Li-Fi (Light Fidelity) is a wireless optical networking technology that uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for data transmission. It can provide much higher speeds than Wi-Fi and has several advantages. Li-Fi works by varying the intensity of light from an LED to transmit digital data. It is possible to achieve speeds over 500 megabytes per second. Li-Fi has potential applications in areas where radio frequencies are regulated like hospitals and aircraft. It could also enable wireless internet access anywhere there is light.
Li-Fi is a new wireless technology which provides the connectivity within localized network environment. The main principle of this technology is we can transmit the data using light illumination by using light emitting diodes where radio frequency is media in Wi-Fi and LED bulb light intensity is faster than human eye can follow. One germen phycist-Prof Harald Haas an expert in optical wireless communications at the University of Edinburgh, he demonstrated how an LED bulb equipped with signal processing technology could stream a high-definition video to a computer. By using this technology a one-watt LED light bulb would be enough to provide net connectivity to four computers. He coined the term "light fidelity" or Li-Fi. He visualizes a future where data for laptops, Smartphone, and tablets is transmitted through the light in a room. This technology is still under research and further exploitation could lead to wide applications.
Smart phones, tablets, and the rise of the Internet of Things are driving an insatiable demand for wireless capacity. This demand requires networking and Internet infrastructures to evolve to meet the needs of current and future multimedia applications. Wireless HetNets will play an important role toward the goal of using a diverse spectrum to provide high quality-of-service, especially in indoor environments where most data are consumed. An additional tier in the wireless HetNets concept is envisioned using indoor gigabit small-cells to offer additional wireless capacity where it is needed the most. The use of light as a new mobile access medium is considered promising. In this article, we describe the general characteristics of WiFi and VLC (or LiFi) and demonstrate a practical framework for both technologies to coexist. We explore the existing research activity in this area and articulate current and future research challenges based on our experience in building a proof-of-concept prototype VLC HetNet.
This paper attempts to clarify the difference between visible light communication (VLC) and Light-Fidelity (LiFi). In particular, it will show how LiFi takes VLC further by using light emitting diodes (LEDs) to realise fully networked wireless systems. Synergies are harnessed as luminaries become LiFi attocells resulting in enhanced wireless capacity providing the necessary connectivity to realise the Internet-of-Things (IoT), and contributing to the key performance indicators for the 5th generation of cellular systems (5G) and beyond
Li-Fi is a new wireless technology which provides the connectivity within localized network environment. The main principle of this technology is we can transmit the data using light illumination by using light emitting diodes where radio frequency is media in Wi-Fi and LED bulb light intensity is faster than human eye can follow. One germen phycist-Prof Harald Haas an expert in optical wireless communications at the University of Edinburgh, he demonstrated how an LED bulb equipped with signal processing technology could stream a high-definition video to a computer. By using this technology a one-watt LED light bulb would be enough to provide net connectivity to four computers. He coined the term "light fidelity" or Li-Fi. He visualizes a future where data for laptops, Smartphone, and tablets is transmitted through the light in a room. This technology is still under research and further exploitation could lead to wide applications.
Smart phones, tablets, and the rise of the Internet of Things are driving an insatiable demand for wireless capacity. This demand requires networking and Internet infrastructures to evolve to meet the needs of current and future multimedia applications. Wireless HetNets will play an important role toward the goal of using a diverse spectrum to provide high quality-of-service, especially in indoor environments where most data are consumed. An additional tier in the wireless HetNets concept is envisioned using indoor gigabit small-cells to offer additional wireless capacity where it is needed the most. The use of light as a new mobile access medium is considered promising. In this article, we describe the general characteristics of WiFi and VLC (or LiFi) and demonstrate a practical framework for both technologies to coexist. We explore the existing research activity in this area and articulate current and future research challenges based on our experience in building a proof-of-concept prototype VLC HetNet.
