The history of mandatory continuing legal education (MCLE) in Indiana began in the 1950s as the practice of law became more complex. In response, the Indiana State Bar Association launched educational initiatives like the Res Gestae magazine and seminars. This highlighted the need for more continuing education. The Indiana Continuing Legal Education Forum (ICLEF) was then established in 1964 to further support continuing legal education. Over the following decades, ICLEF grew their programming and organizational capabilities. By the 1980s, they were providing many live and recorded seminars across the state, building the case for Indiana to officially adopt mandatory CLE through a Supreme Court rule in 1986.
History Of The Association Of Legal Aid Attorneys Uaw Local 2325legal5
The document provides a history of the Association of Legal Aid Attorneys union (ALAA) from its founding in 1968 through 1999. It summarizes that ALAA was founded to advocate for improved working conditions and client representation at the New York Legal Aid Society. In its early years from 1968-1972, ALAA fought for basic resources like offices, phones, training and continuity of client representation. This led to its first strike in 1970. Strikes in 1973 and 1974 achieved some gains but also faced judicial backlash. ALAA continued advocating for clients and fighting for improvements over the decades.
The document discusses labor relations in the new economy and issues faced by independent contractors, such as misclassification by employers to avoid responsibilities. It explores debates around how independent contractors are distinguished from employees under labor laws. The emergence of organizations like the Freelancers Union is examined as an example of how workers in the new economy are self-organizing in nontraditional ways outside of traditional employee protections.
The document discusses several key federal labor and employment laws in the United States, including:
1. The National Labor Relations Act of 1935, which established the right of employees to unionize and collectively bargain.
2. The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, which set standards for minimum wage, overtime pay, recordkeeping, and child labor.
3. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibited discrimination in employment based on race, color, religion, sex or national origin.
4. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, which prohibits employment discrimination against qualified individuals with disabilities.
The document provides an overview of the purpose and requirements of these major federal statutes that form the
This document summarizes the history of corporate money in politics and campaign finance law in the United States. It discusses key Supreme Court rulings like Buckley v. Valeo, Bellotti, Austin, McConnell, Citizens United, and Hobby Lobby that have expanded corporate political speech rights and loosened campaign finance regulations. The Powell Memorandum of 1971 encouraged corporations to engage more actively in politics to influence regulations. Over time, the Court has increasingly equated corporate political spending with free speech and overturned restrictions on direct corporate donations to politicians.
Constructing Legal Strategy in the New Economy: Alternative Servicing and Bil...jonneiditz
This document introduces the panelists for a roundtable discussion on constructing legal strategy in the new economy. It provides brief biographies of each panelist, including their professional backgrounds, experiences, and affiliations. The roundtable was hosted by Stites & Harbison and Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough law firms and moderated by the Dean of Emory Law School. It covered how law firm and in-house business models are evolving in a changing economy.
The Supreme Court of Mexico is considering a case involving the National Union of Mine, Metal, Steel and Allied Workers of Mexico. The case centers on whether the government can deny legal recognition ("toma de nota") to the union's elected leader, Napoleon Gomez Urrutia. In 2008, the labor authority denied Gomez Urrutia recognition for the second time. An international labor rights organization has now submitted an amicus brief arguing that the denial violates international labor conventions, and asking the Court to consider international law in its decision. The outcome could impact trade union autonomy in Mexico.
This document provides an overview of public law and private law in three branches each. Public law includes criminal law, administrative law, and constitutional law. Criminal law deals with crimes against society, people, and property. Administrative law relates to government operations. Constitutional law establishes the structure of government and protects civil rights. Private law also has three branches: property law, contract law, and tort law. Tort law, sometimes called civil law, addresses non-criminal incidents like negligence, nuisance, trespass, and defamation through civil lawsuits rather than criminal charges. The landmark negligence case Donoghue v Stevenson established the legal concept of duty of care.
1) The Right-to-Work laws stemming from the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 weakened unions and contributed to growing income inequality in the United States. Empirical data shows median wages are lower in Right-to-Work states while business owner incomes are higher, indicating the laws benefit business owners more than workers.
2) Business leaders spearheaded campaigns for Right-to-Work laws to further reduce union power after unions were already weakened by the Taft-Hartley Act. Figures like Cecil B. DeMille used rhetoric around individual rights and accused unions of communism to advocate for the laws and consolidate the conservative movement.
3) Barry Goldwater championed Right-to-Work nationally and
History Of The Association Of Legal Aid Attorneys Uaw Local 2325legal5
The document provides a history of the Association of Legal Aid Attorneys union (ALAA) from its founding in 1968 through 1999. It summarizes that ALAA was founded to advocate for improved working conditions and client representation at the New York Legal Aid Society. In its early years from 1968-1972, ALAA fought for basic resources like offices, phones, training and continuity of client representation. This led to its first strike in 1970. Strikes in 1973 and 1974 achieved some gains but also faced judicial backlash. ALAA continued advocating for clients and fighting for improvements over the decades.
The document discusses labor relations in the new economy and issues faced by independent contractors, such as misclassification by employers to avoid responsibilities. It explores debates around how independent contractors are distinguished from employees under labor laws. The emergence of organizations like the Freelancers Union is examined as an example of how workers in the new economy are self-organizing in nontraditional ways outside of traditional employee protections.
The document discusses several key federal labor and employment laws in the United States, including:
1. The National Labor Relations Act of 1935, which established the right of employees to unionize and collectively bargain.
2. The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, which set standards for minimum wage, overtime pay, recordkeeping, and child labor.
3. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibited discrimination in employment based on race, color, religion, sex or national origin.
4. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, which prohibits employment discrimination against qualified individuals with disabilities.
The document provides an overview of the purpose and requirements of these major federal statutes that form the
This document summarizes the history of corporate money in politics and campaign finance law in the United States. It discusses key Supreme Court rulings like Buckley v. Valeo, Bellotti, Austin, McConnell, Citizens United, and Hobby Lobby that have expanded corporate political speech rights and loosened campaign finance regulations. The Powell Memorandum of 1971 encouraged corporations to engage more actively in politics to influence regulations. Over time, the Court has increasingly equated corporate political spending with free speech and overturned restrictions on direct corporate donations to politicians.
Constructing Legal Strategy in the New Economy: Alternative Servicing and Bil...jonneiditz
This document introduces the panelists for a roundtable discussion on constructing legal strategy in the new economy. It provides brief biographies of each panelist, including their professional backgrounds, experiences, and affiliations. The roundtable was hosted by Stites & Harbison and Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough law firms and moderated by the Dean of Emory Law School. It covered how law firm and in-house business models are evolving in a changing economy.
The Supreme Court of Mexico is considering a case involving the National Union of Mine, Metal, Steel and Allied Workers of Mexico. The case centers on whether the government can deny legal recognition ("toma de nota") to the union's elected leader, Napoleon Gomez Urrutia. In 2008, the labor authority denied Gomez Urrutia recognition for the second time. An international labor rights organization has now submitted an amicus brief arguing that the denial violates international labor conventions, and asking the Court to consider international law in its decision. The outcome could impact trade union autonomy in Mexico.
This document provides an overview of public law and private law in three branches each. Public law includes criminal law, administrative law, and constitutional law. Criminal law deals with crimes against society, people, and property. Administrative law relates to government operations. Constitutional law establishes the structure of government and protects civil rights. Private law also has three branches: property law, contract law, and tort law. Tort law, sometimes called civil law, addresses non-criminal incidents like negligence, nuisance, trespass, and defamation through civil lawsuits rather than criminal charges. The landmark negligence case Donoghue v Stevenson established the legal concept of duty of care.
1) The Right-to-Work laws stemming from the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 weakened unions and contributed to growing income inequality in the United States. Empirical data shows median wages are lower in Right-to-Work states while business owner incomes are higher, indicating the laws benefit business owners more than workers.
2) Business leaders spearheaded campaigns for Right-to-Work laws to further reduce union power after unions were already weakened by the Taft-Hartley Act. Figures like Cecil B. DeMille used rhetoric around individual rights and accused unions of communism to advocate for the laws and consolidate the conservative movement.
3) Barry Goldwater championed Right-to-Work nationally and
Overview of the History and Status of Teachers’ UnionsJeremy Knight
Teachers’ unions are a powerful force in local, state, and federal politics, but Janus vs. the American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) could change that. At the heart of this case is a key source of union revenue: agency fees.
