> PREFIX kns: <http://a.kazusa.or.jp/ns/> SELECT ?oc, ?gene, ?ko, COUNT(DISTINCT(?pm)) WHERE {   GRAPH <http://www.kegg.jp/oc> {     ?gene kegg:belongs_to ?oc .   }   GRAPH <http://www.kegg.jp/genes> {     ?gene kegg:belongs_to ?taxon .     ?gene kegg:linked_to ?cb_gene .     OPTIONAL {       ?gene kg:ortholog ?ko .     }   }   GRAPH <http://www.kegg.jp/taxonomy> {     ?taxon kegg:belongs_to kt:Cyanobacteria .   }   GRAPH <http://kazusa.or.jp/cyanobase> {     ?cb_gene ?p1 ?bm .     ?bm ?p2 ?pm .   } };
  • 22. PumMed ID 10 OC #gene with PMID #PMID Genes_537709 3 1296 Genes_565278 3 761 Genes_710476 2 527 Genes_189668 1 497 Genes_710587 1 479 Genes_710480 1 416 Genes_711471 1 407 Genes_71824 1 393 Genes_75617 5 381 Genes_711511 1 376
  • 23. Semantic Web • URI • • • W3C
  • 24. Semantic Web • SPARQL -> • -> • • ->