Here are 5 research topics with the appropriate quantitative research design identified:
Research Topic Research Design
1. Examining the relationship between study time and exam scores of college students. Correlational
2. Determining the effect of a new teaching method on student performance. Quasi-experimental
3. Describing stress levels among nursing students throughout their program of study. Descriptive
4. Comparing graduation rates between public and private high schools. Comparative
5. Investigating the impact of an exercise intervention on depression symptoms. True experimental
The document provides an overview of research design, including:
1. Research design involves planning how a study will be conducted to answer research questions and control variance. It specifies data sources, approaches, and time/cost budgets.
2. Key concepts in research design include independent and dependent variables, control of extraneous variables, and experimental and control groups.
3. There are different types of research design including exploratory, causal, descriptive, and experimental designs. Experimental designs further include pre-experimental, true experimental, and quasi-experimental approaches.
The document discusses research design, which is the plan or blueprint for how a research study will be conducted. It involves determining what questions the research aims to answer, what type of data is needed, where to find that data, and how to analyze results. The key aspects of research design discussed include variables, hypotheses, experimental and control groups, and treatments. Different types of research design are also outlined, such as exploratory, causal, descriptive, and experimental designs. Experimental design specifically aims to determine cause-and-effect relationships between variables.
The document provides an overview of research design, including:
1. Research design involves planning how a study will be conducted to answer research questions and control variance. It specifies data sources, approaches, and time/cost budgets.
2. Key concepts in research design include independent and dependent variables, control of extraneous variables, and experimental and control groups.
3. Common types of research design are exploratory, causal, descriptive, and experimental designs. Experimental designs manipulate independent variables to measure their effects on dependent variables.
This document discusses several scientific research methods:
- Conceptual and empirical research methods, with conceptual focusing on developing theories and empirical using observation and experimentation.
- Micro-genetic research examines the process of learning over time through dense observations.
- Single-subject research examines the effect of an intervention on an individual over time rather than averaging group results.
- Mixed methods research integrates both quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis to examine a phenomenon from multiple perspectives.
This document provides an introduction and overview of key concepts in research methodology. It discusses:
- The meaning of research as a systematic, objective search for knowledge.
- The main objectives of research as exploration, description, diagnosis, and hypothesis testing.
- Characteristics of good research such as being purposeful, employing careful procedures, and presenting findings clearly.
- Common types of research including descriptive, analytical, applied, fundamental, quantitative, qualitative, conceptual, and empirical.
Quantitative research focuses on collecting numerical or measurable data to explain phenomena or generalize results across groups of people. The main purposes of quantitative research are to quantify variables, examine relationships between variables, and determine cause-and-effect interactions. Quantitative research uses tools like questionnaires, surveys, and other structured instruments to collect large amounts of numerical data from representative samples. Common types of quantitative research include experimental, descriptive, correlational, comparative, and ex-post facto designs. The methodology of quantitative research follows the scientific method to form hypotheses and use statistical analysis to prove or disprove hypotheses.
The document discusses different types of research methods. It defines research as a systematic, scientific effort to gain new knowledge through processes like defining problems, formulating hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, making deductions, and testing conclusions. Quantitative research is based on measurement and is suited for phenomena that can be expressed numerically using methods like surveys and statistical analysis. Qualitative research seeks in-depth understanding through naturalistic inquiry and methods like interviews. Experimental research strictly follows the scientific method to test hypotheses and determine causal relationships between variables. Nonexperimental research lacks manipulation of variables or random assignment.
This document discusses research design and sampling. It begins with an introduction to research design, noting that a research design specifies the objectives, methodology, and analysis plan of a study. It then discusses the needs and characteristics of a good research design, including components like independent and dependent variables. The document outlines different types of research designs such as experimental, observational, diagnostic, and exploratory designs. It concludes by discussing sampling, including the purpose and advantages of sampling as well as types of sampling methods.
The document provides an overview of research design, including:
1. Research design involves planning how a study will be conducted to answer research questions and control variance. It specifies data sources, approaches, and time/cost budgets.
