Light ref - gas station lighting and energy savings practical guide

Gas Stations
A practical overview of how Lighting and
Energy Savings can produce energy savings
of up to 46%

Target Audience:
Gas Station Owners, Facility
managers, Technical managers, Maintenance
managers and General Lighting enthusiasts

Light-Ref.com The unbiased lighting reference source

http://www.light-ref.com © 2012

Gas Stations illumination – Key Objective

Objective: to achieve over 40% savings in energy bill &
maintenance costs and an ROI of less than 24 months


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Gas Stations Illumination – Key Questions

1. What are the proper illumination levels required
to not lose business through poor lighting
levels ?

2. Given the above, how one can reduce the
related costs with regard to total cost of
ownership (TCO) of the lighting solution ?



Gas Station – Illumination
requirements



Gas Station Illumination – sectors
Typical Gas Station is utilizing 5-7 different lighting sectors with
variable light intensity, height and location

Under Canopy

Site Entry & Site Exit

Link to Shop

Facilities and Services

Around the forecourt



Gas Station Illumination – sector mapping
Typical Gas Station is utilizing 5-7 different lighting sectors with
variable light intensity, height and location

Site Exit
Facilities &
Services

Under
Canopy
Shop
Around the
forecourt
Link to
Shop Site Entry



Gas Station Illumination –
Under Canopy typical figures
Light under canopy:
Key consideration: Visibility - light color & light distribution, close to daylight

Under Canopy

Common illumination figures:

At ground level ~ 400 lux
Vertically at pump ~ 160 lux
CRI: at least 70 Ra
Light Color Temperature: 3500K-4000K



Site Entry & Site Exit typical figures

Site Entry & Site Exit

Site Entrance:
- Illumination at the entrance ~ 10 lux
- Illumination near canopy ~ 30-50 lux

Site Exit:
- Illumination near canopy ~ 30-50 lux
- Illumination at or near road ~ 10 lux



Link to Shop typical figures

Link to Shop

A sector where the canopy
links with the shop

Illumination should be
around ~ 150 lux (horizontal)



Facilities and Services typical figures

Facilities and Services

Service sector with Air
unit, information signs, or
area near main facility
building.

Illumination levels should be
around ~ 30-50 lux



sectors and typical figures

Around the forecourt

Sector that is outside the
canopy and other described
sectors

Illumination levels should be ~
30-50 lux

Color quality (CRI, K) should
be similar to under the canopy



Under the Canopy

A Gas Station Case Study
analyzing how to reduce TCO
whilst increasing illumination



Case Study Summary – 46 % Savings are possible

The challenge is to balance and consider the following

Savings Investment
sought alternatives

Time to
ROI

Energy and maintenance costs have to be adjusted by the reader



Gas Station illumination – disclaimer

This case study provides an illustration for comparative cost analysis
of various lighting technologies.

The outcome and conclusions are reliant on various parameters and
variables such as energy tariff regime and cost ($/KWH, peak/off-
peak), labor cost, system cost (CAPEX), system warranty and the
required illumination intensity (lux) at floor level.

Light-Ref strongly suggests the use of this case study as a test bed
for various solution comparisons, whilst considering system quality
and reliability (B50, L70) and overall solution cost effectiveness.

Light-Ref cannot assume any responsibility or to provide any opinion
for figures presented which should be regarded as illustration only



Working Assumptions – Energy costs
Energy Cost (1 KWH / annum) Value Description
A. Total operating days/annum 365 days, User defined
B. Operational hours / day 24 hours, User defined

C. Energy cost (Peak rate) $ 0.12 User defined ($,£,¥,€,¤)
D. Energy cost (Med rate) $ 0.095 User defined ($,£,¥,€,¤)
E. Energy cost (Off-Peak rate) $ 0.08 User defined ($,£,¥,€,¤)
F. Hours Peak / day 12 hours, User defined
G. Hours Med / day 4 hours, User defined
H. Hours Off Peak / day 8 Calculated as ( 24 – F – G )
I. Weekends (the entire day is at Off peak rate) 104 days, User defined
J. Business days (every day is 3 tier rate tariff) 261 Calculated as (A – I ); e.g. 365-104

1 KWH cost per annum = 841.74 ($,£,¥,€,¤) blended energy cost



Working Assumptions – Solution Technology
Costs Compared and Analyzed – Side by Side
Technology Effort level
Quartz Metal Halide (QMH) Do nothing
w’ Magnetic Ballast
Costs
Quartz Metal Halide (QMH) Low effort
analyzed
w’ Electronic Ballast
Ceramic Metal Halide (CMH) Medium effort for 5 year
w’ Magnetic Ballast period
Induction Medium-High
LED/SSL High
T5 Medium-Low effort



QMH w’ Magnetic Ballast – TCO analysis
Technology Value
Nominal Wattage 400 Watt
Costs
Effective Wattage 465 Watt
analyzed
QMH average service life 12 months
for 5 year
QMH Lamp cost $30
period
Parabolic lens replacement $45 (one time in 5
(shallow prismatic drop lens) year period)
Relamping labor cost $30 / lamp
Maintenance cycles (in 5 years) 5
Required investment cost $0

5 year costs (including energy, gear, lamp and maintenance costs )
is $2,362 for 1 lamp


QMH w’ Electronic Ballast – TCO analysis
Technology Value
Costs
analyzed
QMH average service life 18 months
for 5 year
QMH Lamp cost $40
period
Parabolic lens replacement (shallow $45 (one time in 5
prismatic drop lens) year period)
Maintenance cycles (in 5 years) 3.5
Required investment cost/lamp $135 (Ballast + labor)

5 year costs (incl. energy costs, gear, lamp and maintenance costs)
is $1,901 or 19.5% Savings , 18 months ROI for 1 lamp


