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Rock candy
Announcements
●
Attendance
●
Sign up on Connect. First assignment due at 8pm
on next Monday.
●
PS1 due next Thursday.
●
Postlab (Expt 4, 5) and prelab (Expt 6) due next
Friday.
●
Evac route, campus safety goo.gl/lx8WTF
●
Fire extinguishers, goo.gl/1iC7VM
Systematic Approach to Solving Chemistry Problems
• State Problem
• Plan
• Solution
• Check
• Comment
• Follow-up Problem
Clarify the known and unknown.
Lay out the steps from known to unknown.
Prepare a visual summary of steps
that includes conversion factors,
equations, known variables.
Sample Problem 1.8 Converting Units of Temperature
PROBLEM: A child has a body temperature of 38.7°C, and normal body
temperature is 98.6°F. Does the child have a fever? What is
the child’s temperature in kelvins?
PLAN
:
We have to convert °C to °F to find out if the child has a fever.
We can then use the °C to Kelvin relationship to find the
temperature in Kelvin.
SOLUTION:
Converting from °C to °F
9
5
(38.7 °C) + 32 = 101.7 °F
Converting from °C to K 38.7 °C + 273.15 = 311.8 K
Yes, the child has a fever.
How Many Ribosomes can Dance
on the Tip of a Hair?
●
Ribosome: a ball-
shaped protein with a
5 nano-meter radius
●
A strand of human
hair is about 10.
micro-meter thick
Q: Roughly how many
ribosomes can stand
on the tip of a hair?
How many football
stadiums do we need to
fit that number of
people?
Sample Problem 1.7 Calculating Density from Mass and Length
PROBLEM: Lithium, a soft, gray solid with the lowest density of any
metal, is a key component of laptop and smartphone
batteries. A slab of lithium weighs 1.49 x 103
mg and has
sides that are 20.9 mm by 11.1 mm by 11.9 mm. Find the
density of lithium in g/cm3
.
PLAN: Density is expressed in g/cm3
so we need the mass in g and
the volume in cm3
.
10 mm = 1 cm
divide mass by volume
Lengths (mm) of sides
Lengths (cm) of sidesMass (mg) of Li
Mass (g) of Li
103
mg = 1 g
Volume (cm3
)
multiply lengths
Density (g/cm3
) of Li
Sample Problem 1.7
SOLUTION:
Similarly the other sides will be 1.11 cm and 1.19 cm, respectively.
Volume = 2.09 cm x 1.11 cm x 1.19 cm = 2.76 cm3
= 0.540 g/cm3
= 1.49 g1.49 x 103
mg x
10-3
g
1 mg
= 2.09 cm20.9 mm x
1 cm
10 mm
Density of Li =
1.49 g
2.76 cm3
A blast from the past
●
Suppose 20.% of the asteroid turned to dust
and spread uniformly over the Earth surface, the
dust amounted to 0.02 g per cm^2 on the
surface, and the asteroid had a density of 2
g/cm^3. Estimate the radius of the asteroid in
miles.
●
Assume the Earth is a sphere with radius 6400
kilometers
●
From J. Harte, Consider a Spherical Cow
Learning goals
●
Give a chemical definition of element, and comment on the
distinction between the terms atom and element.
●
Describe, in your own words, the Laws of Chemical Change:
mass conservation, constant composition, and multiple
proportions.
●
Explain how these laws follow from Dalton's atomic theory.
Learning goals
●
Describe Rutherford's alpha-ray scattering experiment and how it led to the
present model of the atom.
●
Define atomic number and mass number, and explain the relation between
them.
●
Define isotope, and write the symbol for an atom of a given element and
given number of neutrons.
●
Explain the purpose of a mass spectrometer and its general principle of
operation.
●
Describe the atomic weight scale.
●
Find the molecular weight or formula weight from a chemical formula.
●
Define the unified atomic mass unit, and write out the mass numbers of the
proton, neutron, and electron.