Public sector unions, including teachers’ unions, collect revenue from the professionals they represent. From members, they collect membership dues that can be used for a wide range of activities, including political advocacy. In 22 states and D.C., unions can collect so-called “agency fees” from nonmembers. These fees are typically less than full membership dues and enable workers to opt out of supporting unions’ political activities while still supporting unions’ collective bargaining activities that benefit all workers.
If the Court overturns long-standing precedent and rules mandatory agency fees unconstitutional, it will likely have far-reaching effects on unions’ finances, and subsequently, on their power and influence. But to fully understand the potential effects of the Janus decision, it is necessary to first understand the history and current context in which teachers’ unions are operating. We created this slide deck to ensure that sector leaders, reporters, and commentators have a reliable resource to access this key information.
The deck begins with an overview of the history of public and private sector unions dating back to the early 1900s. It then provides a summary of the history and current status of teachers’ unions specifically: major successes related to collective bargaining, controversy and criticism surrounding their increasing political activities, and their response to the increasing accountability in federal education legislation. We then offer current data and information on the nation’s two largest teachers’ unions, including membership data, financial data, a description of their organizational structure and the services they provide, and an overview of recent activities including teacher strikes and walkouts. We conclude the deck by summarizing the Janus case and its potential impacts on teachers’ unions and offering questions yet to be answered about the future of teachers’ unions post-Janus.
This analysis offers an accurate and objective set of information to those wanting to inform their understanding of this historic case.
Labor laws change with every administration, and as an employer, keeping up to date is a necessary burden. G. Mark Jodon of Littler Mendelson discusses what has happened and what can be expected during President Obama's administration in terms of labor and employment legislative and executive initiatives. He explores the administration's priorities from both a regulatory and a legislative perspective.
International law regulates relations between sovereign states and between states and international organizations. While international law is primarily made through treaties between states, it can also affect other entities like corporations and individuals. International law differs from domestic law in that it lacks a supreme lawmaking body and compulsory enforcement mechanisms. However, states generally obey international law to promote stability and predictability in their relations. Major subjects of international law are states and international organizations, though other entities can also be recognized under international law depending on the circumstances. International law interacts with domestic law through various theories like monism, dualism, and harmonization.
The document provides an overview of key concepts in the Australian legal system. It discusses:
- Main topics covered in the course syllabus and resources available to students
- How laws evolve from traditions and values and aim to keep up with societal changes
- Distinctions between laws, rules, customs, and nation-states
- Characteristics of just laws and ensuring justice through fairness, equality, and access
- Philosophies like utilitarianism and libertarianism that influence the legal system
- Features needed to maintain the rule of law like separation of powers and an independent court system
The document summarizes the history of corporate personhood in the United States, including key Supreme Court cases. It discusses how the 1886 Santa Clara County ruling established that corporations have rights as persons, and how the 2010 Citizens United decision found that restricting corporate political spending violates free speech rights. The decision is controversial as critics argue unlimited corporate money in elections undermines democracy, while supporters see it as protecting free speech. Proposals to reverse the decision include a constitutional amendment or campaign finance reform.
Japanese system of dispute resolution from 2006 national surveyShiro Kashimura
After a brief introduction of the sociological perspective toward the phenomena of law, the presentation discusses some results of the national survey regarding trouble-experience and advice seeking in Japanese society, which was conducted in 2006. To better explain the observed varieties of remedy-seeking actions of individuals in terms of the problems in their lives, two models - Legalistic and Alternative - are considered. The slide was presented as a lecture in the series of 2014 Kobe University's Summer School of Asian Law and Dispute Management.
The document defines lobbying as attempting to influence government policy and legislation on behalf of a particular organization or special interest group. Lobbyists are people who try to influence legislation through advocacy and networking on behalf of their clients. Some of the most powerful lobbying groups in the US include the American Medical Association, American Hospital Association, National Education Association, and National Association of Manufacturers. The American Nurses Association lobbies Congress on key issues affecting nurses such as nurse staffing, overtime regulations, education funding, workplace safety, and immigration policy.
The document discusses the foundations of the American legal and political system. It focuses on social contract theory, which influenced the development of the US system. According to social contract theory, government is formed through an implicit agreement between citizens to protect natural rights in exchange for obedience to laws. The document also discusses checks and balances built into the US Constitution to limit government power, including separation of powers among the executive, legislative and judicial branches.
Nurses have a responsibility to advocate for healthcare policy that ensures high quality and affordable care for all. Lobbying is an important way for nurses to influence policy decisions and have a say in how funds are allocated and laws enacted. Effective lobbying involves communicating expertise to lawmakers through letters, emails, and meetings to provide information and request specific actions. While nurses have traditionally faced barriers to political involvement, organizing support around issues of public health can impact policy outcomes.
Lobbying involves attempting to influence the decisions of government officials, particularly legislators, on behalf of interest groups or individuals. It can take the form of direct lobbying of legislators or grassroots lobbying to influence public opinion. While lobbying is legal and an important part of the democratic process, there are also ethical concerns around issues like transparency, fairness, and serving the common good. Key issues include undisclosed conflicts of interest, unequal access to lawmakers, and ensuring lobbying ultimately serves the broader public rather than private or personal interests. Overall, lobbying exists in a gray area where the activities themselves are legal but can potentially cross ethical lines depending on the methods and motivations involved.
This document discusses electrical circuit components and connections. It mentions parallel and series resistor configurations as well as circuit diagrams showing resistors connected in parallel and series with positive and negative terminals. The document also repeats the title "Applied Electrical Technology 2" several times.
This visual shows Peter O'Toole's 8 Oscar nominations for Best Actor between 1962-2006 and provides information on who won the award instead and for what movie. It lists the years O'Toole was nominated, the movies he was nominated for, and on the left the person who won that year and the movie for which they won. No additional context is given about the movies or people.
Eagles are a protected species in China. However, their populations have declined sharply in recent decades due to habitat loss and poaching. Conservation groups are working to help the remaining eagle populations by protecting nesting areas, monitoring populations, and raising awareness about the importance of eagles in the Chinese ecosystem.
Website conceived, designed & written for Historic Green, non-profit organization dedicated to exploring the interface between sustainable design and historic preservation.
Are you looking for answers in a world that is spinning out of control? Are you looking for a predictable manageable christian life?
God has called us to embrace uncertainity and get in the game. The answers may very well be in the trails. How big is your God?
The Naval Legal Panel was established in 1964 in response to the Royal Commission into the collision of HMAS Voyager and HMAS Melbourne. It provides legal services and representation to the Royal Australian Navy. Over 40 years, the Panel has grown to over 40 members who serve as legal advisors, represent the Navy in courts martial and inquiries, and even deploy on naval vessels. Some members have gained naval experience prior to joining the bar. The Panel provides an important service to the Navy while also being a rewarding experience for its reservist members.
10 ways social media monitoring builds brands and drives salesMarketwired
Social media monitoring provides brands with insights into conversations, sentiment, and influencers across social networks and platforms. This allows brands to engage customers in real-time, identify issues and opportunities, measure performance, and manage crises. Specifically, social media monitoring enables brands to track discussions, understand sentiment, identify influencers, generate leads, provide customer service, measure return on investment, and gain competitive insights. The challenges include analyzing billions of conversations across many languages and networks with a high noise ratio, while the opportunities include real-time engagement, feedback, relationship building, and crisis management.
This document discusses two theories for why legal origin influences financial development:
1) The "political" channel argues that legal traditions differ in the priority they give to private property rights versus state power, and common law traditions better protect private contracting rights and financial development.
2) The "adaptability" channel holds that legal traditions differ in their ability to adapt efficiently to changing economic conditions, and common law systems can more flexibly evolve case-by-case while civil law systems rely more on statutory changes. The document assesses the empirical validity of these two channels influencing the relationship between legal origin and financial development.
This show is illustrates the tentative schedule for the 2013 OHS trip to visit our Sister school in Changzhou China. It shows highlights from the 2011 delegation's trip.
This document describes how to calculate the rotor frequency of a two-pole, 50 Hz induction motor with a rotor speed of 2850 rpm. It first finds the slip speed as 3000 rpm, then calculates the slip as 5%, and uses this to determine the rotor frequency is 2.5 Hz.
Overview of the History and Status of Teachers’ UnionsJeremy Knight
Teachers’ unions are a powerful force in local, state, and federal politics, but Janus vs. the American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) could change that. At the heart of this case is a key source of union revenue: agency fees.
Public sector unions, including teachers’ unions, collect revenue from the professionals they represent. From members, they collect membership dues that can be used for a wide range of activities, including political advocacy. In 22 states and D.C., unions can collect so-called “agency fees” from nonmembers. These fees are typically less than full membership dues and enable workers to opt out of supporting unions’ political activities while still supporting unions’ collective bargaining activities that benefit all workers.
