Airflow in planes

1. Lift and Drag Forces

2. What Are Lift and Drag?
Aerodynamic forces in air
Lift: pushes up
Drag: pulls back
Act on moving objects

3. Lift Force – Basic Concept
Acts
perpendicula
r to airflow
Supports
flight
Created by
pressure
difference
Depends on
wing shape

4. Drag Force – Basic Concept
Opposes
motion
Acts
parallel
to
airflow
Increase
s with
speed
Affected
by shape
and
surface

5. Lift Equation
 ρ = Air density
 v = Velocity
 S = Surface area
 CL = Lift coefficient

6. Drag Equation
 CD = Drag coefficient
 Same structure as lift
 Shape affects CD

7. Factors Affecting Lift
 Velocity (v)
 Wing shape (airfoil)
 Angle of attack
 Air density (ρ)

8. Factors Affecting Drag
 Object shape
 Surface roughness
 Speed of motion
 Air viscosity

9. Lift Example
Given:
- Air density (ρ) = 1.2 kg/m³
- Velocity (v) = 50 m/s
- Wing area (S) = 20 m²
- Lift coefficient (CL) = 0.5
Formula:
Solution:
L = 0.5 × 1.2 × (50)² × 20 × 0.5 = 0.5 × 1.2 × 2500 × 20 × 0.5
= 15,000 N

10. Drag Example
Given:
- Air density (ρ) = 1.2 kg/m³
- Velocity (v) = 50 m/s
- Surface area (S) = 20 m²
- Drag coefficient (CD) = 0.05
Formula:
Solution:
D = 0.5 × 1.2 × (50)² × 20 × 0.05 = 0.5 × 1.2 × 2500 × 20 × 0.05
= 1,500 N

11. Real-World Applications
 Planes: generate lift
 Cars: reduce drag
 Sports: improve speed
 Engineering designs use both

12. Q&A Time!
Feel free to ask any
questions related to the
topic (or not)!

13. Thank You For Your
Careful Attention!