2. Key concepts in research design include independent and dependent variables, control of extraneous variables, and experimental and control groups.
3. There are different types of research design including exploratory, causal, descriptive, and experimental designs. Experimental designs further include pre-experimental, true experimental, and quasi-experimental approaches.
The document discusses research design, which is the plan or blueprint for how a research study will be conducted. It involves determining what questions the research aims to answer, what type of data is needed, where to find that data, and how to analyze results. The key aspects of research design discussed include variables, hypotheses, experimental and control groups, and treatments. Different types of research design are also outlined, such as exploratory, causal, descriptive, and experimental designs. Experimental design specifically aims to determine cause-and-effect relationships between variables.
The document provides an overview of research design, including:
1. Research design involves planning how a study will be conducted to answer research questions and control variance. It specifies data sources, approaches, and time/cost budgets.
2. Key concepts in research design include independent and dependent variables, control of extraneous variables, and experimental and control groups.
3. Common types of research design are exploratory, causal, descriptive, and experimental designs. Experimental designs manipulate independent variables to measure their effects on dependent variables.
This document discusses several scientific research methods:
- Conceptual and empirical research methods, with conceptual focusing on developing theories and empirical using observation and experimentation.
- Micro-genetic research examines the process of learning over time through dense observations.
- Single-subject research examines the effect of an intervention on an individual over time rather than averaging group results.
- Mixed methods research integrates both quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis to examine a phenomenon from multiple perspectives.
This document provides an introduction and overview of key concepts in research methodology. It discusses:
- The meaning of research as a systematic, objective search for knowledge.
- The main objectives of research as exploration, description, diagnosis, and hypothesis testing.
- Characteristics of good research such as being purposeful, employing careful procedures, and presenting findings clearly.
- Common types of research including descriptive, analytical, applied, fundamental, quantitative, qualitative, conceptual, and empirical.
Quantitative research focuses on collecting numerical or measurable data to explain phenomena or generalize results across groups of people. The main purposes of quantitative research are to quantify variables, examine relationships between variables, and determine cause-and-effect interactions. Quantitative research uses tools like questionnaires, surveys, and other structured instruments to collect large amounts of numerical data from representative samples. Common types of quantitative research include experimental, descriptive, correlational, comparative, and ex-post facto designs. The methodology of quantitative research follows the scientific method to form hypotheses and use statistical analysis to prove or disprove hypotheses.
The document discusses different types of research methods. It defines research as a systematic, scientific effort to gain new knowledge through processes like defining problems, formulating hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, making deductions, and testing conclusions. Quantitative research is based on measurement and is suited for phenomena that can be expressed numerically using methods like surveys and statistical analysis. Qualitative research seeks in-depth understanding through naturalistic inquiry and methods like interviews. Experimental research strictly follows the scientific method to test hypotheses and determine causal relationships between variables. Nonexperimental research lacks manipulation of variables or random assignment.
This document discusses research design and sampling. It begins with an introduction to research design, noting that a research design specifies the objectives, methodology, and analysis plan of a study. It then discusses the needs and characteristics of a good research design, including components like independent and dependent variables. The document outlines different types of research designs such as experimental, observational, diagnostic, and exploratory designs. It concludes by discussing sampling, including the purpose and advantages of sampling as well as types of sampling methods.
: A Research design is a logical and systemic plan prepared for directing research. It specifies the objectives of the study, the methodology and techniques to be adopted for achieving the objectives. It constitutes the blue print for the collection, measurement and analysis of data. It is the plan, structure and strategy of investigation conceived so as to obtain answers to research questions. A research design is the program that guides the investigator in the process of collecting, analyzing and interpreting observations.
This document provides an introduction and overview of research methodology. It discusses key concepts such as the meaning of research, objectives of research, characteristics of research, types of research approaches, and the research process. The research process involves formulating the research problem, conducting a literature review, developing hypotheses, preparing a research design, collecting and analyzing data, testing hypotheses, and reporting results. It also distinguishes between research methods, which are techniques for collecting data, and research methodology, which considers the logic and procedures of the research approach.