If the Court overturns long-standing precedent and rules mandatory agency fees unconstitutional, it will likely have far-reaching effects on unions’ finances, and subsequently, on their power and influence. But to fully understand the potential effects of the Janus decision, it is necessary to first understand the history and current context in which teachers’ unions are operating. We created this slide deck to ensure that sector leaders, reporters, and commentators have a reliable resource to access this key information.
The deck begins with an overview of the history of public and private sector unions dating back to the early 1900s. It then provides a summary of the history and current status of teachers’ unions specifically: major successes related to collective bargaining, controversy and criticism surrounding their increasing political activities, and their response to the increasing accountability in federal education legislation. We then offer current data and information on the nation’s two largest teachers’ unions, including membership data, financial data, a description of their organizational structure and the services they provide, and an overview of recent activities including teacher strikes and walkouts. We conclude the deck by summarizing the Janus case and its potential impacts on teachers’ unions and offering questions yet to be answered about the future of teachers’ unions post-Janus.
This analysis offers an accurate and objective set of information to those wanting to inform their understanding of this historic case.
Labor laws change with every administration, and as an employer, keeping up to date is a necessary burden. G. Mark Jodon of Littler Mendelson discusses what has happened and what can be expected during President Obama's administration in terms of labor and employment legislative and executive initiatives. He explores the administration's priorities from both a regulatory and a legislative perspective.
International law regulates relations between sovereign states and between states and international organizations. While international law is primarily made through treaties between states, it can also affect other entities like corporations and individuals. International law differs from domestic law in that it lacks a supreme lawmaking body and compulsory enforcement mechanisms. However, states generally obey international law to promote stability and predictability in their relations. Major subjects of international law are states and international organizations, though other entities can also be recognized under international law depending on the circumstances. International law interacts with domestic law through various theories like monism, dualism, and harmonization.
The document provides an overview of key concepts in the Australian legal system. It discusses:
- Main topics covered in the course syllabus and resources available to students
- How laws evolve from traditions and values and aim to keep up with societal changes
- Distinctions between laws, rules, customs, and nation-states
- Characteristics of just laws and ensuring justice through fairness, equality, and access
- Philosophies like utilitarianism and libertarianism that influence the legal system
- Features needed to maintain the rule of law like separation of powers and an independent court system
The document summarizes the history of corporate personhood in the United States, including key Supreme Court cases. It discusses how the 1886 Santa Clara County ruling established that corporations have rights as persons, and how the 2010 Citizens United decision found that restricting corporate political spending violates free speech rights. The decision is controversial as critics argue unlimited corporate money in elections undermines democracy, while supporters see it as protecting free speech. Proposals to reverse the decision include a constitutional amendment or campaign finance reform.
Japanese system of dispute resolution from 2006 national surveyShiro Kashimura
After a brief introduction of the sociological perspective toward the phenomena of law, the presentation discusses some results of the national survey regarding trouble-experience and advice seeking in Japanese society, which was conducted in 2006. To better explain the observed varieties of remedy-seeking actions of individuals in terms of the problems in their lives, two models - Legalistic and Alternative - are considered. The slide was presented as a lecture in the series of 2014 Kobe University's Summer School of Asian Law and Dispute Management.
The document defines lobbying as attempting to influence government policy and legislation on behalf of a particular organization or special interest group. Lobbyists are people who try to influence legislation through advocacy and networking on behalf of their clients. Some of the most powerful lobbying groups in the US include the American Medical Association, American Hospital Association, National Education Association, and National Association of Manufacturers. The American Nurses Association lobbies Congress on key issues affecting nurses such as nurse staffing, overtime regulations, education funding, workplace safety, and immigration policy.
The document discusses the foundations of the American legal and political system. It focuses on social contract theory, which influenced the development of the US system. According to social contract theory, government is formed through an implicit agreement between citizens to protect natural rights in exchange for obedience to laws. The document also discusses checks and balances built into the US Constitution to limit government power, including separation of powers among the executive, legislative and judicial branches.
Nurses have a responsibility to advocate for healthcare policy that ensures high quality and affordable care for all. Lobbying is an important way for nurses to influence policy decisions and have a say in how funds are allocated and laws enacted. Effective lobbying involves communicating expertise to lawmakers through letters, emails, and meetings to provide information and request specific actions. While nurses have traditionally faced barriers to political involvement, organizing support around issues of public health can impact policy outcomes.
Lobbying involves attempting to influence the decisions of government officials, particularly legislators, on behalf of interest groups or individuals. It can take the form of direct lobbying of legislators or grassroots lobbying to influence public opinion. While lobbying is legal and an important part of the democratic process, there are also ethical concerns around issues like transparency, fairness, and serving the common good. Key issues include undisclosed conflicts of interest, unequal access to lawmakers, and ensuring lobbying ultimately serves the broader public rather than private or personal interests. Overall, lobbying exists in a gray area where the activities themselves are legal but can potentially cross ethical lines depending on the methods and motivations involved.
This document discusses electrical circuit components and connections. It mentions parallel and series resistor configurations as well as circuit diagrams showing resistors connected in parallel and series with positive and negative terminals. The document also repeats the title "Applied Electrical Technology 2" several times.
This visual shows Peter O'Toole's 8 Oscar nominations for Best Actor between 1962-2006 and provides information on who won the award instead and for what movie. It lists the years O'Toole was nominated, the movies he was nominated for, and on the left the person who won that year and the movie for which they won. No additional context is given about the movies or people.
Eagles are a protected species in China. However, their populations have declined sharply in recent decades due to habitat loss and poaching. Conservation groups are working to help the remaining eagle populations by protecting nesting areas, monitoring populations, and raising awareness about the importance of eagles in the Chinese ecosystem.
Website conceived, designed & written for Historic Green, non-profit organization dedicated to exploring the interface between sustainable design and historic preservation.
Are you looking for answers in a world that is spinning out of control? Are you looking for a predictable manageable christian life?
God has called us to embrace uncertainity and get in the game. The answers may very well be in the trails. How big is your God?
The Naval Legal Panel was established in 1964 in response to the Royal Commission into the collision of HMAS Voyager and HMAS Melbourne. It provides legal services and representation to the Royal Australian Navy. Over 40 years, the Panel has grown to over 40 members who serve as legal advisors, represent the Navy in courts martial and inquiries, and even deploy on naval vessels. Some members have gained naval experience prior to joining the bar. The Panel provides an important service to the Navy while also being a rewarding experience for its reservist members.
10 ways social media monitoring builds brands and drives salesMarketwired
Social media monitoring provides brands with insights into conversations, sentiment, and influencers across social networks and platforms. This allows brands to engage customers in real-time, identify issues and opportunities, measure performance, and manage crises. Specifically, social media monitoring enables brands to track discussions, understand sentiment, identify influencers, generate leads, provide customer service, measure return on investment, and gain competitive insights. The challenges include analyzing billions of conversations across many languages and networks with a high noise ratio, while the opportunities include real-time engagement, feedback, relationship building, and crisis management.
This document discusses two theories for why legal origin influences financial development:
1) The "political" channel argues that legal traditions differ in the priority they give to private property rights versus state power, and common law traditions better protect private contracting rights and financial development.
2) The "adaptability" channel holds that legal traditions differ in their ability to adapt efficiently to changing economic conditions, and common law systems can more flexibly evolve case-by-case while civil law systems rely more on statutory changes. The document assesses the empirical validity of these two channels influencing the relationship between legal origin and financial development.
This show is illustrates the tentative schedule for the 2013 OHS trip to visit our Sister school in Changzhou China. It shows highlights from the 2011 delegation's trip.
This document describes how to calculate the rotor frequency of a two-pole, 50 Hz induction motor with a rotor speed of 2850 rpm. It first finds the slip speed as 3000 rpm, then calculates the slip as 5%, and uses this to determine the rotor frequency is 2.5 Hz.
This document contains frequently asked questions (FAQs) about first4cover, a home insurance product. It covers questions in the following categories: about first4cover and the products offered; getting quotes; policy cover details like buildings, contents and personal items; documentation; payments; after sale support; system updates; and contact information. The FAQs provide concise answers to common questions potential customers and partners may have regarding first4cover's home insurance products and quoting/sales process.