CMH w’ Magnetic Ballast – TCO analysis
Technology Value
Costs
analyzed
CMH average service life 24 months
for 5 year
CMH Lamp cost $75
period
Parabolic lens replacement $45 (one time in 5 year
(shallow prismatic drop lens) period)
Required investment cost/lamp $210 ( New system + labor)



Induction – TCO analysis
Technology Value
Costs
analyzed
Induction average service life 5 years warranty (typical)
for 5 year
Induction lamp cost $0 (under warranty)
period
Parabolic lens replacement $0 (under warranty)

Relamping labor cost $0 (under warranty)
Maintenance cycles (in 5 years) 0 (under warranty)




LED/SSL – TCO analysis
Technology Value
Costs
analyzed
LED average service life 3 years warranty (typical)
for 5 year
LED lamp cost $0 (under warranty)
period
Parabolic lens replacement $0 (under warranty





T5 – TCO analysis
Technology Value
Costs
analyzed
T5 average service life 3 years warranty (typical)
for 5 year
T5 lamp cost (set) $30
Ballast replacement $120
period

Required investment cost/lamp $150-$220
(New system, labor, wiring)




ROI – TCO analysis over 5 years



Case Study outcome
Improved illumination and lower TCO

Objective: to achieve up to 40%lux - newin energy bill
465 savings value
170 lux - new value
& maintenance costs (380) lux – original value
(130) lux – original value



Case Study – The next step

Why not purchase the Excel file for complete user -modified and
accurate ROI Calculations for only $5
Not familiar with some of the terms? Why not purchase our
Glossary with terms explained plus photographs, charts and more.

Visit www.light-ref.com/guides to buy now



Gas Station
Outside the Canopy illumination
considerations



General energy saving suggestions for
outdoor lighting

All areas that are exposed to outdoor weather can be set at relatively
low energy lighting (in the range of less than 100 Watt).

Lower Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) can be achieving by using low
wattage system and low maintenance costs.

Low maintenance costs via long maintenance cycles.
To be achieved using a quality fixture with IP65/IP66
Using bulbs with long as possible service life



General light quality suggestions for outdoor
lighting
It is key to provide pleasant lighting for the ultimate shopping
experience at the Gas Station visit. This is achieved by using “white
light” energy efficient systems.

There are 5 alternatives for a Quality White Light solution:
• LED lighting
• Induction lighting
• Philips “Cosmopolis” lighting
• CFL lighting
• CMH lighting

All various technologies are described in detail in the Light-Ref
Glossary document available at www.light-ref.com/guides



Gas Station
Control and Dimming considerations
for energy savings during day time
illumination



Lighting Control for even greater energy
efficiency
Lighting control is a major domain that has inherent costs, technical
considerations and various technologies accompanied with systems
and management software.

Our objective is to illustrate quick wins and low cost alternatives for
lighting control options



Simple analog lighting control

In order to control light intensity it is imperative that lighting system
gear (ballast) should be dimmable. This is a prerequisite.

Dimming is possible either by analog control (1-10V) or Digital (DALI)
protocol.

For sake of simplicity we strongly advise the use only of analog based
(1-10V) light dimming and control.



Almost DIY - analog lighting control

In many Gas Stations, lighting beneath the canopy is responsible for
over 50% of the light related energy consumption.

In many cases where light is running during day hours at peak
tariff, on rainy days or in winter, we can dim the canopy light by 50%
using a simple and low cost method.



Lighting Control – 3 simple methods

Timers
Simple Timers can be set and control ballasts output can be
programmed to turn lights on and off for specific hours of the day.

Occupancy sensors
The two most common occupancy sensor technologies are Passive Infrared
(PIR) and Ultrasonic. Both of these technologies have appropriate applications
and are sometimes combined together.

Light sensors
Light sensors are designed to adjust electric light levels in response to external light
levels. Light sensors control a dimmable ballast communication output or a switching
relay to adjust the electric light levels.

It is not uncommon to find Light sensor and Occupancy sensor as a
single device unit



Lighting Control Timers – a Concept
How to dim a ballast by using an electrical timer

Using a timer, one can run a 2 wires cable and connect it in parallel between
all ballasts and to connect cables ends to an electrical timer with a dry
contact and then set the timer clock as desired. That's all.

Somewhat more sophisticated option involves adding a motion sensor so
when a car is approaching the dry contact of the timer will be opened and the
light level will go up. When no motion is detected the light will dim again
according to timer setting.

Option A:
Divide the gas station into 2 groups. One group is the surrounding court –
which will have higher level lighting, while other areas will have lower
illumination.
All wiring
Option B: has to
Divide the gas station into 2 halves or 4 quarters and using motion sensors
increase light intensity only where a car is present.
performed
by a
In summary dimming using a clock is rather simple and relatively cheap to certified
implement method. It requires a timer with a dry contact and some double
wire cable. electrician



Lighting Control Sensors

How to dim a ballast by using a sensor

It is advisable to use a good quality sensor that can be effective at a height
with good coverage of the area and field of view. Maximum and minimum
sensitivity has to be user adjustable. Field masking has to be adjustable as
well.

There are sensors for humans and for cars and directional sensors as well.

The dimming concept is similar to timer. Better quality sensors come with a
delay and sensitivity adjustment as well. Low quality sensors could suffer from
poor sensitivity at height. The sensor’s effective coverage should be verified.
All wiring
Wiring considerations should address a typical of minimum 2 mA for control
current. has to
performed
Quality sensors come with a price of anywhere in the range of ~$20 and
by a
higher.
certified
electrician



The End

Gas Station Lighting by Light-Ref.com


Light ref - gas station lighting and energy savings practical guide

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