Define teaching and learning. Describe principles associated with foundational teaching and learning theories (Vygotsky & Piaget’s Theories)  Design learning experiences based upon principles associated with Vygotsky & Piaget’s Theories Apply principles of Vygotsky & Piaget’s Theories. Discuss how learning occurs.

1. EDSL 605.ET&T
TEACHING AND LEARNING THEORY
GROUP -TEAM A3. PRESENTATION
LECTURER: ALHAJI YUSIF AMADU
3RD AUGUST, 2020
9/17/2020 Lev Vygotsky’s & Jean Piaget’s Theory-TA3 1

2. •Lev Vygotsky’s
& Jean Piaget’s
Theory

3. S/N MEMBERSHIP NAMES STUDENT ID
1 AYITEYFIO DANIEL 10872581
2 FRIMPONG ADWOA NYARKO 10872524
3 AGORBIA GODSWILL CASTRO 10177570
4 AYERTEY REGINA NAADU 10872540
5 NAANA DORUWAA AMPONSAH 10288463
6 EYRAM KOFI AFEDO 10872565
7 ANSA JOYCE 10197225
8 EKOR STELLA FAFA 10872596
9 ATOLIYA PIUS 10598099
9/17/2020 Lev Vygotsky’s & Jean Piaget’s Theory-TA3 3

4. S/N MEMBERSHIP NAMES STUDENT ID
10 ASAMOAH ADU, ANDYVANS 10872558
11 ABOTSI PATRICIA ELLEN DZIFA 10872550
12 ADOM, OPHELIA ASHTREDE 10872600
13 AMARTEY RUBY LEONORA 10872557
14 ADOMAKOH, FRANCISCA 10872613
15 BEKUI, ABIGAIL YAYRA 10460581
16 BORLEY TETTEH, ISAAC 10872576
17 DOVI, MERCY 10872570
9/17/2020 Lev Vygotsky’s & Jean Piaget’s Theory-TA3 4

5. 9/17/2020 Lev Vygotsky’s & Jean Piaget’s Theory-TA3 5

6. Who is Lev Vygotsky
• Lev Vygotsky was a seminal Russian
psychologist who is best known for his
sociocultural theory. He believed that social
interaction plays a critical role in children's
learning. Through such social interactions,
children go through a continuous process of
learning. Died at Age 37
•
• Lev Vygotsky was born November 17, 1896, in Orsha, a
city in the western region of the Russian Empire.
• He attended Moscow State University, where he
graduated with a degree in law in 1917.
9/17/2020 Lev Vygotsky’s & Jean Piaget’s Theory-TA3 6

7. LEARNING OUTCOME
1. Define teaching and learning.
2. Describe principles associated with foundational teaching
and learning theories.
3. Design learning experiences based upon principles
associated with foundational teaching and learning theories.
4. Apply principles of foundational teaching and learning
theories
5. Discuss how learning occurs.
9/17/2020 Lev Vygotsky’s & Jean Piaget’s Theory-TA3 7

8. Q1.WHAT IS TEACHING AND LEARNING
• Teaching: is fundamentally about creating the pedagogical, social,
and ethical conditions under which students agree to take charge
of their own learning, individually and collectively.
• Learning: Is the activity or process of gaining knowledge or skill by studying,
practicing, being taught, or experiencing something (Merriam-Webster
dictionary). Learning is about what students do, not about what we as
teachers do.
9/17/2020 Lev Vygotsky’s & Jean Piaget’s Theory-TA3 8

9. Q2. PRINCIPLES ASSOCIATED WITH LEV
LEV VYGOTSKY’S & JEAN PIAGET’S THEORY
Social
interaction
precedes
development.
Development
necessarily
precedes
learning.9/17/2020 Lev Vygotsky’s & Jean Piaget’s Theory-TA3 9

10. LEV VYGOTSKY’S
1. Tools needed; Cultural or social settings
i.e. Speech and writing to mediate the
immediate environment.
2. Social interaction precedes development;
consciousness and cognition are the end
product of socialization and social behavior.
9/17/2020 Lev Vygotsky’s & Jean Piaget’s Theory-TA3 10

11. • The element of the
environment influence our
cognitive development
9/17/2020 Lev Vygotsky’s & Jean Piaget’s Theory-TA3 11

12. LEV VYGOTSKY’S
• The Constructivism Concept:
• It asserts three major themes regarding
a. Social interaction,
b. More knowledgeable other, and .
c. The zone of proximal development.
9/17/2020 Lev Vygotsky’s & Jean Piaget’s Theory-TA3 12