This paper attempts to clarify the difference between visible light communication (VLC) and Light-Fidelity (LiFi). In particular, it will show how LiFi takes VLC further by using light emitting diodes (LEDs) to realise fully networked wireless systems. Synergies are harnessed as luminaries become LiFi attocells resulting in enhanced wireless capacity providing the necessary connectivity to realise the Internet-of-Things (IoT), and contributing to the key performance indicators for the 5th generation of cellular systems (5G) and beyond
Exploration and Supremacy of Li-Fi over Wi-FiEditor IJCATR
To accomplish the work, the need of internet either through wired or wireless network is increasing
nowadays. While using wireless network i.e. Wi-Fi, many issues are arising related to speed due to which the
speed of transmitting data goes relatively slow as many devices gets connected. To remedy this, Harald Hass
invented technology named Li-Fi which he terms as- Data through Illumination, where the data is transferred
through an LED bulb which is 1000 times faster than Wi-Fi. This technology has now become the part of VLC as
this technology is performed by using white LED light bulbs.
Li-Fi is transmission of data through illumination by taking thefiber out of fiber optics by sending data through a LED lightbulb that varies in intensity faster than the human eye canfollow.
“At the heart of this technology is a newgeneration of high brightness light-emitting diodes”, saysHarald Haas from the University of Edinburgh, UK.”Verysimply, if the LED is on, you transmit a digital 1,
if it’s offyou transmit a 0,”Haas says, “They can be switched on and offvery quickly, which gives nice opportunities for transmitteddata.”
It is possible to encode data in the light by varying therate at which the LEDs flicker on and off to give differentstrings of 1s and 0s.The LED intensity is modulated so rapidlythat human eye cannot notice, so the output appears constant.
More sophisticated techniques could dramatically increaseVLC data rate. Terms at the University of Oxford and theUniversity of Edinburgh are focusing on parallel datatransmission using array of LEDs, where each LED transmits a different data stream. Other groups are using mixtures of red,green and blue LEDs to alter the light frequency encoding adifferent data channel.
Li-Fi, as it has been dubbed, has alreadyachieved blisteringly high speed in the lab. Researchers at theHeinrich Hertz Institute in Berlin, Germany have reached datarates of over 500 megabytes per second using a standardwhite-light LED.
Li-Fi is typically implemented using white LED light bulbs at the downlink transmitter. These devices are normally used for illumination only by applying a constant current. However, by fast and subtle variations of the current, the optical output can be made to vary at extremely high speeds. This very property of optical current is used in Li-Fi setup.The operational procedure is very simple-,data from the internet and local network is used to modulate the intensity of the LED light source if any undetectable to the human eye. The photo detector picks up signal, which is converted back into a data stream and sent to the client.
The client can communicate through its own LED output or over the existing network. An overhead lamp fitted with an LED with signal-processing technology streams data embedded in its beam at ultra-high speeds to the photo-detector. A receiver dongle then converts the tiny changes in amplitude into an electrical signal, which is then converted back into a data stream and transmitted to a computer or mobile device.
Visible Light Communication for Visually Impaired People using Sustainable LEDsijtsrd
We developed navigation system prototype for the visually impaired using LED lights. Where LED lights emit visible light with location data and a smartphone or blind persons stick with a visible light receiver receives the data. The controller with receiver calculates the optimal path to a designation and speaks to the visually impaired through a headphone or turns stick left or right with the help of motor. The prototype is able to navigate the visually impaired users fairly well with speech guidance. We believe that the application of visible light communication belongs to location-based services and new graphical user interfaces that combine visual imagery with visible light communication. For this application, users are able to know the information associated with a transmitter. If a transmitter is attached to a building or a fixed place, location information will be obtained. Indoor navigation is convenient for everyone, and it is especially useful for visually impaired. If a transmitter is attached to a building or a fixed place, location information will be obtained and conveyed to receiver using LED light. Indoor navigation is convenient for everyone, and it is especially useful for visually impaired. Pradnya Kulkarni | Prof. M. B. Tadwalkar"Visible Light Communication for Visually Impaired People using Sustainable LEDs" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2236.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/2236/visible-light-communication-for-visually-impaired-people-using-sustainable-leds/pradnya-kulkarni
I want to inform all of you that this work was based on a PDF provided by the University of Camberra, to whom I thank for providing such important insights, even for external students. I only adapted it, and now I'm sharing it to help other students with their dissertation/essays or others
Exploration and Supremacy of Li-Fi over Wi-FiEditor IJCATR
To accomplish the work, the need of internet either through wired or wireless network is increasing
nowadays. While using wireless network i.e. Wi-Fi, many issues are arising related to speed due to which the
speed of transmitting data goes relatively slow as many devices gets connected. To remedy this, Harald Hass
invented technology named Li-Fi which he terms as- Data through Illumination, where the data is transferred
through an LED bulb which is 1000 times faster than Wi-Fi. This technology has now become the part of VLC as
this technology is performed by using white LED light bulbs.
