This document discusses lighting considerations for parking structures. It evaluates lighting and economic factors in two sections. For lighting, it poses three questions: what is the task being lit, what are the required light levels, and what environmental factors affect the space? The task is ensuring safety and security through proper light levels as defined by industry standards. Light source selection must account for factors like temperature and vibration. Economically, the total cost of ownership over the system life includes energy efficiency through luminaire and control choices, as well as operational efficiency through maintenance costs.

1. Ideas on
Lighting for Parking Structures
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

2. Lighting for Parking Structures
Evaluate two distinct areas:
1. Lighting
2. Economic View
Simple proposition: Replacing light fixtures
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

3. Lighting
Three Basic Questions:
1. What is the task we are lighting?
2. What is the required light level?
3. What environmental factors affect the space?
[SOLUTION]
How we operate within these parameters
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

4. Lighting – Three Basic Questions:
1. What is the Task?
The Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) has stated that parking structures
often have a high incidence of:
PEDESTRIAN – VEHICLE CONFLICT
“Driver and pedestrians must contend with:
Structural Columns
Pipe Bollards
Guard Rails
Railings
Changes in surface elevation (steps and curbing)
Lane information
Pavement markings”
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

5. Lighting – Three Basic Questions:
1. What is the Task?
The Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) has stated that parking structures
often have a high incidence of:
PEDESTRIAN – VEHICLE CONFLICT
The Task is SAFETY and SECURITY
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

6. Lighting – Three Basic Questions:
2. What is the required light level?
The Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) has a published report,
RP-20-98, titled “Lighting for Parking Facilities”
IES RP-20-98 Provides foot candle requirements for:
Garage Floor Uniformity
Ramps and Entrances
Stairwells
Emergency Lighting
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

7. Lighting – Three Basic Questions:
3. What environmental factors affect the space?
• Temperature – Virginia average Temp 51-58F (11C)
• As Built – Existing engineered structure
– Limited ability to dramatically change lighting without
extensive capital expense
• Vibration – HID arc tubes
• Humidity / Water
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

8. Lighting – Three Basic Questions:
How do we operate within these parameters?
• Model existing space and calculate light levels
and light power density
• Light Source Selection – Lighting technology
suited to the environment of the space
HID (HPS and PSMH)
Fluorescent (T5 and T8)
LED
Induction (Fluorescent)
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

9. Lighting – Three Basic Questions:
Operating parameters – Light Source Selection
High Intensity Discharge HID (HPS and PSMH)
FEATURES: 10,000-24,000 Hour
HPS systems are very economical
‘Performance to beat’
No temperature sensitivity
DRAWBACKS: System wattage when looking at energy reduction
Lamp / Ballast system
Mercury containing lamp – EPA Title 40
HPS color temperature and CRI
Not Instant-On, Instant-Off
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

10. Lighting – Three Basic Questions:
Operating parameters – Light Source Selection
Fluorescent (T8 and T5)
FEATURES: 24,000 Hour
Fluorescent systems are very economical
‘New preferred garage fixture’
Color temperature and CRI
DRAWBACKS: Temperature sensitivity
Uniformity issues (systems lack optics)
Luminaire inefficiency
Mercury containing lamp – EPA Title 40
Limited dimming
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

11. Lighting – Three Basic Questions:
Operating parameters – Light Source Selection
Fluorescent (T8)
Data taken from GE T8 Polylux Technical Data Sheet
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

12. Lighting – Three Basic Questions:
Operating parameters – Light Source Selection
Fluorescent (T5)
Data taken from GE T5 Starcoat Technical Data Sheet
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

13. Lighting – Three Basic Questions:
Operating parameters – Light Source Selection
Fluorescent (T5)
Data taken from GE T5 Starcoat Technical Data Sheet
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

14. Lighting – Three Basic Questions:
Operating parameters – Light Source Selection
LED – Solid State Lighting
FEATURES: 50,000-70,000 Hour
Low Total-Cost-of-Ownership
Low System Wattage
Excellent Color Temperature and CRI
Instant-On, Instant Off
Dimmable
DRAWBACKS: Newer Technology
LM-79, LM-80, UL, IP Rating
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

15. Lighting – Three Basic Questions:
Operating parameters – Light Source Selection
Induction (Fluorescent)
FEATURES: 100,000 Hour
Low Total-Cost-of-Ownership
Good Color Temperature and CRI
Low System Wattage
DRAWBACKS: Temperature sensitivity
Lumen Depreciation
Philips QL Induction Information for Original Equipment Manufacturers, July 2007
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

16. Lighting – Three Basic Questions:
How do we operate within these parameters?
REVIEW
What is the Task? Safety and Security
Ensure Safety and Security? Proper Light Levels
Proper Light Levels? IES RP-20-98
Achieve Proper Light Levels? Model Existing Space
Modeling Accounts for? Environmental Factors
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

17. Lighting
Conclusion
QUESTIONS?
NEXT: Economic View
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

18. Lighting for Parking Structures
Evaluate two distinct areas:
1. Lighting
2. Economic View
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

19. Economics
What is the total cost of system ownership?
• Energy Efficiency: Luminaire
Controls
• Operational Efficiency: Maintenance costs
Some costs are internalized (energy reductions)
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

20. Economics
Energy Efficiency:
Luminaire: Wattage
Burn-Time
kWh Rate
Controls: Is the garage used 24/7?
Would occupancy sensors be
appropriate?
Would dimming be appropriate?
Perimeter fixtures photo-controlled?
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

21. Economics
Operational Efficiency:
Maintenance costs: Lamps per fixture
Ballast per fixture
Rated life lamp / ballast
Cost per lamp / ballast
Controls / Control cost
Maintenance Tech Labor Rate
Electrician Labor Rate
System Life
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

22. System Efficiency (ROI)
Efficiency factors are easily measured
Three Primary Components:
1. Luminaire Fixture Specific
2. Operating Conditions Operation of the light system
3. Project Specific Labor Rates, Utility Rates, Cost of
Capital, Contractor Rates (install)
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

23. System Efficiency (ROI)
Similarly to Modeling Existing Space
We collect specific client information to demonstrate “real
world” on-going expenses
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

24. System Efficiency (ROI)
Case Study-
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

25. System Efficiency (ROI)
Case Study-
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

26. System Efficiency (ROI)
Case Study-
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

27. Capabilities on
Lighting for Parking Structures
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

28. Lighting for Parking Structures
Capabilities
SUPPLY
Block Lighting, Inc. – Distributor 1992
DESIGN-BUILD
PULLER CORP – General Contractor 2010
PPEA 2002 Proposals
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

29. Lighting for Parking Structures
Capabilities
City of Virginia Beach, Virginia – June 2009
9th Street Municipal Parking Garage – 160 Units
Price per unit installed: $1184.00
Fixture Price: $1100.00
Supply Component 93%
Manufacturer – Agent – Distributor – Electrical
Contractor – General Contractor
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

30. Lighting for Parking Structures
Capabilities
What’s Next?
Identify: Low Performing Structure
Begin: Pilot Program
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010