This document provides an overview of career opportunities and benefits of working as a lawyer for the federal government. It includes interviews with several government attorneys who discuss their experiences. Some key benefits they cite include immediately getting hands-on experience, such as testifying in Congress after only a few months on the job. While salaries are generally less than the private sector, government attorneys say the work is more interesting and meaningful. The document provides tips and resources for law students and attorneys seeking federal legal careers.
Angels are created from light by Allah. Jinns are created from smokeless fire, while humans are created from clay. Angels obey Allah completely and do not rebel, while jinns have free will and can believe or disbelieve. Satan was a jinn, not an angel, who disobeyed Allah's command to prostrate before Adam.
This document describes a 48-foot non-expandable display trailer. The trailer is designed for transporting and displaying large exhibits, graphics, and displays. It has a large interior space for storage and transport without the ability to expand.
CitySt.Paul heinous Civil,Criminal,Constitutional Rights to Shut off Sharon Water, www.sharonanderson.org
then Steal Sharons Cars,Trailers,Propertys, but Theft,Trespass,Treason, must be abated,Damages Award
public defenders, who were paid by counties or cities; and
voluntary defender associations, which were private, nonprofit corporations.
But even in 1960, the vast majority of criminal cases involving indigent
defendants were handled by assigned counsel.
The fourth strand influencing legal rights organizations was the develop-
ment of social reform organizations emphasizing appellate litigation and class
action suits. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
(NAACP) Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc. (LDF) was established in 1940
to carryon a litigation program aimed at ending racial segregation and dis-
crimination. The LDF pioneered the use of class
Here are the solutions to the statistics problems:
6.14 - For a normal distribution, about 95% of the values fall within 1.96 standard deviations of the mean. Since we are sampling from a standard normal distribution with mean 0 and standard deviation 1, the smallest and largest Z values will be -1.96 and 1.96. The middle value, which is the 20th value out of 39 total values, will be close to 0.
6.19 - By constructing a normal probability plot, we can visually assess whether the data appear normally distributed by seeing if the points fall approximately along a straight line. If the points strongly deviate from a straight line pattern, the data are not normally distributed.
7
The document discusses the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire of 1911 in New York City, in which 146 people died. It focuses on one victim, Clotilde Terranova, a 19-year-old Italian immigrant who was working on the 10th floor when the fire broke out. The fire started from a discarded cigarette on the 8th floor and rapidly spread up the building due to flammable materials. Terranova was the only death on the 10th floor. The factory had unsafe conditions and the victims had no way to escape the fire.
Ap English Language And Composition 2014 Essay PromptsHeather White
The document provides instructions for students seeking writing help from the HelpWriting.net website. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete an order form with instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and choose one. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment. 5) Request revisions until satisfied, with the option of a full refund for plagiarized work.
This document provides a summary of the evolutionary history of law firms:
- In the 19th century, most law practices consisted of solo practitioners or small groups handling a variety of legal matters. Lawyers prepared documents and appeared in court while support staff handled clerical work.
- As businesses grew during the industrial revolution, larger law firms emerged to handle increasingly complex corporate legal needs. By the late 19th century, some firms had five or more lawyers.
- The role of lawyers also began changing as corporate legal work increased. While trial work was once dominant, more lawyers focused on other areas to support growing business clients. This accelerated the trend toward larger, specialized law firms.
Ancient Background, Old Paper Background, Book Background, ScrolLorri Bynes
The two stories portray women in a limited and stereotypical manner that was common at the time they were written but is now widely criticized. Both works explore how women's identities and sense of self are shaped by the men in their lives and societal expectations of their gender.
The document discusses what makes Americans united despite their differences. It notes that Americans come from many different backgrounds and have differing views, but that the Constitution aims to reconcile these differences by enshrining shared values and protecting individual freedoms. It emphasizes that what truly makes Americans united is how we accept and live with one another's differences. The ACLU works to ensure that the Constitution protects the rights and freedoms of all people.
The passage discusses the evolution of the American television family from the 1950s to present day. It examines how family stereotypes changed over time, from the perfect suburban families of the 1950s-60s (e.g. Leave it to Beaver, The Dick Van Dyke Show) to the more realistic portrayals of the 1970s-80s (e.g. All in the Family, The Wonder Years). The passage also questions whether television influenced society's views of family or vice versa.
Similar to Lessons Learned The History Of Continuing Legal Education And (9)
The Facts About Medical Malpractice In Rhode Islandlegal5
This document summarizes a report about medical malpractice in Rhode Island. It finds that:
1) Preventable medical errors cost Rhode Island residents $63-108 million annually in lives lost and healthcare costs, far exceeding the $21.6 million annual cost of malpractice insurance for doctors.
2) Malpractice payouts by Rhode Island doctors have decreased 21% from 1997-2001 when adjusted for inflation, and million-dollar payouts have remained flat, contradicting claims of a litigation crisis.
3) A small proportion of doctors are responsible for half of malpractice payouts, yet two-thirds of those with multiple payouts have not faced discipline, indicating a failure to adequately
1) The document appoints person (3) as the attorney-in-fact for person (1) to act on their behalf and do anything legally permissible.
2) This power of attorney will be in effect from the dated signed (6) until (5), or unless ended earlier by either party.
3) The document was signed by person (8) on (11) day of (12) in year (13) and notarized by person (15).
This document summarizes a presentation on medical malpractice for advanced practice providers. It discusses the key elements of a malpractice case, common complaints and conditions that lead to malpractice claims, and analyzes data from malpractice claims involving nurse practitioners. The top claims were related to failures to diagnose conditions like cancer, breast lumps, or myocardial infarctions. Common errors involved diagnosis, treatment, medications, and follow-up of test results. Case studies illustrate examples.
Medical Malpractice And Contract Disclosure A Study Of Thelegal5
This thesis examines how legal rules affect behavior in healthcare markets through the development of an economic model. The model predicts that mandatory disclosure of managed care organization (MCO) contracts to patients will result in higher rates of compliant treatment by physicians and lower rates of medical malpractice claims compared to when contracts are not disclosed. The model also analyzes how different medical malpractice damage rules impact treatment and litigation incentives. An empirical study uses medical malpractice insurance premium data from 1991-2001 to test several predictions of the model regarding the effects of disclosure laws and damage caps.
This document analyzes medical malpractice insurance rates over the past 30 years. It finds that:
1) Payouts by medical malpractice insurers have directly tracked medical inflation rates over the past 30 years, with costs being stable and virtually flat since the mid-1980s.
2) Insurance premiums charged to doctors do not correspond to changes in payouts. Rather, premiums rise and fall with the strength of the economy and insurers' ability to earn returns through investments.
3) The insurance industry undergoes economic cycles where it aggressively competes for premiums in soft markets but sharply increases rates and reduces coverage in hard markets, creating an appearance of liability "crises" to justify
Medical Malpractice Law In The United States Prepared For Thelegal5
This document provides an overview of medical malpractice law in the United States. It discusses key policy issues such as how the adequacy of care is evaluated through expert witnesses and screening panels, limits placed on damages awarded to plaintiffs, and statutes of limitations for bringing lawsuits. It also examines trends in malpractice claims including total dollars paid out, average payments per claim, and number of paid claims. Several newer proposals are outlined, such as patient compensation funds and aligning malpractice law with patient safety concerns.
The document discusses limitations in medical malpractice research due to issues with data availability and methodology. It notes that missing or inaccurate data from various sources like jury verdicts and insurance claims, as well as lack of standardized research methods, have led to inconsistent findings. The document describes efforts by researchers to address these weaknesses through improved data collection and more rigorous study designs in order to provide stronger evidence to guide policy solutions.
Medical Malpractice Law In The United States Reportlegal5
This document provides an overview of medical malpractice law in the United States. It discusses key policy issues such as how the adequacy of care is evaluated through expert witnesses and screening panels, limits placed on damages awarded to plaintiffs, and statutes of limitations for bringing lawsuits. It also examines trends in malpractice claims including rising costs and legislative reforms enacted by states to control costs such as capping non-economic damages and establishing alternative dispute resolution processes.
This document appoints an individual to make medical decisions on behalf of the principal if they become incapacitated. It outlines the representative's authority to consent to or refuse medical treatment. It also provides directives to withhold life-prolonging treatment if the principal is terminally ill or in a persistent vegetative state. Two witnesses are required and a notary public must verify the principal and witnesses' signatures.
