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Linear Equations in  Two Variables Digital Lesson
Linear Equations Equations of the form  ax  +  by  =  c   are called  linear equations in two variables . The point (0,4) is the  y -intercept . The point (6,0) is the  x -intercept . x y 2 -2 This is the graph of the equation 2 x  + 3 y  = 12. (0,4) (6,0)
Slope of a Line The  slope  of a line is a number,  m , which measures its steepness. m  = 0 m  = 2 m  is undefined y x 2 -2 m  = 1 2 m  = - 1 4
Slope Formula The  slope  of the line passing through the two points ( x 1 ,  y 1 ) and ( x 2 ,  y 2 ) is given by the formula  The slope is the  change in y  divided by the  change in x  as we move along the line from ( x 1 ,  y 1 ) to ( x 2 ,  y 2 ). x y x 2   –   x 1 y 2   –   y 1 change in  y change in  x y 2  –  y 1 x 2  –  x 1 m = ,  ( x 1  ≠  x 2   ).  ( x 1 ,  y 1 ) ( x 2 ,  y 2 )
Example: Find Slope Example : Find the slope of the line passing through the points (2 ,   3) and (4,   5).  Use the slope formula with  x 1 = 2 ,  y 1  = 3 ,  x 2  = 4 , and  y 2  = 5 . 2 2 (2, 3) (4, 5) y 2  –  y 1 x 2  –  x 1 m = 5  –  3   4  –  2 =  =  2 2 =  1 x y
Slope-Intercept Form A linear equation written in the form  y  =  mx  +  b   is in  slope-intercept form . To graph an equation in  slope-intercept form : 1. Write the equation in the form  y  =  mx  +  b.  Identify  m  and  b . The  slope  is  m  and the  y-intercept  is (0,  b ). 2. Plot the  y -intercept (0,   b ). 3. Starting at the  y -intercept, find another point on the line    using the slope. 4. Draw the line through (0,  b ) and the point located using the  slope.
Example:  y = mx + b   1 Example : Graph the line  y  = 2 x   –  4. 2. Plot the  y -intercept, (0,   -   4). ,[object Object],3. The slope is 2. The point (1,   -2) is also on the line. 4. Start at the point (0,   4).    Count 1 unit to the right and 2 units up    to locate a second point on the line. 2 5. Draw the line through (0,   4) and (1,   -2).  1 =  change in  y change in  x m = 2 x y (0,   -   4) (1, -2)
Point-Slope Form A linear equation written in the form  y   –   y 1  =  m ( x  –  x 1 ) is in  point-slope form .  The graph of this equation is a line with slope  m  passing through the point ( x 1 ,  y 1 ) . Example :   The graph of the equation  y  – 3 =  -   ( x  – 4) is a line of slope  m  =  -  passing through the point (4,   3). 1 2 1 2 (4, 3) m  = - 1 2 x y 4 4 8 8
Example: Point-Slope Form   Example : Write the slope-intercept form for the equation of the line through the point (-2,   5) with a slope of 3.  Use the point-slope form,  y  –  y 1  =  m ( x  –  x 1 ) , with  m  = 3 and  ( x 1 ,  y 1 )   = (-2,   5). y  –  y 1  =  m ( x  –  x 1 ) Point-slope form y  –  y 1  =  3 ( x  –  x 1 ) Let  m  = 3. y  –  5  =  3 ( x  – ( -2 )) Let ( x 1 ,  y 1 )   = (-2,   5) . y  – 5 = 3( x  + 2) Simplify. y  = 3 x  + 11 Slope-intercept form
Example: Slope-Intercept Form Example : Write the slope-intercept form for the equation of the line through the points (4,   3) and (-2,   5).   y  –  y 1  =  m ( x  –  x 1 ) Point-slope form Slope-intercept form y  = -  x  + 13 3 1 3 2 1 5  –  3   -2  –  4 =  -  6 =  -  3 Calculate the slope. m = Use  m  = -   and the point (4,   3). y  –  3  =  -  ( x  –  4 ) 1 3
Example: Parallel Lines Two lines are  parallel  if they have the same slope. If the lines have slopes  m 1  and  m 2 , then the lines are parallel whenever  m 1  =  m 2 . Example :  The lines  y  = 2 x  – 3  and  y  = 2 x  + 4 have slopes  m 1  = 2 and  m 2  = 2. The lines are parallel. x y y  = 2 x  + 4 (0, 4) y  = 2 x   –  3 (0, -3)