The document provides an introduction to research methodology. It discusses key concepts such as the meaning of research, objectives of research, characteristics of research, research motivations, types of research including descriptive vs analytical and quantitative vs qualitative, and significance of research. It also covers the difference between research methods and methodology. The research process involves formulating the research problem, literature survey, developing hypotheses, research design, sampling, data collection, analysis, testing hypotheses, and reporting results.
This document provides an introduction to research methodology. It discusses key topics such as the meaning of research, objectives of research, characteristics of research, types of research including descriptive vs analytical and quantitative vs qualitative, and research approaches. The types of research covered include conceptual vs empirical, one-time vs longitudinal vs historical vs diagnostic vs experimental vs exploratory. The document is presented by Dr. G. Praveen Kumar and serves as an overview to research methodology concepts.
This document provides an introduction and overview of research methodology. It discusses key concepts such as the meaning of research, objectives of research, characteristics of research, types of research approaches, and the research process. The research process involves formulating the research problem, conducting a literature review, developing hypotheses, preparing a research design, collecting and analyzing data, testing hypotheses, and reporting results. It also distinguishes between research methods, which are techniques for collecting data, and research methodology, which considers the logic and procedures of the research approach.
The document provides an introduction to research methodology. It discusses key concepts such as the meaning of research, objectives of research, characteristics of research, research motivations, types of research including descriptive vs analytical and quantitative vs qualitative, and significance of research. It also covers the difference between research methods and methodology. The research process involves formulating the research problem, literature survey, developing hypotheses, research design, sampling, data collection, analysis, testing hypotheses, and reporting results.
The document provides an introduction to research methodology. It discusses key concepts such as the meaning of research, objectives of research, characteristics of research, research motivations, types of research including descriptive vs analytical and quantitative vs qualitative, and significance of research. It also covers the difference between research methods and methodology. The research process involves formulating the research problem, conducting a literature review, developing hypotheses, preparing a research design, collecting and analyzing data, testing hypotheses, and reporting results.
This document provides an introduction to research methodology. It discusses key topics such as the meaning of research, objectives of research, characteristics of research, types of research including descriptive vs analytical and quantitative vs qualitative, and research approaches. The document is presented by Dr. G. Praveen Kumar and consists of unit 1 of the research methodology content, covering fundamental concepts and laying the groundwork for further units.
This document provides an introduction and overview of research methodology. It discusses key concepts like the meaning of research, objectives of research, characteristics of research, research motivations, types of research including descriptive vs analytical and quantitative vs qualitative, and significance of research. It also describes the difference between research methods and methodology. The document outlines the typical research process which includes formulating the problem, literature review, developing hypotheses, research design, sampling, data collection, analysis, testing, and reporting.
Solving research problem_3539ce35db1215c11a780b1712d47e46Kæsy Chaudhari
1. The document discusses research design, which is a plan for conducting research to answer questions or solve problems. It outlines the steps, methods, and strategies used to collect and analyze data.
2. Research design provides answers to questions like what is being studied, why it's being studied, where and when data will be collected, what techniques and sources will be used, and how results will be analyzed and reported.
3. Different types of research designs are explored, including those for exploratory, descriptive, diagnostic, and hypothesis-testing studies. Key concepts discussed include variables, hypotheses, experimental setup, and treatments.
The document discusses research methods and processes. It defines research as a systematic, controlled, empirical investigation to discover facts and test hypotheses. The key steps in research include:
1) Identifying a research problem or question.
2) Conducting a literature review to understand previous work.
3) Formulating hypotheses to guide the research.
4) Developing a research design that specifies procedures like sampling, data collection and analysis.
5) Collecting both primary and secondary data according to the research design.
6) Analyzing the data and drawing conclusions about the hypotheses.
The document covers different research types and methods used in conducting systematic studies.
