The document discusses sentence structure and types of sentences. It defines a sentence as having a subject and predicate. A fragment is missing one of these parts, while a run-on sentence combines multiple subjects and predicates without proper punctuation. It then provides examples of sentences, fragments, and run-ons. Later, it discusses expanding simple sentences by adding details about who, what, when, where, why, how, etc. Compound and complex sentences are introduced, with compound sentences joining two independent clauses, and complex sentences having one independent and one dependent clause. Examples and exercises are provided to help readers identify and write different sentence types.

1. Let’s write!
Language Development

2. Sentences, Fragments and Run-ons
Sentences can be long or short but they need two basic parts:
Subject + Predicate (Verb - Action Word)
If a sentence is missing one of the parts above it is called a fragment.
If it has many sentences (ideas) that go on and on without proper punctuation, it
is called a run on sentence. It usually has more than one subject and predicate.

3. Sentence, Fragment, or Run on?
1. Rabbits jump.
2. The big brown fluffy rabbit in the garden.
3. Rabbits love to eat carrots and one hopped into our garden and I thought it
was cute even though it was eating the carrots.
4. The hungry rabbit hopped into the garden because he wanted to eat a carrot.

4. Click on the link in the chat and write any sentence.
Remember! A basic sentence has a Subject + Verb (and usually an + Object).
Ex. She eats apples.
** Don’t worry if your sentence is incorrect or
there are spelling mistakes. We will fix those
later**

5. Example Sentence:
She ate apples.
1. Yesterday, she ate apples.
(When?)
2. Yesterday, Maria ate apples.
(Who?)
3. Yesterday, Maria ate six
apples. (How many?)
4. Yesterday, Maria ate six
apples because she was
hungry. (Why?)
Let’s expand!

6. Example Sentence:
He went home.
1. Last week, he went home.
(When?)
2. Last week, Ahmed went
home. (Who?)
3. Last week, Ahmed went home
at 6pm. (What time?)
4. Last week, Ahmed went home
at six o’clock to watch the
football match. (Why?)
Let’s expand!

7. Now you try!
Go back and expand your sentence!

8. Pick three examples
sentence from the list
and expand!
Write your answers in the
classroom chatbox.
❏ Leaves fall.
❏ Birds fly south.
❏ Bears sleep.
❏ He went to the desert.
❏ The cat sat.
❏ Children play.
❏ I slept.
❏ It rained.
❏ We left.
Think about: who, what, where,
why, when, how, how many, etc.

9. Let’s elevate your
writing!
Language Development

10. Let’s practice these two types of sentences:
Compound:
A sentence that has two independent clauses
(both can stand alone) and is joined by a
connecting word.
❏ He sang and she danced.
❏ I really need to go to work, but I am too
sick to drive.
Complex:
A sentence that contains an independent clause
(can stand alone in a sentence) and a dependent
clause (cannot stand alone).
❏ Bobby was delighted he got the part in the
school play, even though the part was a
small one.
❏ After lots of practice, John still struggled
to tie his shoelaces.

11. Conjunction (a word that joins other words/sentences)
Compound:
★ and, for, so, but, nor, or, yet.
Complex:
★ after, before, while, because, since,
if, although, as, when.
It is used as the first word in a dependent clause.
It is used to connect two complete sentences.

12. Conjunctions for compound sentences
➔ F: for - explains a reason
➔ A: and - adds more information
➔ N: nor - presents two negative ideas
➔ B: but - shows contrast or exception
➔ O: or - gives an options
➔ Y: yet - shows unexpected results or opposite
➔ S: so - shows a result/reason
She is going to visit her family, for she is feeling
lonely.
Tom enjoys playing tennis and he likes cooking.
We won’t be able to visit our friends, nor will they
be able to visit us this summer.
Nasser wants to go to the beach, but he has no time.
We can go to the cinema or we can go have dinner
somewhere.
Janet did very well on her test, yet she did not pass.
I needed some money, so I went to the bank.

13. In groups connect the two compound sentences with the correct
conjunction (some conjunctions will be used more than once)
The puppy had lost her bone
Kelly likes to drink juice
We ate pasta for dinner
Today is my birthday
It was warm outside
I’m going to the store
Would you like to some tea
do you prefer coffee?
a few items I need at home.
my mom made me a cake.
had some brownies for dessert.
we wore our winter coats.
she was feeling sad.
she doesn’t like milk.
and
yet
but
for
so
or

14. Click this link to practice:
https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/6022
bb64d25694001b1b3055

15. Remember:
Complex:
A sentence that contains an independent clause
(can stand alone in a sentence) and a dependent
clause (cannot stand alone).
❏ The football match was cancelled because
it was raining.
❏ Because it was raining, the football match
was cancelled.
*Notice the dependent clause can
go at the front of the sentence
(with a comma) or at the back
(with no comma).*

16. Join this nearpod activity to practice:
You will have four minutes to match six popular
quotes. Each quote starts with a dependent
clause.
https://share.nearpod.com/bhkbjCns6bb

17. Identify the dependent clause:
Since he was not there, I was quite upset.
After work, we went to have ice cream.
I went to the snack bar before the movie
started.
I will give my best effort even though I am tired.
When the cake is brown, remove it from the
oven.