Li-Fi is transmission of data through illumination by taking thefiber out of fiber optics by sending data through a LED lightbulb that varies in intensity faster than the human eye canfollow.
“At the heart of this technology is a newgeneration of high brightness light-emitting diodes”, saysHarald Haas from the University of Edinburgh, UK.”Verysimply, if the LED is on, you transmit a digital 1,
if it’s offyou transmit a 0,”Haas says, “They can be switched on and offvery quickly, which gives nice opportunities for transmitteddata.”
It is possible to encode data in the light by varying therate at which the LEDs flicker on and off to give differentstrings of 1s and 0s.The LED intensity is modulated so rapidlythat human eye cannot notice, so the output appears constant.
More sophisticated techniques could dramatically increaseVLC data rate. Terms at the University of Oxford and theUniversity of Edinburgh are focusing on parallel datatransmission using array of LEDs, where each LED transmits a different data stream. Other groups are using mixtures of red,green and blue LEDs to alter the light frequency encoding adifferent data channel.
Li-Fi, as it has been dubbed, has alreadyachieved blisteringly high speed in the lab. Researchers at theHeinrich Hertz Institute in Berlin, Germany have reached datarates of over 500 megabytes per second using a standardwhite-light LED.
Li-Fi is typically implemented using white LED light bulbs at the downlink transmitter. These devices are normally used for illumination only by applying a constant current. However, by fast and subtle variations of the current, the optical output can be made to vary at extremely high speeds. This very property of optical current is used in Li-Fi setup.The operational procedure is very simple-,data from the internet and local network is used to modulate the intensity of the LED light source if any undetectable to the human eye. The photo detector picks up signal, which is converted back into a data stream and sent to the client.
The client can communicate through its own LED output or over the existing network. An overhead lamp fitted with an LED with signal-processing technology streams data embedded in its beam at ultra-high speeds to the photo-detector. A receiver dongle then converts the tiny changes in amplitude into an electrical signal, which is then converted back into a data stream and transmitted to a computer or mobile device.
Visible Light Communication for Visually Impaired People using Sustainable LEDsijtsrd
We developed navigation system prototype for the visually impaired using LED lights. Where LED lights emit visible light with location data and a smartphone or blind persons stick with a visible light receiver receives the data. The controller with receiver calculates the optimal path to a designation and speaks to the visually impaired through a headphone or turns stick left or right with the help of motor. The prototype is able to navigate the visually impaired users fairly well with speech guidance. We believe that the application of visible light communication belongs to location-based services and new graphical user interfaces that combine visual imagery with visible light communication. For this application, users are able to know the information associated with a transmitter. If a transmitter is attached to a building or a fixed place, location information will be obtained. Indoor navigation is convenient for everyone, and it is especially useful for visually impaired. If a transmitter is attached to a building or a fixed place, location information will be obtained and conveyed to receiver using LED light. Indoor navigation is convenient for everyone, and it is especially useful for visually impaired. Pradnya Kulkarni | Prof. M. B. Tadwalkar"Visible Light Communication for Visually Impaired People using Sustainable LEDs" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2236.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/2236/visible-light-communication-for-visually-impaired-people-using-sustainable-leds/pradnya-kulkarni
I want to inform all of you that this work was based on a PDF provided by the University of Camberra, to whom I thank for providing such important insights, even for external students. I only adapted it, and now I'm sharing it to help other students with their dissertation/essays or others
Your guide to help you choose the right preposition.
This guide was made to help people who use english as a second language. It may become handy when making presentations or documents in english.
Here's the final presentation I've made for my thesis in the International Business Master.
The Comparative Advantages in the services sector of the developing economies.
Li-Fi can be thought of as a light-based Wi-Fi. That is, it uses light instead of radio waves to transmit information. And instead of Wi-Fi modems, Li-Fi would use transceiver-fitted LED lamps that can light a room as well as transmit and receive information. Since simple light bulbs are used, there can technically be any number of access points.