Avoiding Malpractice Conflicts Of Interest In Bankruptcy ...legal5
This document discusses conflicts of interest that can arise in bankruptcy representations and the standards that attorneys must follow to avoid legal malpractice claims. It notes that conflicts of interest are one of the most common claims in malpractice cases, especially in bankruptcy. The document outlines the Model Rules of Professional Conduct, Texas Disciplinary Rules of Professional Conduct, and Bankruptcy Code Section 327 that provide standards for evaluating conflicts. It emphasizes that a conflicts analysis is highly fact-specific and examines factors like the identity of the client and potential duties to third parties that could create conflicts in bankruptcy cases.
The survey asked companies about their roles, industries, views on functional safety standards, experiences implementing the standards, and needs. Most respondents were from the chemicals industry and saw the standards as good practice, but faced challenges with costs, expertise, and understanding requirements. Respondents expressed interest in guidance on topics like SIL determination, reliability data, and compliance criteria to help with implementation.
Questions And Answers On Mediation Question 1 What Is Mediationlegal5
This document summarizes key questions and answers about the mediation process under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Mediation is a voluntary process that allows parties in a dispute over a child's special education to resolve issues confidentially with a neutral third party mediator. It offers an opportunity for resolution without a formal due process hearing. Mediation differs from a hearing in that it is less formal, confidential, and allows the parties to establish their own process and potential remedies rather than following strict hearing rules and remedies. The success of mediation relies on selecting an impartial mediator through an agreed upon process, with mediators having specialized training but no conflicts of interest with the school district.
Questions And Answers On Mediation Question What Is Mediation 1legal5
This document provides answers to 17 questions about mediation under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). It defines mediation as a voluntary process that brings parties with a dispute to confidentially discuss issues with a neutral third party mediator with the goal of resolving disputes in a written agreement. Key differences between mediation and due process hearings are outlined. The benefits of mediation include potentially lower costs and increased commitment to agreements from developing own remedies. Public agencies cannot require parents to participate in mediation, and mediation discussions are generally confidential.
This document provides an overview of wills and estate planning. It explains that a will is a legal document that outlines how a person wants their property distributed after their death. Key points covered include:
- What a will is and the different types of wills.
- The importance of appointing an executor to carry out the instructions in the will.
- What constitutes a person's estate and why it's important to have a will.
- When a will should be created and updated, such as after major life events like marriage or divorce.
- What happens if a person dies without a will, in which case intestacy laws determine how the estate is distributed.
The document proposes using conditional random fields (CRFs) to improve legal document summarization. CRFs are applied to segment legal documents into seven labeled rhetorical components. Feature sets are used to improve CRF performance. A term distribution model and structured domain knowledge are then used to extract key sentences for each rhetorical category. The resulting structured summary is found to be 80% accurate compared to ideal summaries generated by experts.
This document discusses legal issues related to cervical cancer screening and the NSW Pap Test Register. It is divided into seven parts that cover: the structure and principles of establishing liability; recruitment of women for screening; taking Pap smears; testing Pap smear slides; notifying women of results; managing women with abnormal results; and the operation of the Pap Test Register. The document provides an overview of common law responsibilities, statutory duties, and quality assurance requirements for health practitioners and laboratories involved in cervical screening.
Does Blair Answer The Question An Analysis Of His Performance Atlegal5
This research proposal aims to analyze Tony Blair's performance at Prime Minister's Questions (PMQs) since 1997 to determine if he adequately answers questions posed. The study will qualitatively analyze a sample of questions from Conservative and Liberal Democratic leaders to categorize Blair's responses. Data will be collected over time to identify trends in answering patterns, attacked topics, and whether Blair addresses issues raised. The main source is the Hansard record from 1988-present. Statistical analysis will quantify results to evaluate if Blair fails to answer questions as accused.
The document discusses distance legal education (DLE) and ways to lower barriers to its implementation. It defines different forms of DLE, from videoconferencing and web-based courses to using technologies like ClassCaster. Reasons DLE is interesting include allowing learning anywhere and serving more students. However, barriers include institutional resistance and technical challenges. The Center for Computer-Assisted Legal Instruction is working to share information and resources to promote DLE through research, training, and innovative tools.
This document provides a worksheet for individuals to fill out in order to provide all necessary information to draft their last will and testament. It includes fields for personal information, distribution of property and assets, provisions for minor children if applicable, naming an executor, exclusions, additional details, and modifications if an existing will needs updating. Upon completing all required fields marked with an asterisk, the information can be saved and sent to an attorney to draft the legal will document.
This document provides an overview of key legal issues related to podcasting, including copyright, publicity rights, and trademark law. It discusses when permission is needed to use various types of content, such as facts, public domain works, creative commons licensed content, and fair use of copyrighted material. The document also addresses distributing podcasts, using services, implied and explicit licenses, and finding "podsafe" content that is free from restrictions. The goal is to help podcasters understand major legal topics in a general way while disclaiming that the information does not constitute legal advice.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
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How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
B. Ed Syllabus for babasaheb ambedkar education university.pdf
Lessons Learned The History Of Continuing Legal Education And
1. Lessons Learned: The History of
Continuing Legal Education and
Experiences from Mandatory
Continuing Legal Education States
THE HISTORY OF MANDATORY
CONTINUING LEGAL EDUCATION IN
INDIANA
Robert H. Staton*
The birth of Mandatory Continuing Legal Education (“MCLE”) in
Indiana had serious complications. To begin, Indiana had no
organizational means or desire to commence a mandatory educational
program. Only seventeen state bar associations had mandatory legal
education programs when Indiana became the eighteenth state to
mandate continuing legal education in 1986.1 Organizational reluctance
to move ahead and the natural fight against change by the older
members of the Indiana Bar were quick to surface. The task of exposing
the obvious need for continuing education to the older and more
experienced practicing members of the bar was not easy, for several
* Judge, Indiana Court of Appeals. Judge Staton was the first editor of Res Gestae, the
official law journal of the Indiana State Bar Association. During his tenure at Res Gestae, he
contributed articles such as: Common Errors on Appeal, Indiana’s Underpaid Judges, and
Lawyer Specialization (a five part series). Additionally, as the Life Honorary Editor of the
Indiana Law Review, he published: Trial Advocate Competency, 13 IND. L. REV. 725 (1980);
Lawyer Specialization, 53 IND. L. J. 247 (1977–1978); and The History of the Court of Appeals of
Indiana, 30 IND. L. REV. 203 (1997).
Judge Staton was also the editor and contributing author of the Indiana Appellate
Practice Manual that was published by the Indiana Continuing Legal Education Forum in
1985. This manual was chosen by the United States Supreme Court as one of the most
outstanding in the United States. At a special ceremony attended by Judge Staton in
Washington, D.C., a copy of the manual was deposited in the library of the United States
Supreme Court at the personal request of Chief Justice Burger.
1 There are now forty states that have mandatory continuing legal education programs.
They are as follows: Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Delaware, Florida,
Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Minnesota,
Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New York, North
Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South
Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia,
Wisconsin, and Wyoming. See ABA Center for Continuing Legal Education, Summary of
MCLE State Requirements, http://www.abanet.org/cle/mcleview.html (last visited Jan. 2,
2006).
345
2. 346 VALPARAISO UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW [Vol. 40
reasons. One of these reasons was the fear that older members of the
practicing bar would be called upon to donate their time to teaching at
the seminars. An attorney’s time and advice are very valuable
commodities. They are the commodities he serves to the general public
for a fee. Embarking upon a mandatory continuing legal education
program led to a strong perception that older members of the practicing
bar would have to donate tons of their valuable time. However, these
attorneys were not the first members of the bar to debate the merits of an
MCLE requirement. The history of Mandatory Continuing Legal
Education in Indiana began thirty years before its delivery.
Fifty years ago, continuing legal education after law school was done
on the job. You joined a law firm where you became an apprentice and
learned at the elbow of an experienced partner. You did grunt work and
hit the books often to avoid sharp, hazardous twists and turns that were
not mentioned in law school. You also had the security of a member of
the firm to give you a nodding head of approval or a frown with a
shaking head to do it over. For those brave souls who were on their own
without a law firm backup, there existed a practicing bar that generally
gave a helping hand. Additionally, the sitting judges usually did not
have heavy calendars, allowing them the indulgence of helping a young,
struggling lawyer who lacked the necessary experience. For the most
part, it can be said that there was a friendly and benevolent acceptance of
new members of the bar by the older practicing bar. More often than
not, when the books did not provide a clear practical answer, a new
member of the bar received a helping hand offered by an older, more
experienced member of the bar or by a sitting judge. These older
attorneys were usually delighted to display their experience and
knowledge of the law. But later, the landscape started to change. The
need to obtain information became more immediate and urgent. Legal
problems became more involved with each passing legislative session
and the addition of new administrative bodies. The practice of law was
changing.