The document discusses key concepts related to research including research projects, topics, proposals, problems, objectives, hypotheses, methodology, design, and limitations. It notes that a research project uses scientific methods to achieve defined objectives, such as testing or creating new knowledge. Choosing a research topic is an ongoing process of exploring, defining, and refining ideas on a subject that is narrow yet allows finding adequate information. A research proposal explains what is being researched, why, and how through a structured formal document. Research design broadly outlines the total pattern of conducting a research project including objectives, methods, and outcomes. Marketing research systematically gathers and analyzes qualitative and quantitative data about issues relating to marketing products and services.
The document discusses research design and provides definitions and examples of different types of research designs. It covers the key elements of research design including purpose, type of study, measurement, unit of analysis, and time horizon. It also distinguishes between quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods approaches. Specific research designs like experiments, surveys, case studies, and action research are described in terms of their focus, characteristics, and strengths/limitations.
The document provides an overview of different types of research designs including experimental, quasi-experimental, ex-post facto, correlational, and their key features. Experimental designs aim to test hypotheses and establish causation through random assignment and manipulation of independent variables. Quasi-experimental designs are similar but do not use random assignment. Ex-post facto designs examine causes of effects that have already occurred. Correlational designs measure relationships between non-manipulated variables. Different designs have advantages for different research questions depending on feasibility and need for control.
This document discusses research design and methods for collecting data. It begins by defining a research design as the conceptual structure for conducting research that aims to balance relevance and economy. The key components of a research design are then outlined, including the research problem, data collection procedures, population, and data analysis methods. The document also discusses types of research designs such as exploratory, descriptive, and experimental designs. It provides details on methods for collecting primary data, such as experiments, surveys, observation, and interviews. Secondary data collection from published sources is also mentioned.
Quantitative research uses numbers and statistics to generalize findings about problems or inquiries. It employs standardized instruments to collect measurable data from large samples, which are then statistically analyzed to determine relationships between variables. There are experimental designs that manipulate variables and non-experimental designs that observe phenomena naturally. Common quantitative methods include surveys, correlations, experiments, ex post facto studies, comparisons, evaluations, and methodological designs.
This document provides an overview of various research methods and designs. It defines key concepts like research method, approach, design, and functions of research design. It also explains different types of research designs including experimental, non-experimental, qualitative designs like case study, grounded theory, phenomenology, ethnography, and mixed methods. Specific designs like action research, causal-comparative, correlational, descriptive, developmental, historical, quasi-experimental are also defined along with their characteristics and examples. Factors to consider in research design like number of contacts, reference period, nature of investigation are also outlined.
This document outlines the key aspects of research including: defining research as a systematic process of investigating a problem through collecting data to answer a question; describing the main types of research such as fundamental, quantitative, applied, and qualitative; and explaining the common steps of research such as formulating the problem, developing hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting results. The overall goal of research is to increase knowledge and understanding of a topic.
1. Research design involves determining what, where, when, how, and by what means data will be collected and analyzed for a research study.
2. Key components of a research design include the sampling design, observational design, statistical design, and operational design. It must also specify the research problem, data collection and analysis methods, and population.
3. Research design can be exploratory, descriptive, or experimental. Exploratory research generates hypotheses, descriptive research observes characteristics, and experimental research tests hypotheses by manipulating variables.
1. Research design involves determining what, where, when, how, and by what means data will be collected and analyzed for a research study.
2. Key components of a research design include the sampling design, observational design, statistical design, and operational design. It must also specify the research problem, data collection and analysis methods, and population.
3. Research design can be exploratory, descriptive, or experimental. Exploratory research generates hypotheses, descriptive research observes characteristics, and experimental research tests hypotheses by manipulating variables.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
: A Research design is a logical and systemic plan prepared for directing research. It specifies the objectives of the study, the methodology and techniques to be adopted for achieving the objectives. It constitutes the blue print for the collection, measurement and analysis of data. It is the plan, structure and strategy of investigation conceived so as to obtain answers to research questions. A research design is the program that guides the investigator in the process of collecting, analyzing and interpreting observations.