13. Stage 1: Social interaction plays
• A fundamental role in the process of cognitive development.
Vygotsky felt social learning precedes development. He states:
“Every function in the child’s cultural development appears
twice: first, on the social level, and later, on the individual level;
first, between people (interpsychological) and then inside the
child (intrapsychological)”
9/17/2020 Lev Vygotsky’s & Jean Piaget’s Theory-TA3 13

14. Stage 2: The More Knowledgeable Other
(MKO)
• learning from an elderly, experience
of or one who know more than
yourself (Peer, computer, Mobile
phone, Adult Coach).
9/17/2020 Lev Vygotsky’s & Jean Piaget’s Theory-TA3 14

15. Stage 3: The Zone of Proximal
Development (ZPD)
• The ZPD is the distance between a student’s
ability to perform a task under adult guidance
and/or with peer collaboration and the student’s
ability solving the problem independently.
According to Vygotsky, learning occurred in this
zone.
9/17/2020 Lev Vygotsky’s & Jean Piaget’s Theory-TA3 15

16. LEV VYGOTSKY’S -
• The known to unknown
Finally we say Constructivism assumes that all
knowledge is constructed from the learner’s previous
knowledge, regardless of how one is taught. Thus, even
listening to a lecture involves active attempts to
construct new knowledge.
9/17/2020 Lev Vygotsky’s & Jean Piaget’s Theory-TA3 16

17. VIDEO LINK VYGOTSKY’S
https://youtu.be/1k8xx1gcbtM
9/17/2020 Lev Vygotsky’s & Jean Piaget’s Theory-TA3 17

18. JEAN PIAGET
THE THEORY OF COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT
Piaget’s Stage Theory of Cognitive Development is
a description of cognitive development that has four
distinct stages in children: sensorimotor,
preoperational, concrete, and formal.
9/17/2020 Lev Vygotsky’s & Jean Piaget’s Theory-TA3 18

19. Stage 1:
Sensorimotor stage (Birth to 2 years old)
• The infant builds an understanding of himself or herself and reality
(and how things work) through interactions with the environment. It is
able to differentiate between itself and other objects. Learning takes
place via assimilation (the organization of information and absorbing it
into existing schema) and accommodation (when an object cannot be
assimilated and the schemata have to be modified to include the
object.
9/17/2020 Lev Vygotsky’s & Jean Piaget’s Theory-TA3 19

20. Stage 2: Preoperational stage (ages 2 to 7)
The child is not yet able to conceptualize
abstractly and needs concrete physical
situations. Objects are classified in simple
ways, especially by important features.
9/17/2020 Lev Vygotsky’s & Jean Piaget’s Theory-TA3 20

21. Stage 3: Concrete operations (ages 7 to 11)
• As physical experience accumulates,
accommodation is increased. The child
begins to think abstractly and
conceptualize, creating logical structures
that explain his or her physical experiences.
9/17/2020 Lev Vygotsky’s & Jean Piaget’s Theory-TA3 21

22. Stage 4: Formal operations (beginning
at ages 11 to 15)
• Cognition reaches its final form. By this stage, the
person no longer requires concrete objects to make
rational judgments. He or she is capable of
deductive and hypothetical reasoning. His or her
ability for abstract thinking is very similar to an
adult.
9/17/2020 Lev Vygotsky’s & Jean Piaget’s Theory-TA3 22

23. VIDEO LINK ON JEAN PIAGET’S
https://youtu.be/Yxo8zkgd07E
https://youtu.be/gnArvcWaH6I
9/17/2020 Lev Vygotsky’s & Jean Piaget’s Theory-TA3 23

24. CONTEXTUALIZING THE TWO THEORIES-
• Lev Vygotsky’s Social interaction (i.e. Constructivism) plays
a fundamental role in the process of cognitive
development. Whiles Jean Piaget’s understanding of child
development (in which development necessarily precedes
learning), Vygotsky felt social learning precedes
development.
9/17/2020 Lev Vygotsky’s & Jean Piaget’s Theory-TA3 24

25. QUESTION 3
• DESIGN LEARNING EXPERIENCES BASED
UPON PRINCIPLES ASSOCIATED WITH LEV
VYGOTSKY’S & JEAN PIAGET’S THEORY.
9/17/2020 Lev Vygotsky’s & Jean Piaget’s Theory-TA3 25