This creeping change in the practice of law could not be ignored for
long. In 1955, the Indiana State Bar Association conducted a search for
an executive secretary. It hired a capable former newspaper reporter of
the Indianapolis Star, Newton Goudy.2 He was not only a good
newspaper reporter, but he had developed a good relationship with
many members of the practicing bar. His newspaper responsibilities
2 Newton M. Goudy served as Executive Secretary of the Indiana State Bar Association
for thirteen years.
3. 2006] MCLE in Indiana 347
included covering the Indiana Legislature, which permitted him to
become familiar with the legislators and the legislation before the house
and the senate. It should be noted that this was a time when many of the
legislators in both houses were lawyers. Sadly, this is not the case today.
Without full time legislative bodies that pay adequate salaries to their
members, few lawyers can afford to participate in the legislative process
as elected representatives and senators.
Newton Goudy’s communication skills as a newspaperman surfaced
to the point of revolt when he was presented with the “Bulletin,” the
monthly newsletter of the Indiana Bar Association. The Bulletin was a
mimeographed, legal-size sheet of paper listing notices and activities of
bar association members. It was devoid of any articles that could qualify
as continuing legal education by today’s standards. As the new
Executive Secretary of the Indiana State Bar Association, Newton Goudy
demanded a change. At its last state meeting, the Association had
elected a new president, Thomas M. Scanlon. Scanlon felt the growing
size of the practice of law and the need for continuing legal education.3
He also recognized that the economy was growing in size and new
technology. Regulatory bodies were growing at an unheard of rate and
the less demanding days of the legal practice were slowly melting away.
Scanlon gave Newton Goudy his wish. He chose a young, inexperienced
lawyer to head a group of practicing lawyers who were assigned the task
of designing and naming a new “slick paper” and multi-colored
magazine.4 The general plan for the publication was to create a “slick”
multi-colored magazine which would not only serve the Indiana State
Bar Association and its members, but would also serve as a platform to
publish educational articles for the practicing bar. The hardworking
group of lawyers who organized and put the magazine together called it
Res Gestae. The first issue of the journal was published in November of
3 In 1960, it was estimated that over 3,000 attorneys would be admitted to the practice
of law in Indiana. This would amount to a thirty-three percent increase from the number
of attorneys admitted to practice law in 1948. Each year seemed to require more room to
admit the graduating class of lawyers. In 1955, the swearing-in took place in the Indiana
Supreme Court. This would be impossible in 2005. Today, the Convention Center in
Indianapolis is used to swear-in new members to the practicing bar. See generally Jack Lyle,
Indiana State Bar Association: A Century of Service to the Public and Profession, RES GESTAE,
Sept. 1996, at 8 (presenting a 100-year history of the Indiana State Bar Association).
4 The young, inexperienced lawyer is the author of this Article, Judge Robert H. Staton.
Although he had little experience as a practicing lawyer in 1955, he had published a
number of articles and had been an editor of a small newspaper. He became the first editor
of Res Gestae, the official law journal of the Indiana State Bar Association. He also
contributed articles such as: Common Errors on Appeal, Indiana’s Underpaid Judges, and
Lawyer Specialization (a series of five articles).
4. 348 VALPARAISO UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW [Vol. 40
1956. Res Gestae is still published today, and it continues to serve the
interests of the Indiana State Bar Association and its members.
The 1956 creation of Res Gestae was a beginning. The educational
articles that appeared in the magazine underscored the need for more of
their kind. At least a dozen seminars were organized and performed all
over Indiana. They were varied in subject matter, and they were usually
held at the local level. However, the idea of continuing legal education
had caught fire and was spreading to all parts of Indiana. The most
popular of these new seminars was the “Up-Date” seminar. It later
developed into a two-day seminar and covered at least twelve fields of
law. The Up-Date seminar owed its success in large part to the faculty
members of Indiana University School of Law-Indianapolis, Valparaiso
University School of Law, and Notre Dame School of law.5 Over half of
the seminar faculty came from members of the practicing bar. In 2004,
over 500 lawyers attended the two-day Up-Date seminar held at the
Convention Center in Indianapolis.
Several years after Res Gestae generated interest in continuing legal
education, the Indiana Bar Foundation recognized and endorsed the
principle of continuing education. Approximately a year later, on April
16, 1964, the Indiana Continuing Legal Education Forum (“ICLEF”) was
incorporated as an independent Indiana not-for-profit corporation.6 Its
co-sponsors were the Indiana Bar Foundation, the Indiana State Bar
Association, Indiana University School of Law-Indianapolis, Notre Dame
Law School, and Valparaiso University School of Law. From its
makeshift headquarters in the Banker’s Trust Building in Indianapolis, it
assisted the Indiana State Bar Association in preparing for the annual
spring and fall meetings. Several education programs were usually
presented at these meetings, and the participation of ICLEF in the
5 It would be impossible to list all of the faculty members who contributed so much.
However, a few that come immediately to my mind are: Professor Rosalie B. Levinson and
Professor Bruce G. Berner of Valparaiso University School of Law; Dean William F. Harvey,
Professor Lawrence A. Jegen, III, and Professor Henry C. Karison of Indiana University
School of Law; Kristin G. Fruehwald of Barnes & Thornburg, Indianapolis, IN; James A.
Buck, of Buck, Berry, Landau & Breunig, Indianapolis, IN; and Donald R. Lundberg,
Professional Responsibility, State House, Indiana Supreme Court. Over a period of twenty-
five years while I was Chairman, the full list of dedicated fellow lawyers would consume
too many pages of this Article, but they are all owed a great deal of gratitude and sincere
thanks for their contributions.
6 ICLEF was incorporated in accordance with and in pursuant to all Acts of the Indiana
General Assembly and operates exempt from Federal Income Tax under § 501(c)(3) of the
Internal Revenue Code. See generally Indiana Continuing Legal Education Forum,
http://www.iclef.org/index.htm (last visited Jan. 2, 2006).
5. 2006] MCLE in Indiana 349
preparation of these programs assured a greater degree of quality and
organization.7
The office and production facilities of ICLEF today are a far cry from
its humble beginnings.8 Its first home was the Bankers Trust Building in
Indianapolis, Indiana. Professor Edward W. Gass of Indiana University
School of Law was its first Director. Because of limited funds and
7 A list of these programs given from 1977 to 1987 at the several meetings of the Indiana
State Bar Association are as follows:
1977 Warren McGill Indiana Land Trust
1978 Fred Eichhorn, Jr. Crimes & Fines for Businesses
1978 Thomas W. Yoder Settlements
1979 Professor Lawrence Jegen Estate Planning & Administration in Indiana
1980 Thomas Singer Legal Malpractice
1980 Theodore Lockyear Proving & Disproving Fault in Auto Accidents
1981 Donald Buttrey Taxation & Dissolution of Marriage
1981 Robert Reynolds Counseling Indiana Businesses
1982 John Houghton Drafting Wills & Trust Agreements
1982 R. Stanley Lawton Trial Preparation & Discovery Controlling Times
& Cost
1983 William F. McNagny Damages—Their Nurture & Prevention
1983 Professor Lawrence Jegen Wills & Trusts, Threats to Security Interest,
Professional Corporation &
Professional Responsibility
1984 Louis Buddy Yosha Indiana Comparative Fault Act
1984 Thomas G. Jones Strategies for Representing the Routine
Negligence
1985 Hon. Robert H. Staton Indiana Law Update
1985 Leonard Eilbacher Indiana Workmen’s Compensation
1985 Richard Kammen O.V.W.I.—Two Years Later
1986 Robert F. Parker Auto Accident Non-Driver Liability
1986 John L. Carey Mergers & Acquisitions
1986 Constance J. Goodwin New Indiana Business Corporation Law
& Michael McCrory
1986 Gerald Cowan Basic Probating of an Estate
1986 Professor Henry Karlson Indiana Trial Notebook
& Marvin Mitchell
1987 Miles Gerberding Estate & Business Planning for Business Owners
& David Haist
1987 Robin Stickney Medicine for Lawyers
1987 William Wood Civil Trial Techniques
1987 Professor Lawrence Jegen Indiana Sales & Use Tax
1987 J. Brian Niederhauser Litigating Economic Issues in Dissolutions
This list is limited to the period before MCLE was adopted by Supreme Court Rule in 1986.
The list demonstrates the steady increase of seminars from 1977.
