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1. Lifecycle of a Bill in India
• From Drafting to Enactment
• Presented by: [Your Name / Designation]
• Date: [Insert Date]
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2. Introduction
• • Legislation forms the backbone of
governance.
• • Indian Constitution: Articles 107 to 111.
• • Bills ensure structured governance through
democratic procedures.

3. Sources of a Bill
• • Government policy decisions
• • Court directives
• • Law Commission reports
• • Public demand and political will
• • International obligations

4. Drafting the Bill
• • Legislative Department prepares draft
• • Ministry-specific content vetted for legality
• • Conforms to CrPC/IPCs drafting standards
• • Cabinet approval precedes introduction

5. Pre-legislative Process
• • Inter-ministerial consultations
• • Stakeholder consultations (if significant
impact)
• • Legal vetting
• • Draft Cabinet Note & Approval

6. Types of Bills
• • Ordinary Bills (Article 107)
• • Money Bills (Article 110)
• • Financial Bills (Article 117)
• • Constitutional Amendment Bills (Article 368)
• • Private Member's Bills

7. First Reading
• • Introduction in either House (except Money
Bills)
• • No detailed debate
• • Published in the Gazette

8. Second Reading
• • General Discussion: Principles and objectives
• • Committee Stage: DRSC, Select/Joint
Committee
• • Clause-wise Consideration

9. Third Reading
• • Debate on the final form
• • Limited amendments
• • Voting on Bill as a whole

10. Consideration in Second House
• • Same stages as first House
• • Amendments possible
• • Disagreement may lead to Joint Sitting
(Article 108)

11. Presidential Assent
• • President may:
• - Assent
• - Withhold
• - Return (except Money Bills)
• • Money Bills: No return provision

12. Act and Commencement
• • Post-assent, becomes an Act
• • Published in Gazette of India
• • Comes into force:
• - Immediately
• - On notified date

13. Delegated Legislation
• • Rules, regulations framed by Government
• • Operational details of Act
• • Laid before Parliament

14. Post-enactment Process
• • Implementation by relevant Ministry
• • Judicial scrutiny
• • Periodic review (if applicable)

15. Special Cases
• • Money Bills (Article 110)
• • Finance Bills (Article 117)
• • Constitutional Amendments (Article 368)
• • Ordinances (Article 123)

16. Flowchart: Lifecycle of a Bill
• Policy → Drafting → Approval → Introduction
→ Readings → Passage → Assent → Act
Policy Drafting Approval

17. Challenges
• • Lack of legislative scrutiny
• • Ordinance route overuse
• • Delays in rule-making
• • Public participation issues

18. Reforms and Best Practices
• • Regulatory Impact Assessments
• • Mandatory pre-legislative consultation
• • Strengthening Committees
• • Transparent digital tracking of Bills

19. Conclusion
• • Law-making is structured yet evolving
• • Vital for democratic and accountable
governance
• • Constant improvement ensures legal
robustness

20. Q&A / Thank You
• • Thank the audience
• • Invite questions and discussion