Example: Perpendicular Lines Two lines are  perpendicular  if their slopes are negative reciprocals of each other. If two lines have slopes  m 1  and  m 2 , then the lines are perpendicular whenever The lines are perpendicular. or   m 1 m 2  = -1. y  = 3 x   –  1 (0, 4) (0, -1) 1 m 1 m 2 = - x y y  = -  x  + 4 1 3 Example :  The lines  y  = 3 x  – 1 and  y  = -  x  + 4 have slopes  m 1  = 3 and  m 2  = -  . 1 3 1 3

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Linear equations rev

  • 1. Linear Equations in Two Variables Digital Lesson
  • 2. Linear Equations Equations of the form ax + by = c are called linear equations in two variables . The point (0,4) is the y -intercept . The point (6,0) is the x -intercept . x y 2 -2 This is the graph of the equation 2 x + 3 y = 12. (0,4) (6,0)
  • 3. Slope of a Line The slope of a line is a number, m , which measures its steepness. m = 0 m = 2 m is undefined y x 2 -2 m = 1 2 m = - 1 4
  • 4. Slope Formula The slope of the line passing through the two points ( x 1 , y 1 ) and ( x 2 , y 2 ) is given by the formula The slope is the change in y divided by the change in x as we move along the line from ( x 1 , y 1 ) to ( x 2 , y 2 ). x y x 2 – x 1 y 2 – y 1 change in y change in x y 2 – y 1 x 2 – x 1 m = , ( x 1 ≠ x 2 ). ( x 1 , y 1 ) ( x 2 , y 2 )
  • 5. Example: Find Slope Example : Find the slope of the line passing through the points (2 , 3) and (4, 5). Use the slope formula with x 1 = 2 , y 1 = 3 , x 2 = 4 , and y 2 = 5 . 2 2 (2, 3) (4, 5) y 2 – y 1 x 2 – x 1 m = 5 – 3 4 – 2 = = 2 2 = 1 x y
  • 6. Slope-Intercept Form A linear equation written in the form y = mx + b is in slope-intercept form . To graph an equation in slope-intercept form : 1. Write the equation in the form y = mx + b. Identify m and b . The slope is m and the y-intercept is (0, b ). 2. Plot the y -intercept (0, b ). 3. Starting at the y -intercept, find another point on the line using the slope. 4. Draw the line through (0, b ) and the point located using the slope.
  • 7.
  • 8. Point-Slope Form A linear equation written in the form y – y 1 = m ( x – x 1 ) is in point-slope form . The graph of this equation is a line with slope m passing through the point ( x 1 , y 1 ) . Example : The graph of the equation y – 3 = - ( x – 4) is a line of slope m = - passing through the point (4, 3). 1 2 1 2 (4, 3) m = - 1 2 x y 4 4 8 8
  • 9. Example: Point-Slope Form Example : Write the slope-intercept form for the equation of the line through the point (-2, 5) with a slope of 3. Use the point-slope form, y – y 1 = m ( x – x 1 ) , with m = 3 and ( x 1 , y 1 ) = (-2, 5). y – y 1 = m ( x – x 1 ) Point-slope form y – y 1 = 3 ( x – x 1 ) Let m = 3. y – 5 = 3 ( x – ( -2 )) Let ( x 1 , y 1 ) = (-2, 5) . y – 5 = 3( x + 2) Simplify. y = 3 x + 11 Slope-intercept form
  • 10. Example: Slope-Intercept Form Example : Write the slope-intercept form for the equation of the line through the points (4, 3) and (-2, 5). y – y 1 = m ( x – x 1 ) Point-slope form Slope-intercept form y = - x + 13 3 1 3 2 1 5 – 3 -2 – 4 = - 6 = - 3 Calculate the slope. m = Use m = - and the point (4, 3). y – 3 = - ( x – 4 ) 1 3
  • 11. Example: Parallel Lines Two lines are parallel if they have the same slope. If the lines have slopes m 1 and m 2 , then the lines are parallel whenever m 1 = m 2 . Example : The lines y = 2 x – 3 and y = 2 x + 4 have slopes m 1 = 2 and m 2 = 2. The lines are parallel. x y y = 2 x + 4 (0, 4) y = 2 x – 3 (0, -3)
  • 12. Example: Perpendicular Lines Two lines are perpendicular if their slopes are negative reciprocals of each other. If two lines have slopes m 1 and m 2 , then the lines are perpendicular whenever The lines are perpendicular. or m 1 m 2 = -1. y = 3 x – 1 (0, 4) (0, -1) 1 m 1 m 2 = - x y y = - x + 4 1 3 Example : The lines y = 3 x – 1 and y = - x + 4 have slopes m 1 = 3 and m 2 = - . 1 3 1 3