18. Join these complex sentences using the conjunctions in the box:
I will help the man. He deserves it.
Mary came in. We were talking about her.
I shall come tomorrow. You asked for me.
Call me at my office. You happen to be in town.
The sun shines brightly. It is very cold.
when
while
because
even though
since
Remember: for most sentences, sentence order does not matter (as
long as the conjunction comes before the dependent clause).

20. Extra practice:
https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/6027
d8f8a8b915001b7a1161
https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/6027
dadec50fd7001e9b281a

21. Let’s elevate your
writing!
Language Development

22. Objectives for today 18/2/2021
Review complex sentences:
● Identify which part of the sentence is
the dependant clause
● Use the correct conjunctions to join
sentences
● Create 5 complex sentences using
prompts

23. Let’s read this paragraph...
This morning I woke up. The time was
7:30 a.m. I went to the bathroom. I took
a shower. I brushed my teeth. Max
barked at me. I took him for a walk. It
was a glorious day. He was happy. I was
happy. I felt famished. We both had
breakfast. I went to work.
How does it sound?
Do you like it?
How can we fix it?

24. Remember:
Complex:
A sentence that contains an independent clause
(can stand alone in a sentence) and a dependent
clause (cannot stand alone).
❏ The baby slept while the rain fell.
❏ While the rain fell, the baby slept.
*Notice the dependent clause can
go at the front of the sentence
(with a comma) or at the back
(with no comma).*

25. Conjunction (a word that joins other words/sentences)
Complex:
★ after, before, while, because, since,
if, although, as, when.
There are about 50 conjunctions, but
we can focus on just a few to start.

26. Identify the dependent clause and its conjunction:
Elaina enjoys being the class president even
though she has to make hard decisions.
Since you already heated the soup, I will just
make a small salad.
Because my coffee was too cold, I heated it up in
the microwave.
We all have a good time when Uncle Sam comes
to town.
I washed the car after I came home.
**Notice that a dependent clause
always starts with a conjunction.
That is an easy way to identify
it.**

27. Join this nearpod activity to practice:
You will have four minutes to complete this fill
in the blank activity on complex sentences.
https://share.nearpod.com/bhkbjCns6bb

28. Join these complex sentences using the conjunctions in the box:
It was very long. The movie was still enjoyable.
I heated it in the microwave. My coffee was too cold.
Prices go up. Customers buy less products.
You will definitely lose. You don’t try.
The storm hit the town. Trees lay broken in the streets.
whenever
if
because
although
after
Remember: for most sentences, sentence order does not matter (as
long as the conjunction comes before the dependent clause).

29. Finish the complex sentence by writing an independent clause that
makes sense.
1. After eating breakfast,
2. Although it was cold,
3. Because my grandmother is such a
good cook,
4. Before entering the baseball stadium,
5. If I were you,
6. When she brought in the birthday cake,
7. While the teacher was out,

30. Compound or Complex
Let’s review!

31. Take a look at the two sentences below:
I washed my hands and I ate breakfast.
I washed my hands before I ate breakfast.
(They differ just by one word and/before and that word changes the structure of
the sentence.)
One of the sentences is compound and the other is
complex. Can you tell the difference?

32. Let’s review:
A compound sentences is a made up of two independent clauses (a complete
sentence) that is joined by a conjunction (connecting word).
She cooked and he cleaned.
She cooked. (independent clause)
He cleaned. (independent clause)
and (conjunction)
There are only seven conjunctions for compound sentences. Can you remember
them all? (Think FANBOYS)

33. Compound conjunctions:
➔ F: for - explains a reason
➔ A: and - adds more information
➔ N: nor - presents two negative ideas
➔ B: but - shows contrast or exception
➔ O: or - gives an options
➔ Y: yet - shows unexpected results or opposite
➔ S: so - shows a result/reason

34. Let’s review:
A complex sentence is not created equally. There is one independent clause and
one dependent clause (cannot stand alone). These two senclauses express related
thoughts, but one clause acts as the foundation of the sentence.
My mom smiled when I made dinner.
My mom smiled. (independent clause)
when I made dinner (dependent clause)
when (conjunction)
Conjunctions in a this type of sentence show a complex relationship between the
two ideas.

35. ...
My mom smiled when I made dinner.
If we take away the conjunction, when, we are left with a independent clause; I
made dinner. The when shows the relationship between the two clauses (time).
There are many conjunctions used in complex sentences. Try to memorize the
most used ones like: after, because, if, since, when, although, etc