Whether you’re using wireless internet in a coffee shop, stealing it from the guy next door, or competing for
bandwidth at a conference, you’ve probably gotten frustrated at the slow speeds you face when more than one device is
tapped into the network. As more and more people and their many devices access wireless internet, clogged airwaves
are going to make it increasingly difficult to latch onto a reliable signal. But radio waves are just one part of the
spectrum that can carry our data. What if we could use other waves to surf the internet? One German physicist,DR.
Harald Haas, has come up with a solution he calls “Data Through Illumination”—taking the fiber out of fiber optics by
sending data through an LED light bulb that varies in intensity faster than the human eye can follow. It’s the same idea
behind infrared remote controls, but far more powerful. Haas says his invention, which he calls D-Light, can produce
data rates faster than 10 megabits per second, which is speedier than your average broadband connection. He envisions a
future where data for laptops, smartphones, and tablets is transmitted through the light in a room. And security would be
a snap—if you can’t see the light, you can’t access the data. Li-Fi is a VLC, visible light communication, technology
developed by a team of scientists
Lifi(Light fidelity)-Efficient use of visible spectruminventionjournals
ABSTRACT : LEDs are beginning to be used in every home and office which makes LED’s light ideal for ubiquitous data transmitter This means that everywhere where LEDs are used, lighting bulbs can bring not only the light but wireless connection at the same time. With increasing demand for wireless data, lack of radio spectrum and issues with hazardous electromagnetic pollution, LiFi is a new wireless communication technology which enables a wireless data transmission through LED light. LiFi appears as a new greener, healthier and cheaper alternative to WiFi. Li-Fi is the emerging area of technology is also known as Visible Light Commu-nications (VLC) .Moreover LiFi makes possible to have a wireless Internet in specific environments (hospitals, airplanes etc.) where WiFi is not allowed due to interferences or security considerations.
ER Publication,
IJETR, IJMCTR,
Journals,
International Journals,
High Impact Journals,
Monthly Journal,
Good quality Journals,
Research,
Research Papers,
Research Article,
Free Journals, Open access Journals,
erpublication.org,
Engineering Journal,
Science Journals,
Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit and TemplatesAurelien Domont, MBA
This Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit was created by ex-McKinsey, Deloitte and BCG Management Consultants, after more than 5,000 hours of work. It is considered the world's best & most comprehensive Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit. It includes all the Frameworks, Best Practices & Templates required to successfully undertake the Digital Transformation of your organization and define a robust IT Strategy.
Editable Toolkit to help you reuse our content: 700 Powerpoint slides | 35 Excel sheets | 84 minutes of Video training
This PowerPoint presentation is only a small preview of our Toolkits. For more details, visit www.domontconsulting.com
VAT Registration Outlined In UAE: Benefits and Requirementsuae taxgpt
Vat Registration is a legal obligation for businesses meeting the threshold requirement, helping companies avoid fines and ramifications. Contact now!
https://viralsocialtrends.com/vat-registration-outlined-in-uae/
Buy Verified PayPal Account | Buy Google 5 Star Reviewsusawebmarket
Buy Verified PayPal Account
Looking to buy verified PayPal accounts? Discover 7 expert tips for safely purchasing a verified PayPal account in 2024. Ensure security and reliability for your transactions.
PayPal Services Features-
🟢 Email Access
🟢 Bank Added
🟢 Card Verified
🟢 Full SSN Provided
🟢 Phone Number Access
🟢 Driving License Copy
🟢 Fasted Delivery
Client Satisfaction is Our First priority. Our services is very appropriate to buy. We assume that the first-rate way to purchase our offerings is to order on the website. If you have any worry in our cooperation usually You can order us on Skype or Telegram.
24/7 Hours Reply/Please Contact
usawebmarketEmail: support@usawebmarket.com
Skype: usawebmarket
Telegram: @usawebmarket
WhatsApp: +1(218) 203-5951
USA WEB MARKET is the Best Verified PayPal, Payoneer, Cash App, Skrill, Neteller, Stripe Account and SEO, SMM Service provider.100%Satisfection granted.100% replacement Granted.