This document provides an introduction and overview of research methodology. It discusses key concepts such as the meaning of research, objectives of research, characteristics of research, types of research approaches, and the research process. The research process involves formulating the research problem, conducting a literature review, developing hypotheses, preparing a research design, collecting and analyzing data, testing hypotheses, and reporting results. It also distinguishes between research methods, which are techniques for collecting data, and research methodology, which considers the logic and procedures of the research approach.
The document provides an introduction to research methodology. It discusses key concepts such as the meaning of research, objectives of research, characteristics of research, research motivations, types of research including descriptive vs analytical and quantitative vs qualitative, and significance of research. It also covers the difference between research methods and methodology. The research process involves formulating the research problem, literature survey, developing hypotheses, research design, sampling, data collection, analysis, testing hypotheses, and reporting results.
This document provides an introduction to research methodology. It discusses key topics such as the meaning of research, objectives of research, characteristics of research, types of research including descriptive vs analytical and quantitative vs qualitative, and research approaches. The types of research covered include conceptual vs empirical, one-time vs longitudinal vs historical vs diagnostic vs experimental vs exploratory. The document is presented by Dr. G. Praveen Kumar and serves as an overview to research methodology concepts.
This document provides an introduction and overview of research methodology. It discusses key concepts such as the meaning of research, objectives of research, characteristics of research, types of research approaches, and the research process. The research process involves formulating the research problem, conducting a literature review, developing hypotheses, preparing a research design, collecting and analyzing data, testing hypotheses, and reporting results. It also distinguishes between research methods, which are techniques for collecting data, and research methodology, which considers the logic and procedures of the research approach.
The document provides an introduction to research methodology. It discusses key concepts such as the meaning of research, objectives of research, characteristics of research, research motivations, types of research including descriptive vs analytical and quantitative vs qualitative, and significance of research. It also covers the difference between research methods and methodology. The research process involves formulating the research problem, literature survey, developing hypotheses, research design, sampling, data collection, analysis, testing hypotheses, and reporting results.
The document provides an introduction to research methodology. It discusses key concepts such as the meaning of research, objectives of research, characteristics of research, research motivations, types of research including descriptive vs analytical and quantitative vs qualitative, and significance of research. It also covers the difference between research methods and methodology. The research process involves formulating the research problem, conducting a literature review, developing hypotheses, preparing a research design, collecting and analyzing data, testing hypotheses, and reporting results.
This document provides an introduction to research methodology. It discusses key topics such as the meaning of research, objectives of research, characteristics of research, types of research including descriptive vs analytical and quantitative vs qualitative, and research approaches. The document is presented by Dr. G. Praveen Kumar and consists of unit 1 of the research methodology content, covering fundamental concepts and laying the groundwork for further units.
This document provides an introduction and overview of research methodology. It discusses key concepts like the meaning of research, objectives of research, characteristics of research, research motivations, types of research including descriptive vs analytical and quantitative vs qualitative, and significance of research. It also describes the difference between research methods and methodology. The document outlines the typical research process which includes formulating the problem, literature review, developing hypotheses, research design, sampling, data collection, analysis, testing, and reporting.
Solving research problem_3539ce35db1215c11a780b1712d47e46Kæsy Chaudhari
1. The document discusses research design, which is a plan for conducting research to answer questions or solve problems. It outlines the steps, methods, and strategies used to collect and analyze data.
2. Research design provides answers to questions like what is being studied, why it's being studied, where and when data will be collected, what techniques and sources will be used, and how results will be analyzed and reported.
3. Different types of research designs are explored, including those for exploratory, descriptive, diagnostic, and hypothesis-testing studies. Key concepts discussed include variables, hypotheses, experimental setup, and treatments.
The document discusses research methods and processes. It defines research as a systematic, controlled, empirical investigation to discover facts and test hypotheses. The key steps in research include:
1) Identifying a research problem or question.
