Light rail transit 2 of the Philippines. A short presentation of one of the modes of transportation of the Philippines presented by a CE student for the subject Environmental Engineering year 2017. All opinions are made by the student.

1. LIGHT RAIL
TRANSIT 2
Sistema ng Magaang Riles Panlulan ng Maynila

2. • operated by the Light Rail
Transit Authority (LRTA), a
government-owned and
controlled corporation
attached to the Department
of Transportation (DOTr)
under an official
development
assistance scheme.
• Serving close to 200,000
passengers daily, LRT-2 is
the least busy among
Metro Manila's three rapid
transit lines
• known as LRT Line
2, LRT-2, or Megatren
Light Rail Transit 2

3. • The line serves 11 stations on 13.8
kilometers (8.6 mi) of line
• It operates almost every day of the year
unless otherwise announced. Special
schedules are announced via the PA
system at every station and also
in newspapers and other mass media.
During Holy Week, a public holiday in the
Philippines, the rail system is closed for
annual maintenance, owing to fewer
commuters and traffic around the metro.
Normal operation resumes on Monday.
Light Rail Transit 2

4. Light Rail Transit 2

5. Light Rail Transit 2

6. • Although there were also American, British
and other consultants, the Japanese presence
was very obvious: Japanese official
development assistance, Japanese banks, and
Japanese engineers all played a role in the
construction of LRT-2. Cars came from either
Japan or South Korea, and the more advanced
technology of LRT-2 as compared to LRT-1 and
MRT-3 are obvious to anyone riding the trains
Light Rail Transit 2

7. Budget?
• The total construction cost of existing LRT 2 from
Recto to Santolan was placed at over P33 billion.
It started in 1996-1997 with government funding
and official development assistance (ODA) loan
from the Japan Bank for International
Cooperation. 2 percent interest for three
packages, and payable for 30 years with a 10-year
grace period.
The commercial operation commenced between
Santolan and Cubao in April 2003 and was
extended to Legarda in April 2004. Recto, the last
station, opened in October 2004.
Light Rail Transit 2

9. Light Rail Transit 2
it is actually a heavy rail, rapid transit system owing to its
use of electric multiple units instead of the light rail
vehicles used in earlier lines and is the only line utilizing
such type of system in the country.
“The difference between light and heavy rail
is not weight but capacity: light rail is low-
capacity transit while heavy rail is high-
capacity transit.” – O’Toodle, Randal:The Worst
of Both The Rise of High-Cost, Low-Capacity
Rail Transit

10. Although the line aimed to
reduce traffic congestion
and travel times along
R-6 and portions of C-1,
the transportation
system has only been
partially successful due
to the rising number of
motor vehicles and rapid
urbanization. Expanding
the network's revenue
line to accommodate
more passengers is set
on tackling this problem
Light Rail Transit 2

11. Compare
Light Rail Transit 2

12. So… Why is LRT 2
unsuccessful?
Light Rail Transit 2

13. Well… did it help the traffic?
Light Rail Transit 2

14. HISTORY
• On July 12, 1980, the country's president, Ferdinand E.
Marcos, created the Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA) as a
government agency. The Chairman was the then First Lady
and Governor of Metro Manila, Imelda Romualdez Marcos.
This LRTA confined its activities to determining policies, to
the regulation and fixing of fares, and to the planning of
extensions to the system. The project was called Metrorail
and was operated by a sister company of the former
tramway company Meralco, called Metro, Inc.
• Marcos’ ouster in February 1986 and the assumption of the
presidency by Corazon Aquino temporarily halted any plans
and projects, but by 1988 plans were underway once more.
Light Rail Transit 2

15. • An initial feasibility study for LRT-2 (which would connect the Marikina
Valley with downtown Manila via Aurora and Magsaysay Boulevards and
C.M. Recto Avenue) was carried out in 1988. The Aquino administration
bundled LRT-1 extension with the new LRT-2 line and bid out the project as
a Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) scheme, under the newly signed BOT law.
But the bidding failed, and the project hibernated for two years.
Light Rail Transit 2

16. • "[b] Build-operate-and-transfer. - A contractual arrangement whereby the
project proponent undertakes the construction, including financing, of a given
infrastructure facility, and the operation and maintenance thereof. The project
proponent operates the facility over a fixed term during which it is allowed to
charge facility users appropriate tolls, fees, rentals, and charges not exceeding
these proposed in its bid or as negotiated and incorporated in the contract to
enable the project proponent to recover its investment, and operating and
maintenance expenses in the project. The project proponent transfers the facility
to the government agency or local government unit concerned at the end of the
fixed term which shall not exceed fifty [50] years: Provided, That in case of an
infrastructure or development facility whose operation requires a public utility
franchise, the proponent must be Filipino or, if a corporation, must be duly
registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission and owned up to at
least sixty percent [60%] by Filipinos.chanrobles virtual law library
• "The build-operate-and-transfer shall include a supply-and-operate situation
which is a contractual arrangement whereby the supplier of equipment and
machinery for a given infrastructure facility, if the interest of the Government so
requires, operates the facility providing in the process technology transfer and
training to Filipino nationals.chanrobles virtual law library
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7718
AN ACT AMENDING CERTAIN SECTIONS OF REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6957, ENTITLED
"AN ACT AUTHORIZING THE FINANCING, CONSTRUCTION, OPERATION AND
MAINTENANCE OF
INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS BY THE PRIVATE SECTOR, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSE

17. • Ramos was determined to see the LRT-2 to fruition and made it one
of his flagship projects. This time it was bid out as a stand-alone
project, separate from the LRT-1 expansion plan. Construction
began in 1996, but delays were experienced due to legal challenges
and reports of irregularities in the bidding. These were eventually
cleared and construction resumed in 2000.
• By this time there was a new president, Joseph Estrada.
Construction of LRT-2 faced unexpected difficulties, legal and
otherwise, causing delay. Compromises had to be made and
alterations to the original plan in terms of station locations, actual
route (due to land issues) and problems in planning and decision
making (Halcrow Group Limited 2004; Kawabata 2009). Before LRT-
2 could be completed, Estrada would be ousted from power and it
was thus his constitutional successor, Vice President Gloria
MacapagalArroyo, who was the president who inaugurated the first
phase of LRT-2 in April 2003
Light Rail Transit 2

18. • On April 5, 2003, the initial section,
from Santolan to Araneta Center-Cubao was
inaugurated by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo,
with all remaining stations opening on April 5, 2004
except for Recto which opened on October 29, 2004.
However, ridership was initially moderate yet still far
below expectations, since the passenger volume in this
line is not yet fully achieved.
• Sept. 9, 2011 – Fare collection system used by
passengers shifts from token-based to ticket-based.
Light Rail Transit 2
HISTORY

19. • September 2012 – NEDA approves the LRT Line 2 East extension
project from Marikina to Masinag, Antipolo worth P9.76 billion
• May 2015- west extension of LRT-2 to the Manila North Harbor in
Tondo, Manila was proposed and was approved by the National
Economic and Development Authority(NEDA) The construction of
this said extension would create three stations, one in Tutuban near
the Tutuban PNR station, one in Divisoria close to San Nicolas, and
its terminus would be near the North Port Passenger Terminal in
Manila North Harbor's Pier 4. It was promised to finish by 2022.
• October 2015- The use of “Beep Cards” was introduced.
• August 2016- Duterte Administration gave the budget of 860B
pesos for 2017
News for 2017-2018: opening of the East extension
--- Duterte management: to plan out LRT as private-partnership
program
Light Rail Transit 2
HISTORY

20. Def of terms
• Build-operate-and-transfer. - A contractual arrangement whereby the project proponent undertakes the
construction, including financing, of a given infrastructure facility, and the operation and maintenance thereof. The
project proponent operates the facility over a fixed term during which it is allowed to charge facility users
appropriate tolls, fees, rentals, and charges not exceeding these proposed in its bid or as negotiated and
incorporated in the contract to enable the project proponent to recover its investment, and operating and
maintenance expenses in the project. The project proponent transfers the facility to the government agency or local
government unit concerned at the end of the fixed term which shall not exceed fifty [50] years: Provided, That in
case of an infrastructure or development facility whose operation requires a public utility franchise, the proponent
must be Filipino or, if a corporation, must be duly registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission and
owned up to at least sixty percent [60%] by Filipinos.
• Build-operate-and-transfer. - A contractual arrangement whereby the project proponent undertakes the
construction, including financing, of a given infrastructure facility, and the operation and maintenance thereof. The
project proponent operates the facility over a fixed term during which it is allowed to charge facility users
appropriate tolls, fees, rentals, and charges not exceeding these proposed in its bid or as negotiated and
incorporated in the contract to enable the project proponent to recover its investment, and operating and
maintenance expenses in the project. The project proponent transfers the facility to the government agency or local
government unit concerned at the end of the fixed term which shall not exceed fifty [50] years: Provided, That in
case of an infrastructure or development facility whose operation requires a public utility franchise, the proponent
must be Filipino or, if a corporation, must be duly registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission and
owned up to at least sixty percent [60%] by Filipinos.chanrobles virtual law library
• Loan- a thing that is borrowed, especially a sum of money that is expected to be paid back with interest.
• Heavy rail- efers to rapid transit systems as well as heavier regionalrail/intercity rail.
• Light rail- a railroad constructed for light traffic. an urban rail transit system with a "light" passenger capacity
bid·ding- the offering of particular prices for something, especially at an auction.

21. Sources:
http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1843
930
http://www.enn.com/pollution/article/47585
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_impact_of_light_
rail_systems
http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2013/07/19/98762
1/timeline-lrt-mrt-construction
http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/Manila_Light_Rai
l_Transit_System_Line_2
https://object.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/pubs/pdf/p
a750_web.pdf
http://asianrailways.wikia.com/wiki/Manila_Light_Rail
_Transit_Authority_System