Skye Residences | Extended Stay Residences Near Toronto Airportmarketingjdass
Experience unparalleled EXTENDED STAY and comfort at Skye Residences located just minutes from Toronto Airport. Discover sophisticated accommodations tailored for discerning travelers.
Website Link :
https://skyeresidences.com/
https://skyeresidences.com/about-us/
https://skyeresidences.com/gallery/
https://skyeresidences.com/rooms/
https://skyeresidences.com/near-by-attractions/
https://skyeresidences.com/commute/
https://skyeresidences.com/contact/
https://skyeresidences.com/queen-suite-with-sofa-bed/
https://skyeresidences.com/queen-suite-with-sofa-bed-and-balcony/
https://skyeresidences.com/queen-suite-with-sofa-bed-accessible/
https://skyeresidences.com/2-bedroom-deluxe-queen-suite-with-sofa-bed/
https://skyeresidences.com/2-bedroom-deluxe-king-queen-suite-with-sofa-bed/
https://skyeresidences.com/2-bedroom-deluxe-queen-suite-with-sofa-bed-accessible/
#Skye Residences Etobicoke, #Skye Residences Near Toronto Airport, #Skye Residences Toronto, #Skye Hotel Toronto, #Skye Hotel Near Toronto Airport, #Hotel Near Toronto Airport, #Near Toronto Airport Accommodation, #Suites Near Toronto Airport, #Etobicoke Suites Near Airport, #Hotel Near Toronto Pearson International Airport, #Toronto Airport Suite Rentals, #Pearson Airport Hotel Suites
Personal Brand Statement:
As an Army veteran dedicated to lifelong learning, I bring a disciplined, strategic mindset to my pursuits. I am constantly expanding my knowledge to innovate and lead effectively. My journey is driven by a commitment to excellence, and to make a meaningful impact in the world.
RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...BBPMedia1
Marvin neemt je in deze presentatie mee in de voordelen van non-endemic advertising op retail media netwerken. Hij brengt ook de uitdagingen in beeld die de markt op dit moment heeft op het gebied van retail media voor niet-leveranciers.
Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
Affordable Stationery Printing Services in Jaipur | Navpack n PrintNavpack & Print
Looking for professional printing services in Jaipur? Navpack n Print offers high-quality and affordable stationery printing for all your business needs. Stand out with custom stationery designs and fast turnaround times. Contact us today for a quote!
The world of search engine optimization (SEO) is buzzing with discussions after Google confirmed that around 2,500 leaked internal documents related to its Search feature are indeed authentic. The revelation has sparked significant concerns within the SEO community. The leaked documents were initially reported by SEO experts Rand Fishkin and Mike King, igniting widespread analysis and discourse. For More Info:- https://news.arihantwebtech.com/search-disrupted-googles-leaked-documents-rock-the-seo-world/
"𝑩𝑬𝑮𝑼𝑵 𝑾𝑰𝑻𝑯 𝑻𝑱 𝑰𝑺 𝑯𝑨𝑳𝑭 𝑫𝑶𝑵𝑬"
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 (𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 provides unlimited package services including such as Event organizing, Event planning, Event production, Manpower, PR marketing, Design 2D/3D, VIP protocols, Interpreter agency, etc.
Sports events - Golf competitions/billiards competitions/company sports events: dynamic and challenging
⭐ 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬:
➢ 2024 BAEKHYUN [Lonsdaleite] IN HO CHI MINH
➢ SUPER JUNIOR-L.S.S. THE SHOW : Th3ee Guys in HO CHI MINH
➢FreenBecky 1st Fan Meeting in Vietnam
➢CHILDREN ART EXHIBITION 2024: BEYOND BARRIERS
➢ WOW K-Music Festival 2023
➢ Winner [CROSS] Tour in HCM
➢ Super Show 9 in HCM with Super Junior
➢ HCMC - Gyeongsangbuk-do Culture and Tourism Festival
➢ Korean Vietnam Partnership - Fair with LG
➢ Korean President visits Samsung Electronics R&D Center
➢ Vietnam Food Expo with Lotte Wellfood
"𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲, 𝐚 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲. 𝐖𝐞 𝐚𝐥𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐚 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬."