Lab 2 agenda
Watch the safety video
Watch the pipet video
Assign lockers
Safety quiz hand-in
Equipment list hand-in
How to use a spreadsheet program

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Lessonplan2

  • 2. Announcements ● Attendance ● Sign up on Connect. First assignment due at 8pm on next Monday. ● PS1 due next Thursday. ● Postlab (Expt 4, 5) and prelab (Expt 6) due next Friday. ● Evac route, campus safety goo.gl/lx8WTF ● Fire extinguishers, goo.gl/1iC7VM
  • 3. Systematic Approach to Solving Chemistry Problems • State Problem • Plan • Solution • Check • Comment • Follow-up Problem Clarify the known and unknown. Lay out the steps from known to unknown. Prepare a visual summary of steps that includes conversion factors, equations, known variables.
  • 4. Sample Problem 1.8 Converting Units of Temperature PROBLEM: A child has a body temperature of 38.7°C, and normal body temperature is 98.6°F. Does the child have a fever? What is the child’s temperature in kelvins? PLAN : We have to convert °C to °F to find out if the child has a fever. We can then use the °C to Kelvin relationship to find the temperature in Kelvin. SOLUTION: Converting from °C to °F 9 5 (38.7 °C) + 32 = 101.7 °F Converting from °C to K 38.7 °C + 273.15 = 311.8 K Yes, the child has a fever.
  • 5. How Many Ribosomes can Dance on the Tip of a Hair? ● Ribosome: a ball- shaped protein with a 5 nano-meter radius ● A strand of human hair is about 10. micro-meter thick Q: Roughly how many ribosomes can stand on the tip of a hair? How many football stadiums do we need to fit that number of people?
  • 6. Sample Problem 1.7 Calculating Density from Mass and Length PROBLEM: Lithium, a soft, gray solid with the lowest density of any metal, is a key component of laptop and smartphone batteries. A slab of lithium weighs 1.49 x 103 mg and has sides that are 20.9 mm by 11.1 mm by 11.9 mm. Find the density of lithium in g/cm3 . PLAN: Density is expressed in g/cm3 so we need the mass in g and the volume in cm3 . 10 mm = 1 cm divide mass by volume Lengths (mm) of sides Lengths (cm) of sidesMass (mg) of Li Mass (g) of Li 103 mg = 1 g Volume (cm3 ) multiply lengths Density (g/cm3 ) of Li
  • 7. Sample Problem 1.7 SOLUTION: Similarly the other sides will be 1.11 cm and 1.19 cm, respectively. Volume = 2.09 cm x 1.11 cm x 1.19 cm = 2.76 cm3 = 0.540 g/cm3 = 1.49 g1.49 x 103 mg x 10-3 g 1 mg = 2.09 cm20.9 mm x 1 cm 10 mm Density of Li = 1.49 g 2.76 cm3
  • 8. A blast from the past ● Suppose 20.% of the asteroid turned to dust and spread uniformly over the Earth surface, the dust amounted to 0.02 g per cm^2 on the surface, and the asteroid had a density of 2 g/cm^3. Estimate the radius of the asteroid in miles. ● Assume the Earth is a sphere with radius 6400 kilometers ● From J. Harte, Consider a Spherical Cow
  • 9. Learning goals ● Give a chemical definition of element, and comment on the distinction between the terms atom and element. ● Describe, in your own words, the Laws of Chemical Change: mass conservation, constant composition, and multiple proportions. ● Explain how these laws follow from Dalton's atomic theory.
  • 10. Learning goals ● Describe Rutherford's alpha-ray scattering experiment and how it led to the present model of the atom. ● Define atomic number and mass number, and explain the relation between them. ● Define isotope, and write the symbol for an atom of a given element and given number of neutrons. ● Explain the purpose of a mass spectrometer and its general principle of operation. ● Describe the atomic weight scale. ● Find the molecular weight or formula weight from a chemical formula. ● Define the unified atomic mass unit, and write out the mass numbers of the proton, neutron, and electron.
  • 11. Lab 2 agenda Watch the safety video Watch the pipet video Assign lockers Safety quiz hand-in Equipment list hand-in How to use a spreadsheet program