8 Today Thomas H. von Kamecke is the Executive Director of ICLEF and has done a
splendid job of keeping high quality seminars available. Jeff Lawson is the lubrication that
keeps the entire organization moving smoothly. I personally owe Tom and Jeff a debt of
gratitude for all their help and assistance over the years. Without their help and
dedication, Mandatory Continuing Legal Education could not have succeeded.
6. 350 VALPARAISO UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW [Vol. 40
facilities, he worked only part-time with a part-time staff of one, his
regular secretary. ICLEF participation in bar activities was necessarily
limited and brief. Later, Frederick R. Franklin took the helm of ICLEF
from 1965 to 1969. Carlyn E. Johnson filled the Director’s chair until the
appointment of Robert F. Lehman in 1970. This appointment and this
point in time were very important in the development of ICLEF as a
moving force toward the adoption of Mandatory Continuing Legal
Education. Three years after Robert F. Lehman’s appointment, several
important changes took place. The first and most substantial change was
the moving of all ICLEF operations to Indiana University School of Law
in Indianapolis.9 The second unexpected and fortuitous change was the
close liaison with the law school faculty. These changes gave impetus to
the ICLEF program to produce more seminars. It did.
In 1973, the increase in the number of seminars produced by ICLEF
gave rise to another welcome change: the appointment of a new full-
time Director, William P. Glynn III, five full-time employees, and two
part-time employees. A year later, ICLEF purchased audio/visual
equipment and began providing video taped replays of live seminars
given in various locations around the state. With this substantial growth
in the number of seminars available to the practicing bar and the
enhanced production capacity of ICLEF, it was only a matter of time
before a mandatory continuing legal education rule would become a
reality.
Later, with the appointment of Donald R. Canaday as the new ICLEF
Director, the production of legal seminars had expanded from two live
programs a year to twenty-five live programs a year plus eighty-four
video replays. Donald Canaday’s administrative excellence was
acknowledged by many of the law firms in Indianapolis. In 1983,
Donald Canaday left ICLEF and became the administrator for Jim
Harrison’s law firm in Indianapolis. James F. McCarthy subsequently
entered as his replacement.
James F. McCarthy had a propensity to purchase more equipment to
enhance the versatility of ICLEF. The purchase of a new offset printing
press was the first of a long line of supplementary equipment. Video
replays now covered virtually every seminar given in the state. The Up-
Date seminar enjoyed a heavy attendance along with the other seminars
9 In 1970, the Indiana University School of Law in Indianapolis was located at 735 West
New York Street. Today the law school is located across the street in a new building. The
former location of the law school is now occupied by the Herron School of Art and Design.
7. 2006] MCLE in Indiana 351
shown live or by video. Mr. McCarthy did not need any encouragement
to cooperate in promoting an MCLE program for Indiana. Such a
program would guarantee the continued success of ICLEF. It appeared
that now was a good time to unwrap the MCLE package. It was like
letting a genie out of the bottle. The dimensions of the program would
probably be similar to those other mandatory legal education states, but
they were all different in one way or another. Whatever configuration
the program would take in the first phase of its presentation to the
practicing bar was anyone’s guess. The final approval by the Indiana
Supreme Court would be even more problematic. It was time to find out
Almost thirty years had passed since the first publication of Res
Gestae in 1956. The idea of voluntary continuing legal education through
attending seminars had been accepted by many, but not all, members of
the practicing bar. In an attempt to assess the overall competency of the
practicing bar, a consortium of legal competency was proposed by the
President of the Indiana State Bar Association.10 Prior to this recognition
of a need to “test the waters” by assessing the overall level of
competency, the Indiana Supreme Court, led by Chief Justice Richard M.
Givan, had traveled over the entire State of Indiana and held district
meetings. All of the judges of the courts in the districts attended and
voiced their views on the merits of a mandatory continuing legal
education program. There was not complete agreement between
members of the supreme court during or after all of the district meetings.
There was considerable discussion regarding the expense of such a
program and what kind of a financial burden such a program would
place on average practicing attorneys. The court was well aware that a
lawyer’s time is money and taking time away from the office is an added
expense. In addition, it considered the potential travel to and from
seminars all over the state. If hundreds of miles were involved, would
overnight arrangements be necessary, and if so, would another day from
the office be required? How would lawyers ask questions of a video
presentation at a seminar? These practical considerations could not be
dismissed lightly. Attorney specialization was also looming on the
horizon. How would the mandatory legal education serve this segment
of the practicing bar? The supreme court decided to let the practicing
bar make a proposal for its consideration and approval.
10 Rabb Emison, who had been elected President of the Indiana Bar Association in 1986,
appointed the author, Judge Robert H. Staton, to be the Chairman of the Consortium. The
existence of the Consortium gave emphasis to the efforts already underway to establish
mandatory continuing legal education. There were still reluctant stragglers whose absence
from the seminars could not be ignored.
8. 352 VALPARAISO UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW [Vol. 40
In 1984, Ted B. Lewis was elected President of the Indiana State Bar
Association. He and the Board of Managers appointed a Task Force to
examine approximately seventeen states where mandatory continuing
legal education had been adopted and to formulate a proposed rule and
guidelines for the Association’s consideration. The members of the Task
Force were as follows:
Chairman Robert H. Staton, Judge, Indiana Court of
Appeals
Kent E. Agness, Esq., Barnes & Thornburg, Indianapolis,
IN
Dean Gerald Bepko, Indiana University School of Law,
Indianapolis, IN
Philip W. Brown, Esq., Brown, Brown & McQueen,
Shelbyville, IN
John L. Carroll, Esq., Johnson, Carroll & Griffith,
Evansville, IN
Clyde D. Compton, Esq., Hodges, Davis, Gruenberg,
Compton & Sayers, Merrillville, IN
John D. Walda, Esq., Barrett, Barrett & McNagny, Fort
Wayne, IN
James F. McCarthy, Sr., ex officio member and Secretary,
Indiana Continuing Legal Education Forum
After six meetings and numerous redrafts, a rough draft was submitted
at the 1985 Spring Meeting of the Indiana State Bar Association. The
rough draft was distributed to the members of the House of Delegates
for their comments and approval. Judge Staton advised the members of
the House of Delegates that if the rule was approved by the house of
delegates, it would be presented to the supreme court for its adoption.
After the rule was adopted, the draft of the proposed guidelines would
be adopted separately by the Commission on Mandatory Continuing
Legal Education.11
11 For the full text of the MCLE rule, see IND. ADMISSION & DISCIPLINE R. 29.
9. 2006] MCLE in Indiana 353
The House of Delegates approved the rule as submitted to them by
the Task Force. Later, the Indiana Supreme Court adopted Rule 29,
which provides for Mandatory Continuing Legal Education. Rule 29
was to become effective on October 1, 1986. Members of the Indiana Bar
were reminded that the special, one-time mandatory continuing legal
education assessment of ten dollars was to be paid to the Clerk of the
Indiana Supreme Court by January 2, 1987. The clerk mailed out a
billing to collect the ten dollars, which was start-up money to organize
the commission. Section four of Rule 29 provides for the creation of the
commission:
(a) Creation of the Commission. A commission to be
known as the Indiana Commission For Continuing Legal
Education is hereby created and shall have the powers
and duties hereinafter set forth. The commission shall
consist of eleven (11) Commissioners.
(b) Appointment of Commissioners and Executive Director.
All Commissioners and the Executive Director shall be
appointed by the Supreme Court.
(c) Diversity of Commissioners. It is generally desirable
that the Commissioners be selected from various
geographic areas and types of practices in order to
reflect the diversity of the Bar and consideration should
be given to the appointment of one (1) non-lawyer
public member. The three (3) geographic divisions used
for selecting judges for the Indiana Court of Appeals in
the First, Second and Third Districts may be used as a
model for achieving geographic diversity.
(d) Terms of Commissioners. Commissioners shall be
appointed for five (5) year terms. All terms shall
commence on January 1 and end on December 31. Any
Commissioner who has served for all or part of two
consecutive terms shall not be reappointed to the
Commission for at least three (3) consecutive years.12
The Indiana Supreme Court scheduled the swearing-in ceremonies
for the new commissioners for November 25, 1986. The commissioners
and their length of terms were as follows:
12 IND. ADMISSION & DISCIPLINE R. 29 § 4.
10. 354 VALPARAISO UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW [Vol. 40
Paul F. Arnold, Evansville, three years;
Hon. Sarah Evans Barker, U.S. District Court,
Indianapolis, one year;
C. Harvey Bradley, Jr., Eli Lily, Indianapolis, two years;
James E. Bourne, New Albany, two years;
Angelo A. Buoscio, Merrillville, two years;
Miles C. Gerberding, Fort Wayne, one year;
Hon. Gary K. McCarty, Union Circuit Court, Liberty,
one year;
David T. Ready, South Bend, three years;
Thomas L. Ryan, Lafayette, two years;
Hon. Robert H. Staton, Indiana Court of Appeals,
Indianapolis, three years; and
Richard J. Wood, Bedford, three years.