[Note: This is a partial preview. To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
Cracking the Workplace Discipline Code Main.pptxWorkforce Group
Cultivating and maintaining discipline within teams is a critical differentiator for successful organisations.
Forward-thinking leaders and business managers understand the impact that discipline has on organisational success. A disciplined workforce operates with clarity, focus, and a shared understanding of expectations, ultimately driving better results, optimising productivity, and facilitating seamless collaboration.
Although discipline is not a one-size-fits-all approach, it can help create a work environment that encourages personal growth and accountability rather than solely relying on punitive measures.
In this deck, you will learn the significance of workplace discipline for organisational success. You’ll also learn
• Four (4) workplace discipline methods you should consider
• The best and most practical approach to implementing workplace discipline.
• Three (3) key tips to maintain a disciplined workplace.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
1. Li-Fi (Light Fidelity)-The future technology In Wireless communication
G.Dinesh Kumar Reddy
Student, ECE, Dr.KVSRIT, Kurnool
2. E-MAIL:dinu.guvva@gmail,
Mobile-No: 9052322398
Abstract:
Whether you’re using wireless internet in a coffee
shop, stealing it from the guy next door, or
competing for bandwidth at a conference, you have
probably gotten frustrated at the slow speeds you
face when more than one device is tapped into the
network. As more and more people and their many
devices access wireless internet, clogged airwaves
are going to make it. One germen phycist.Harald
Haas has come up with a solution he calls “data
through illumination” –taking the fibber out of fiber
optic by sending data through an LED light bulb
that varies in intensity faster than the human eye can
follow. It’s the same idea band behind infrared
remote controls but far more powerful. Haas says
his invention, which he calls D-LIGHT, can produce
data rates faster than 10 megabits per second, which
is speedier than your average broadband connection.
He envisions a future where data for laptops, smart
phones, and tablets is transmitted through the light
in a room. And security would be snap – if you can’t
see the light, you can’t access the data.
encode data in the light by varying the rate at which
the LEDs flicker on and off to give different strings
of 1s and 0s.The LED intensity is modulated so
rapidly that human eye cannot notice, so the output
appears constant. More sophisticated techniques
could dramatically increase VLC data rate. Terms at
the University of Oxford and the University of
Edingburgh are focusing on parallel data
transmission using array of LEDs, where each LED
transmits a different data stream. Other group are
using mixtures of red, green and blue LEDs to alter
the light frequency encoding a different data
channel.Li-Fi, as it has been dubbed, has already
achieved blisteringly high speed in the lab.
Researchers at the Heinrich Hertz Institute in
Berlin,Germany,have reached data rates of over 500
megabytes per second using a standard white-light
LED. The technology was demonstrated at the 2012
Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas using a
pair of Casio smart phones to exchange data using
light of varying intensity given off from their
screens, detectable at a distance of up to ten metres.
Keywords: LED (Light emitted diode), Wi-Fi, VLC
INTRODUCTION
LiFi is transmission of data through illumination by
taking the fiber out of fiber optics by sending data
through a LED light bulb that varies in intensity
faster than the human eye can follow.Li-Fi is the
term some have used to label the fast and cheap
wireless-communication system, which is the
optical version of Wi-Fi. The term was first used in
this context by Harald Haas in his TED Global talk
on Visible Light Communication. “At the heart of
this technology is a new generation of high
brightness light-emitting diodes”, says Harald Haas
from the University of Edinburgh, UK,”Very
simply, if the LED is on, you transmit a digital 1, if
it’s off you transmit a 0,”Haas says, “They can be
Fig.1 Li-Fi enviorment
In October 2011 a number of companies and
industry groups formed the Li-Fi Consortium, to
promote high-speed optical wireless systems and to
overcome the limited amount of radio-based
wireless spectrum available by exploiting a
completely different part of the electromagnetic
spectrum. The consortium believes it is possible to
achieve more than 10 Gbps, theoretically allowing a
high-definition film to be downloaded in 30
seconds.