2) Conducting a literature review to understand previous work.
3) Formulating hypotheses to guide the research.
4) Developing a research design that specifies procedures like sampling, data collection and analysis.
5) Collecting both primary and secondary data according to the research design.
6) Analyzing the data and drawing conclusions about the hypotheses.
The document covers different research types and methods used in conducting systematic studies.
The document discusses key concepts related to research including research projects, topics, proposals, problems, objectives, hypotheses, methodology, design, and limitations. It notes that a research project uses scientific methods to achieve defined objectives, such as testing or creating new knowledge. Choosing a research topic is an ongoing process of exploring, defining, and refining ideas on a subject that is narrow yet allows finding adequate information. A research proposal explains what is being researched, why, and how through a structured formal document. Research design broadly outlines the total pattern of conducting a research project including objectives, methods, and outcomes. Marketing research systematically gathers and analyzes qualitative and quantitative data about issues relating to marketing products and services.
The document discusses research design and provides definitions and examples of different types of research designs. It covers the key elements of research design including purpose, type of study, measurement, unit of analysis, and time horizon. It also distinguishes between quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods approaches. Specific research designs like experiments, surveys, case studies, and action research are described in terms of their focus, characteristics, and strengths/limitations.
The document provides an overview of different types of research designs including experimental, quasi-experimental, ex-post facto, correlational, and their key features. Experimental designs aim to test hypotheses and establish causation through random assignment and manipulation of independent variables. Quasi-experimental designs are similar but do not use random assignment. Ex-post facto designs examine causes of effects that have already occurred. Correlational designs measure relationships between non-manipulated variables. Different designs have advantages for different research questions depending on feasibility and need for control.
This document discusses research design and methods for collecting data. It begins by defining a research design as the conceptual structure for conducting research that aims to balance relevance and economy. The key components of a research design are then outlined, including the research problem, data collection procedures, population, and data analysis methods. The document also discusses types of research designs such as exploratory, descriptive, and experimental designs. It provides details on methods for collecting primary data, such as experiments, surveys, observation, and interviews. Secondary data collection from published sources is also mentioned.
Quantitative research uses numbers and statistics to generalize findings about problems or inquiries. It employs standardized instruments to collect measurable data from large samples, which are then statistically analyzed to determine relationships between variables. There are experimental designs that manipulate variables and non-experimental designs that observe phenomena naturally. Common quantitative methods include surveys, correlations, experiments, ex post facto studies, comparisons, evaluations, and methodological designs.
This document provides an overview of various research methods and designs. It defines key concepts like research method, approach, design, and functions of research design. It also explains different types of research designs including experimental, non-experimental, qualitative designs like case study, grounded theory, phenomenology, ethnography, and mixed methods. Specific designs like action research, causal-comparative, correlational, descriptive, developmental, historical, quasi-experimental are also defined along with their characteristics and examples. Factors to consider in research design like number of contacts, reference period, nature of investigation are also outlined.
This document outlines the key aspects of research including: defining research as a systematic process of investigating a problem through collecting data to answer a question; describing the main types of research such as fundamental, quantitative, applied, and qualitative; and explaining the common steps of research such as formulating the problem, developing hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting results. The overall goal of research is to increase knowledge and understanding of a topic.
1. Research design involves determining what, where, when, how, and by what means data will be collected and analyzed for a research study.
2. Key components of a research design include the sampling design, observational design, statistical design, and operational design. It must also specify the research problem, data collection and analysis methods, and population.
3. Research design can be exploratory, descriptive, or experimental. Exploratory research generates hypotheses, descriptive research observes characteristics, and experimental research tests hypotheses by manipulating variables.
1. Research design involves determining what, where, when, how, and by what means data will be collected and analyzed for a research study.
2. Key components of a research design include the sampling design, observational design, statistical design, and operational design. It must also specify the research problem, data collection and analysis methods, and population.