Judge Robert H. Staton of the Indiana Court of Appeals served as the
first Chairman of the commission and remained as Chairman for six
years. He insisted that a written record of the commission’s proceedings
be recorded by a court reporter so that the record might serve as a guide
for future commissions.
Although many important elements of the proposal on Mandatory
Continuing Legal Education are set forth in Rule 29, the rule does not
address all of the issues that have been considered by the Task Force on
Mandatory Continuing Legal Education. The Task Force assumed that
some issues should be the subject of continuing study by the
commission. The commission needed to have the flexibility to resolve
some of these issues after it gained experience in administering the rule.
Based on this reasoning, the Task Force divided its work into two
stages. The first stage focused on drafting a proposed rule containing
some essential elements of any proposed MCLE requirement. The
second stage focused on drafting guidelines that could be adopted by the
commission pursuant to section 6(g) of Rule 29. These guidelines
11. 2006] MCLE in Indiana 355
address matters that the Task Force thought appropriate for continuing
study and review by the commission.
The judgment of the Task Force on what should be included in the
rule was largely influenced by the views of the members of the bar. To
facilitate a discussion of these questions and to make clear that the
proposed division between rule and guidelines was tentative, the
guidelines were drafted so that portions could be transplanted to the
proposed rule if necessary.
Section 1 of the guidelines provides:
Authority and Publication of Guidelines.
These Guidelines have been adopted by the Commission
under Section 6(g) of the Rule in furtherance of the
efficient discharge of the Commission’s duties.
The Commission shall:
(a) file a copy of these guidelines with the Clerk;
(b) cause these guidelines to be published from time to
time as revised in a pamphlet or brochure along with the
full text of the Rule and any other materials deemed
useful by the Commission in assisting Attorneys, Judges
and Sponsors understand and comply with the Rule;
(c) cause these guidelines and the full text of the Rule to
be sent to the West Publishing Company of St. Paul,
Minnesota, with a request that they be published in the
Northeast Reporter; and
(d) cause these guidelines and the full text of the Rule to
be sent to the Editors of Res Gestae with a request that
they be published.13
The Task Force did an excellent job preparing the commission for the
number of sponsors requesting accreditation.14 Accreditation by the
13 IND. ADMISSION & DISCIPLINE R. 29, Mandatory Continuing Legal Education
Guidelines.
14 The following is a list of the ninety-five sponsors requesting accreditation by the
Commission in the early months of its existence:
Air Force Judge Advocate General’s School
12. 356 VALPARAISO UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW [Vol. 40
Alabama Institute for Continuing Legal Education
ALI ABA
Allen County Bar Association
American Bar Association
American College of Probate Counsel
American College of Trial Lawyers
American Corporate Counsel Association
American Judicial Academy
Arkansas ICLE
Association of Trial Lawyers of America
California Continuing Legal Education of the Car
CLE in Colorado, Inc.
Defense Research Institute
Eastern States Mineral Law Foundation
Federal Bar Association
(The) Florida Bar, Continuing Legal Education Programs
Georgetown University School of Law
Harvard School of Law
Hawaii Institute of Continuing Legal Education
Idaho State Bar
Indiana Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers
Indiana Chapter, American College of Probate Counsel
Indiana Continuing Legal Education Forum
Indiana Defense Lawyers Association
Indiana Judicial Institute
Indiana Society of Certified Public Accountants
Indiana Trial Lawyers Association Indiana University School of Law, Bloomington
Indiana University School of Law, Indianapolis
Indianapolis Bar Association
Institute of Continuing Judicial Education
Institute of Continuing Legal Education in Georgia
Illinois Institute for Continuing Legal Education
Judge Advocate General School/Army
Kansas Bar Association, CLE
Kentucky Bar Association, CLE
Maine State Bar Association, CLE
Maryland Institute for Continuing Professional Education of Lawyers, Inc.
Massachusetts CLE
(The) Missouri Bar Center
Minnesota State Bar Association, CLE
National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers
National Association of District Attorneys
National Bar Association, CLE
National Defense College
National Institute for Trial Advocacy National Judicial College
National Judicial College
Naval Justice School
Nebraska CLE Incorporated
New Hampshire Bar Association, CLE
New Jersey Institute for CLE
New York State Bar Association, CLE
New York University School of Continuing Education in Law & Taxation
13. 2006] MCLE in Indiana 357
commission did not mean that just any seminar program suggested
would be approved. Each proposed seminar had to be approved by the
commission. This review policy resulted in the refusal of many
proposed seminars. The commission had to be convinced that the
proposed seminar would be practical, reasonable in length, affordable,
and presented live by a qualified panel. An executive committee was
appointed by the Chairman to review incoming proposed seminars. If
New York University School of Law
Notre Dame University School of Law
Northwestern University School of Law
Ohio Legal Center Institute
Oklahoma Bar Association, CLE
Oregon State Bar Association, CLE
Pennsylvania Bar Institution
Practicing Law Institute
Professional Education Group, Inc.
Professional Education Systems, Inc.
Rhode Island Law Institute
Rocky Mountain Mineral Law Foundation
Saint Joseph County Bar Association
South Carolina Bar Association
Southern Methodist University School of Law
State Bar of Arizona, CLE
State Bar of Mississippi, CLE
State Bar of Montana, CLE
State Bar of New Hampshire, CLE
State Bar of New Mexico, CLE
State Bar of Nebraska, CLE
State Bar of Nevada, CLE
State Bar Association of North Dakota, CLE
State Bar Association of South Dakota, CLE
State Bar Of Texas, CLE
State Bar of Wisconsin, CLE
Tennessee Bar Association, CLE
United States Department of Justice, Office of Legal Education
University of Colorado, Boulder School of Law
University of Connecticut School of Law/ Connecticut Bar Association, CLE
University of Kentucky College of Law
University of Louisville School of Law
University of Miami School of Law
University of Michigan Institute of Continuing Legal Education
University of Virginia School of Law
Utah State Bar and CLE
Valparaiso University School of Law
Vanderberg County Bar Association CLE
Vermont Bar Association, CLE
Washington State Bar Association, CLE
West Virginia State Bar/West Virginia Continuing Legal Education
See Official Mandatory Continuing Legal Education Records (on file with the Commission
on Mandatory Continuing Legal Education).
14. 358 VALPARAISO UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW [Vol. 40
the executive committee rejected a proposed seminar, the certified
sponsor could appeal to the full commission. This procedure took a
considerable amount of time, but it was necessary to keep high
standards and make Mandatory Continuing Legal Education in Indiana
a success.
This Article is a mere thumbnail sketch of the “birth” and
development of MCLE in Indiana. From the beginning of the very first
meeting of the commission, a very careful record was made. Judge
Staton insisted on having a court reporter present so that future
commissioners could review the action taken by the commission on
situations requiring commission action. Indiana can be proud of its
MCLE program. In the September, 1996, issue of Res Gestae celebrating
the centennial of service by the Indiana Bar to the public, the former
presidents of the Indiana State Bar Association recognized the
Mandatory Continuing Legal Education Rule as an important
advancement for the practice of law.15 Robb Emison, 1986-87 Indiana
State Bar Association President, noted: “During my term, mandatory
continuing legal education was begun. Judge Staton, among others,
deserve credit for that.”16
As we celebrate the twentieth anniversary of Mandatory Continuing
Legal Education, new technology offers even further refinement in the
delivery and convenience of educational programs. Travel time to
meetings and the compliance with pre-scheduled programs are
becoming less of an inconvenience. Continuing legal education is on any
lawyer’s office computer, which provides accessibility to many
subjects.17
Continuing legal education for the practicing bar started to appear
fifty years ago in 1955. In 1986, it came of age and was made mandatory.
Specialization and advancing technology require further changes. The
practice of law and the general public will be better served by the
changes ahead.
15 See generally RES GESTAE, Sept. 1996.
16 Thomas M. Scanlon, et al., Past Presidents Reflect on Their Years of Service, RES GESTAE,
Sept. 1996, at 42, 51.
17 The following website should be added to your address book: westlegaledcenter.com.