WORKING TECHNOLOGY
switched on and off very quickly, which gives nice This brilliant idea was first showcased by Harald
opportunities for transmitted data.”It is possible to Haas from University of Edinburgh, UK, in his
3. TED Global talk on VLC. He explained,” Very
simple, if the LED is on, you transmit a digital 1, if
it’s off you transmit a 0. The LEDs can be switched
on and off very quickly, which gives nice
opportunities for transmitting data.” So what you
require at all are some LEDs and a controller that
code data into those LEDs. We have to just vary the
rate at which the LED’s flicker depending upon the
data we want to encode. Further enhancements can
be made in this method, like using an array of LEDs
for parallel data transmission, or using mixtures of
red, green and blue LEDs to alter the light’s
frequency with
each frequency encoding a different data channel.
Such advancements promise a theoretical speed of
10 Gbps – meaning you can download a full highdefinition film in just 30 seconds. Simply awesome!
But blazingly fast data rates and depleting
bandwidths worldwide are not the only reasons that
give this technology an upper hand. Since Li-Fi uses
just the light, it can be used safely in aircrafts and
hospitals that are prone to interference from radio
waves. This can even work underwater where Wi-Fi
fails completely, thereby throwing open endless
opportunities for military operations.
Imagine only needing to hover under a street lamp
to get public internet access, or downloading a
movie from the lamp on your desk. There's a new
technology on the block which could, quite literally
as well as metaphorically, 'throw light on' how to
meet the ever-increasing demand for high-speed
wireless connectivity. Radio waves are replaced by
light waves in a new method of data transmission
which is being called Li-Fi.Light-emitting diodes
can be switched on and off faster than the human
eye can detect, causing the light source to appear to
be on continuously. A flickering light can be
incredibly annoying, but has turned out to have its
upside, being precisely what makes it possible to
use light for wireless data transmission. Lightemitting diodes (commonly referred to as LEDs and
found in traffic and street lights, car brake lights,
remote control units and countless other
applications) can be switched on and off faster than
the human eye can detect, causing the light source
to appear to be on continuously, even though it is in
fact 'flickering'. This invisible on-off activity
enables a kind of data transmission using binary
codes: switching on an LED is a logical '1',
switching it off is a logical '0'. Information can
therefore be encoded in the light by varying the rate
at which the LEDs flicker on and off to give
different strings of 1s and 0s. This method of using
rapid pulses of light to transmit information
wirelessly is technically referred to as Visible Light
Communication (VLC), though it’s potential to
compete with conventional Wi-Fi has inspired the
popular characterisation Li-Fi.
2.1 Visible light communication (VLC)-“A
potential solution to the global wireless spectrum
shortage”
LiFi (Light Fidelity) is a fast and cheap optical
version of Wi-Fi, the technology of which is based
on Visible Light Communication (VLC).VLC is a
data communication medium, which uses visible
light between 400 THz (780 nm) and 800 THz (375
nm) as optical carrier for data transmission and
illumination. It uses fast pulses of light to transmit
information wirelessly. The main components of
this communication system are 1) a high brightness
white LED, Which acts as a communication source
and 2) a silicon photodiode which shows good
response to visible wavelength region serving as the
receiving element? LED can be switched on and off
to generate digital strings of 1s and 0s. Data can be
encoded in the light to generate a new data stream
by varying the flickering rate of the LED. To be
clearer, by modulating the LED light with the data
signal, the LED illumination can be used as a
communication source. As the flickering rate is so
fast, the LED output appears constant to the human
eye. A data rate of greater than 100 Mbps is possible
by using high speed LEDs with appropriate
multiplexing techniques. VLC data rate can be
increased by parallel data transmission using LED
arrays where each LED transmits a different data
stream. There are reasons to prefer LED as the light
source in VLC while a lot of other illumination
devices like fluorescent lamp, incandescent bulb
etc. are available.
4. Wi-Fi –
IEEE
802.11n
150 Mbps
*
Bluetooth
3 Mbps
*
IrDA
4 Mbps
***
WiGig
2 Gbps
**
Giga-IR
1 Gbps
***
Li-Fi
>1Gbps
****
Wireless
(future)
Table 1.Comparison between current and future
wireless technology
The table also contains the current wireless
technologies that can be used for transferring
data between devices today, i.e. Wi-Fi, Bluetooth
and IrDA. Only Wi-Fi currently offers very high
data rates. The IEEE 802.11.n in most
implementations provides up to 150Mbit/s (in
theory the standard can go to 600Mbit/s) although
in practice you receive considerably less than this.