3. Research design can be exploratory, descriptive, or experimental. Exploratory research generates hypotheses, descriptive research observes characteristics, and experimental research tests hypotheses by manipulating variables.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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41. What is Quantitative Research?
•Quantitative Research is a
systematic empirical investigation of
occurrences that are observable
using statistical, mathematical, or
computational techniques. The
objective of this kind of research is
to employ theories, models, and
hypotheses to test the phenomena.
Quantitative research is numerical in
nature. Meanings and results are
expressed using numerals that show
the specificity of something.
41
42. What is Quantitative
Research?
•Quantitative Research directs
you to focus on things through
statistics which denotes the
collection and interpretation
of numerical data gathered
through examining facts and
information about a person,
thing, place, or events.
42
43. 43
What are the Characteristics of Quantitative
Research?
•Structured Research Instrument: Data used in Quantitative
Research are gathered using structured research instruments. This
helps in collecting in-depth and actionable data based on results.
•Sample Size: Quantitative research is conducted on a significant
sample size that represents the population to assure the reliability
of results. Appropriate sampling methods are used as well to
fortify the objective.
•Replicable: The study could be repeated which gives a high
reliability of results.
44. 44
•Clearly Defined Questions: The researcher has clearly defined
research questions to which objective answers are sought.
•Numerical: Data are in the form of numbers and statistics that are
arranged in tables, charts, and figures or in other textual forms.
This makes it easy to understand and proves the validity of the
research.
•Objective: Quantitative research seeks accurate measurement and
analysis of target concepts.
•Generalization of Results: Results of this research method can be
generalized to take appropriate actions for improvement.
45. 45
A. Strengths of Quantitative Research
1.Quantitative Research allows you to reach a higher sample size.
This leads to an easier way to reach an accurate generalized
conclusion. The additional data gives you greater credibility because
it has more depth to review.
2.You can collect more information quickly when using
quantitative research. Experiments, surveys, and interviews provide
immediate answers that become useful from a data-centered
approach.
3.Quantitative Research uses randomized samples in collecting
information. This excludes bias from appearing in most situations.
It provides an advantage in the fact that the data can then get to the
rest of the demographic being studied.
46. 46
A. Strengths of Quantitative Research
4.Results duplication is possible. Quantitative research only
focuses on the actual data. The work validates itself because
the results always point towards the same data even though
randomized conditions exist.
5.Quantitative research can focus on facts or a series of
information. Researchers can use a quantitative approach to
focus on a specific fact that they want to study in a given
population.
6.Quantitative approach does not require direct observation.
The study can be done without the need of someone. This
advantage creates a better response rate because people have
more time and less pressure to complete the work.
47. 47
B. Weakness of Quantitative Research
1.This method does not consider the meaning behind social
phenomenon. It does not care about the motives that people have when
sharing an opinion or making decisions.
2.Quantitative research studies can be very expensive. The money that
could be spent is a significant barrier to consider in conducting
quantitative research.
3.There is no access to specific feedback in quantitative research.
The statistics that researchers gather are useful for generalization but
cannot produce specific feedback incidents that allow positive refinement.
4.Some efforts at randomization will not create usable information.
The quantitative approach doesn’t look for the reason why variables exist
in specific environments.
5.Quantitative research requires a large sample makes it difficult to
gather data and makes this kind of research costly.
48. What are the kinds of quantitative research
designs?
Research design is considered as the
framework of research. It is termed as the “GLUE”
that holds each of the elements of research as
one. In other words, it is the plan of the proposed
research work. It is the overall strategy that is
being integrated into the different components of
the study in a coherent and logical way.
The function of the research design is to
ensure that the evidence obtained enables the
researcher to effectively address the problem as
unambiguously as possible. The problem that will
be answered in the research determines the kind
of research that should be used in the study.
49. What is Experimental Research?
Experimental Research is
quantitative research dealing with
the object or subject of research in
an exact manner and looking into
the extent of the effects or
influence of the treatment on the
subject, then discovering the cause
of such effect. There are two groups
involved in any experimental
research; the experimental group,
the one in which the treatment is
applied, and the control group,
which does not receive any
treatment.