26. Vygotsky Theory -
MATHEMATICS
TOPIC: TEACHING THE CONCEPT
OF ZERO
9/17/2020 Lev Vygotsky’s & Jean Piaget’s Theory-TA3 26

27. 9/17/2020 Lev Vygotsky’s & Jean Piaget’s Theory-TA3 27

28. STEPS
1: Each child is asked to PICK an apple from a given basket.
2: Each child is allowed to pick one of the apple till the basket
becomes empty
3: till the last person realized, that there
is nothing in the basket
9/17/2020 Lev Vygotsky’s & Jean Piaget’s Theory-TA3 28

29. 4: Teacher asked a question, is there any more
apple in the basket?
The child’s answer will be no. (Empty)
5: So how do we call the emptiness in our lesson.
This will be answered Zero (0)
9/17/2020 Lev Vygotsky’s & Jean Piaget’s Theory-TA3 29

30. Q4. APPLY PRINCIPLES OF
FOUNDATIONAL TEACHING AND
LEARNING THEORIES
• 6: If an answer is given to be empty rather than Zero (0),
Teacher then confirms to the learner that emptiness means
Zero (0). This implies that in Vygotsky theory social learning
brings about developmental learning. Because the learner
can now identify emptiness at all times as zero (0). So then
learn from known to unknown.
9/17/2020 Lev Vygotsky’s & Jean Piaget’s Theory-TA3 30

31. (The Zero (0) concept “child feeding in a
can concept”) JEAN PIAGET’S
• In considering Jean Piaget theory, (The Zero (0) concept “child feeding
in a can concept”) a child within the Sensorimotor stage (Birth to 2
years old) will be tasked with a feeding scenario, till the cup get empty.
The child then picks the cup and cry. But at this stage of conscious and
unconscious cry, emptiness concept of zero is being applied.
9/17/2020 Lev Vygotsky’s & Jean Piaget’s Theory-TA3 31

32. CONT’
• This application clearly explain how understanding zero (0) can be
realized in the learning process of a child. At the same period any time
the child sees the cup he/she cries more. As long as there is milo in the
Cup. Now any time the child is satisfied he or she stop crying more. But
at different occasions this same child sees the Milo beverage he/she never
cry because he might be satisfied or it might be empty. Meaning that, the
very child might be moving from sensorimotor stage to Preoperational
stage (ages 2 to 4)
9/17/2020 Lev Vygotsky’s & Jean Piaget’s Theory-TA3 32

33. Q5. DISCUSS HOW LEARNING OCCURS.
LEV VYGOTSKY’S
Learning occurs at the
time the child sees an
empty can to be a
factor of zero (0)
JEAN PIAGET’S
Learning of a factor of
zero (0) occur at a time a
sensorimotor level child
sees an empty can.
9/17/2020 Lev Vygotsky’s & Jean Piaget’s Theory-TA3 33

34. IN SUMMARY
• Social Interaction precedes
Developmental learning whiles
Developmental Learning Preceeds
Social Learning. Vice-Versa
9/17/2020 Lev Vygotsky’s & Jean Piaget’s Theory-TA3 34

35. References
• 1. Vygotsky, L. S. (1980). Mind in society: The development of
higher psychological processes. Harvard university press.
• 2. Piaget, J. (2013). The construction of reality in the child (Vol. 82).
Routledge.
• 3. Ertmer, P. A., & Newby, T. J. (1993). Behaviorism, cognitivism,
constructivism: Comparing critical features from an instructional
design perspective.Performance improvement quarterly, 6(4), 50-72.
• 4. Cooper, P. A. (1993). Paradigm Shifts in Designed Instruction:
From Behaviorism to Cognitivism to Constructivism. Educational
technology, 33(5), 12-19.
9/17/2020 Lev Vygotsky’s & Jean Piaget’s Theory-TA3 35

36. Reference Cont.
1. Piaget, J. (1952). The origins of intelligence in children
(Vol. 8, No. 5, pp. 18-1952). New York: International
Universities Press.
2. Piaget, J. (1959). The language and thought of the child
(Vol. 5). Psychology Press. Chicago
3. Piaget, J. (1976). Piaget’s theory. In Piaget and his school
(pp. 11-23). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
9/17/2020 Lev Vygotsky’s & Jean Piaget’s Theory-TA3 36

37. END OF LESSON
CHIEFGξGξ -AUGUST 2020 –M.A. EDU.L M
9/17/2020 Lev Vygotsky’s & Jean Piaget’s Theory-TA3 37