Note that one out of three of these is an optical
technology.
3.1 How it is different?
Fig 2.Data transmission using LED
COMPARISION BETWEEN Li-Fi & Wi-Fi
LI-FI is a term of one used to describe visible light
communication technology applied to high speed
wireless communication. It acquired this name due
to the similarity to WI-FI, only using light instead of
radio.WI-FI is great for general wireless coverage
within buildings, and li-fi is ideal for high density
wireless data coverage in confined area and for
relieving radio interference issues, so the two
technologies can be considered complimentary.
Technology
Wireless
(current)
Speed
Data density
5. Li-Fi
Fig 3.Working and advantages
technology is based on LEDs for the transfer of
data. The transfer of the data can be with the help of
all kinds of light, no matter the part of the spectrum
that they belong. That is, the light can belong to the
invisible, ultraviolet or the visible part of the
spectrum. Also, the speed of the internet is
incredibly high and you can download movies,
games, music etc in just a few minutes with the help
of this technology. Also, the technology removes
limitations that have been put on the user by the WiFi. You no more need to be in a region that is Wi-Fi
enabled to have access to the internet. You can
simply stand under any form of light and surf the
internet as the connection is made in case of any
light presence. There cannot be anything better than
this technology.
4.1 You Might Just Live Longer
For a long time, medical technology has lagged
behind the rest of the wireless world. Operating
rooms do not allow Wi-Fi over radiation concerns,
and there is also that whole lack of dedicated
spectrum. While Wi-Fi is in place in many
hospitals, interference from cell phones and
computers can block signals from monitoring
equipment. Li-Fi solves both problems: lights are
not only allowed in operating rooms, but tend to be
the most glaring (pun intended) fixtures in the
room. And, as Haas mentions in his TED Talk, LiFi has 10,000 times the spectrum of Wi-Fi, so
maybe we can, I dunno, delegate red light to
priority medical data. Code Red!
4.2 Airlines
Airline Wi-Fi. Ugh. Nothing says captive audience
like having to pay for the "service" of dial-up speed
Wi-Fi on the plane. And don’t get me started on the
pricing. The best I’ve heard so far is that passengers
will "soon" be offered a "high-speed like"
connection on some airlines. United is planning on
speeds as high as 9.8 Mbps per plane. Uh, I have
twice that capacity in my living room. And at the
same price as checking a bag, I expect it. Li-Fi
could easily introduce that sort of speed to each
seat's reading light. I’ll be the guy WoWing next to
you. Its better than listening to you tell me about
your wildly successful son, ma’am.
4.3 Smarter Power Plants
Wi-Fi and many other radiation types are bad for
sensitive areas. Like those surrounding power
plants. But power plants need fast, inter-connected
data systems to monitor things like demand, grid
integrity and (in nuclear plants) core temperature.
The savings from proper monitoring at a single
power plant can add up to hundreds of thousands of
dollars. Li-Fi could offer safe, abundant
6. connectivity for all areas of these sensitive
locations. Not only would this save money related
to currently implemented solutions, but the draw on
a power plant’s own reserves could be lessened if
they haven’t yet converted to LED lighting
4.4 Undersea Awesomeness
Underwater ROVs, those favourite toys of treasure
seekers and James Cameron, operate from large
cables that supply their power and allow them to
receive signals from their pilots above. ROVs work
great, except when the tether isn’t long enough to
explore an area, or when it gets stuck on something.
If their wires were cut and replaced with light —
say from a submerged, high-powered lamp — then
they would be much freer to explore. They could
also use their headlamps to communicate with each
other, processing data autonomously and referring
findings periodically back to the surface, all the
while obtaining their next batch of orders.
4.5. It Could Keep You Informed and Save Lives
Say there’s an earthquake in New York. Or a
hurricane. Take your pick — it’s a wacky city. The
average New Yorker may not know what the
protocols are for those kinds of disasters. Until they
pass under a street light, that is. Remember, with LiFi, if there’s light, you’re online. Subway stations
and tunnels, common dead zones for most
emergency communications, pose no obstruction.
Plus, in times less stressing cities could opt to
provide cheap high-speed Web access to every
street corner.