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50. a. Pre-Experimental
Research Design
A group or various
groups are kept under
observation after
implementing factors of
cause and effect. This
research is done to
understand whether
further investigations are
necessary for particular
groups.
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51. B. True Experimental Research Design:
This type of research design relies on
statistical analysis to prove or disprove a
hypothesis, making it the most accurate
type of research. This type of research
can establish a cause-effect relationship
within a group. In a true experiment,
there are factors that need to be
considered:
• There is a control group that won’t be
subjected to changes and an
experimental group that will
experience the changed variables
• A variable that could be manipulated
by the researcher
• Random Distribution
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52. C. Quasi-Experimental
Research Design:
The word “quasi” indicates
similarity. In this research, an
independent variable is
manipulated but the
participants of the group are
not randomly assigned.
Quasi-research is used in
field settings where random
assignment is either
irrelevant or not required.
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53. What is Non-Experimental Research
Design?
•Non-Experimental research design is
one of the broad categories of research
designs in which the researcher
observes the phenomena as they occur
naturally and no external variables are
introduced.
•It is a research design in which
variables are not deliberately
manipulated nor is the setting is
controlled. Data is collected without
introducing changes and making
treatments.
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54. a. Descriptive Research Design
•The purpose of descriptive studies
is to observe, describe and
document aspects of a situation as
it naturally occurs and sometimes to
serve as a starting point for
hypothesis generation or theory
development.
•It is used in observing,
documenting and describing a
phenomenon occurring in natural
setting without any manipulation or
control. It is designed to gain more
information about characteristics
within a particular field in real
world.
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55. Types of Descriptive Research Design
•Univariant descriptive design- This
design is used to describe the frequency
of occurrence of the phenomenon. It
does not necessarily focus on a single
variable; there may be one or more
variables involved in the study.
•Exploratory Design- This design is used
to identify, explore, and describe the
existing phenomenon and its related
factors. It is not simply a description or
the frequency of a phenomenon but an
in-depth exploration of its related
factors to improve further
understanding of a phenomenon.
•Comparative Design- This design
involves comparing and contrasting two
or more samples of study subjects on
one or more variables. It is used to
compare two distinct groups in terms of
knowledge, perceptions, attitudes, and
physical or psychological symptoms.
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56. b. Correlational Design
In a correlational design,
the researcher examines the
relationship between two or
more variables in a natural
setting without
manipulation of the control.
In other words, it is a study
conducted to determine the
relationship of two or more
variables without any
intervention.
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57. Types of Correlational
Research Design
• Prospective Research
Design. A design that lets
the researcher connect the
present to the future. It
starts with the cause and
arrives with presumed
effects.
• Retrospective Research
Design. A design where the
researcher studies the
current situation by seeking
facts and figures from the
past.
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58. 58
C. Developmental
Research Design
In a developmental research
design, the researcher examines
the phenomenon with reference
to time. It is generally used to aid
research design with other
designs.
Types of Developmental
Research Design
Cross-sectional Design. In this
research design, the researcher
collects data at a particular point
in time (one-period data
collection).
Longitudinal Design. Designed to
collect data over an extended
period (long-term study). Its value
is in its ability to demonstrate
change over a period of time.
59. d. Epidemiological Research Design
This study is done to investigate the
distribution and causes of the disease in
a population. Generally, it is conducted
to investigate the causes of different
diseases in either a prospective approach
or a retrospective design.
Types of Epidemiological Research
Design
• Cohort Studies. In this design, a
longitudinal approach is used to
investigate the occurrence of a
disease in existing presumed causes.
• Case-control Studies. In this design,
the cause of the disease is
investigated after the occurrence of
the disease.
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63. Group Work
Directions: Knowing the characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and kinds of
quantitative research, think of at least 5 research topics/problems in your own field of
specialization and determine the correct research design to be used. Follow the table
shown below: