Compassion for others enables social connection, which enhances well-being and reduces depression and physical ailments. Studies show enhancing compassion also increases empathy, cooperation, and trust. Practicing loving kindness meditation can strengthen feelings of social connectedness and positive emotions towards both oneself and strangers.
Mindfulness and Heartfulness Skills for Educators and StudentsErin Sharaf
Mindfulness can improve focus and decrease stress. Heartfulness can promote altruistic behaviors and increase happiness. Together these two practices are powerful complements to traditional learning.
Mindfulness offers students and educators a way to increase creativity and resilience and reduce stress. It can enhance concentration and emotional regulation and promote positive emotions. With regular practice, this inner exploration can have dramatic results. Mindfulness is being embraced more widely as a crucial adjunct to traditional learning.
Dr. Murray Bowen, a pioneer in the field of marriage and family therapy, offered 8 interlocking concepts as a way to think about relationship functioning, especially in one's extended family, nuclear family, and couples' relationships. This is a model that assumes that problems can come from too much togetherness. It assumes that if one feels secure in one's ability to remain separate, one can go the distance in one's effort to remain connected to important people in one's life.
General Family Systems Theory & Structural Family TherapyJane Gilgun
Ever wondered what general system theory has to do with circular causality and structural family therapy? These slides represent the most clarity I could come up with regarding these important ideas.
Mindfulness and Heartfulness Skills for Educators and StudentsErin Sharaf
Mindfulness can improve focus and decrease stress. Heartfulness can promote altruistic behaviors and increase happiness. Together these two practices are powerful complements to traditional learning.
Mindfulness offers students and educators a way to increase creativity and resilience and reduce stress. It can enhance concentration and emotional regulation and promote positive emotions. With regular practice, this inner exploration can have dramatic results. Mindfulness is being embraced more widely as a crucial adjunct to traditional learning.
Dr. Murray Bowen, a pioneer in the field of marriage and family therapy, offered 8 interlocking concepts as a way to think about relationship functioning, especially in one's extended family, nuclear family, and couples' relationships. This is a model that assumes that problems can come from too much togetherness. It assumes that if one feels secure in one's ability to remain separate, one can go the distance in one's effort to remain connected to important people in one's life.
General Family Systems Theory & Structural Family TherapyJane Gilgun
Ever wondered what general system theory has to do with circular causality and structural family therapy? These slides represent the most clarity I could come up with regarding these important ideas.
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
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Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
QA Paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka 2020Azreen Aj
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Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
1. Why compassion for others
• Enables connectedness (social connection).
• Feeling connected with others, enhances psychological and physical well-being and it reduces the
chances of getting depressed and having physical ailments.
• Increases empathic ability, cooperation and trust
• In their study, Hutcherson, Seppala and Gross (2008) found that by enhancing compassion, feelings
of social connectedness and positive emotions towards others were enhanced as well.
• Practice = experienced stronger feelings of social connectedness and positive emotions towards
strangers
Compassion for other people enables connectedness (social connection). People have a strong need to feel connected to each other. The feeling that you are loved and trusted and at the same time being able to express your love and trust in others is a fundamental need of human nature (Baumeister & Leary, 1995).
Research has shown that feeling connected with others, enhances psychological and physical well-being (Brown, Nesse, Vinokur, & Smith, 2003; De Vries, Glasper, & Detillion, 2003; Lee & Robbins, 1998) and that it reduces the chances of getting depressed and having physical ailments (Hawkley, Masi, Berry, & Cacioppo, 2006).
The feeling of being connected with one another increases empathic ability (Cialdini, Brown, Lewis, Luce, & Neuberg, 1997), cooperation and trust (Glaeser, Laibson, Scheinkman, & Soutter, 2000).
In their study, Hutcherson, Seppala and Gross (2008) found that by enhancing compassion, feelings of social connectedness and positive emotions towards others were enhanced as well.
Participants who practiced a short version of loving-kindness meditation (see the exercise of this week), experienced stronger feelings of social connectedness and positive emotions towards strangers on explicit (conscious) as well as on implicit (subconscious) level.
Sit in a comfortable position with your back upright. Close your eyes and bring your attention towards your breath. Remind yourself that every living being wishes to live in peace and happiness. Connect yourself deeply to this desire: “Just as all beings desire to be happy and free from suffering, I am entitled to the same happiness and freedom from suffering”. If you wish, you may take a moment to feel what kind of emotions this intention stirs within.
Repeat the following sentences in silence and serenity:
May I be peaceful
May I be healthy
May I be happy
Take a moment to consider the meaning of each of these sentences. If necessary, repeat a certain sentence a couple of times to create more clarity. You may also choose a word or phrase and repeat this to yourself. It is important that you devote yourself to the wishing-part of the exercise. That you truly wish these things for yourself. In other words, it is about the intention, not about the results.
If you notice that your mind starts to wander, gently return your attention to the compassion sentences above. Don’t be harsh on yourself; it is normal to get distracted.
Before you finish the exercise you can also repeat the following sentences in silence:
May I and all other beings be peaceful
May I and all other beings be healthy
May I and all other beings be happy
Practicing this exercise is like being there for a friend who’s not feeling well; you may not be able to heal them but you are able to give them the love and compassion they deserve.
ADVICE
Let go of any expectations about how you should be feeling during the meditation. If you find you’re discouraging yourself by the lack of positive feelings, try to be gentle towards yourself for the fact that you feel discouraged. Remind yourself that the aim is to focus on the wish, not on creating the positive emotions.
Realize that the purpose of the exercise is not to reduce or eliminate pain or suffering. This exercise teaches us to adopt a gentler attitude. You can begin to understand that it is not realistic that there will never be pain or suffering again, but you (and others) simply deserve not to experience pain or suffering and to be utterly happy.
You can also formulate your own sentences. Here are some examples:
• May I love myself as I am
• May I truly be happy
• May I be free from all fear
• May I be free from worries
• Etc.
Try not to formulate too specific sentences, such as “May I get an A for this exam”. Loving-kindness is not an attempt to manipulate our environment with our thoughts.
Loving-kindness meditation can also be integrated with the seated meditation. You could, for example, start or end the seated meditation with words of compassion and kindness. This can also assist in bringing more gentleness to your meditation practice. The seated meditation can help you to put you in a more focused and calm state before you engage in the loving-kindness meditation.
A lot of times people will begin to notice rapid changes after completing the loving-kindness meditation. However, a thorough stable change in our attitude is a slow process which continues to develop over time. Try looking at progress in the long-term, allow yourself to practice and then notice the progress you have made.
Loving-kindness meditation can also be aimed at other people. As an object for your meditation you can:
keep in mind a friend – someone you trust, you are grateful for and you have positive sentiments for
a neutral person – someone you neither like or dislike
a difficult person – someone who has hurt you or you carry negative emotions towards
a group of people – for example, everyone at home or at work.
Sit in a comfortable position with your back upright. Close your eyes and bring your attention towards your breath. Remind yourself that every living being wishes to live in peace and happiness. Concentrate on a different person (one of the abovementioned examples) and try to keep them in mind. Tell yourself: as am I entitled to be happy and free from suffering, may you be happy and free from suffering as well.
Repeat the following sentences in silence and serenity while keeping this person in mind:
May you be peaceful
May you be healthy
May you be happy
After some time, you can include yourself in the wish:
May you and I be peaceful
May you can I be healthy
May you and I be happy
In some cases, such as when thinking of a difficult person, feelings of aversion, anger, shame, guilt or sadness can emerge. While experiencing these emotions, the sentences can start to sound hollow and empty. Simply, label the emotion you experience (“anger”) and allow it to be there. Focus the exercise for a minute on yourself again (“May I be happy”). When you start feeling a better, you can try using the other person as a focus of your attention again.
TROUBLE SHOOTING
When it is difficult to say the sentences for yourself
• Think of someone who is suffering in a similar manner as you. Focus your attention and sentences first on this person. Gradually include yourself in the sentences (May [Sandra] be free from all fear…, May [Sandra] and I be free from all fear…., May we….). You can also focus on someone you love very much, such as a child, and then try to remember how you felt when this person was very ill or in pain. Retain the compassion you are experiencing now and include yourself in the exercise again.
• For some people it is easier to start the exercise in a more abstract way: “May everyone be happy”. Subsequently, you can start to include yourself in the sentences. “May I and everyone else be happy”. It might also help to use your own name instead of “I” (“May [Jan] be happy” instead of “May I be happy”).
When you notice unpleasant feelings emerge during the meditation
• When oxygen hasn’t reached a fire for a long time, as soon as oxygen is released there is an explosion. This is called a “backdraft”. The same thing can happen when you practice the loving-kindness meditation. If we carry doubt and hate within ourselves, then the kind words may release an explosion of unpleasant or difficult emotions. These emotions are not created by the exercise, yet they are a logical consequence of the way we have spoken to ourselves for all these years. Recognize and experience these feelings as they are released. It is a healthy and natural part of the process.
• You can expect that unpleasant feelings will arise. When such feelings come to be, recognize your suffering and be compassionate towards yourself by applying the loving-kindness sentences to yourself.
• Try to maintain a balance. If you notice that the negative emotions are getting too strong, do not push through with the exercise. It becomes more of a struggle then instead of loving-kindness. You may also turn to the regular seated meditation and simply continue to focus on your breathing.
When the sentences become empty or robot-like repetitions
• Due to repetition the sentences might become empty or robot-like at some point. This applies to almost every object which receives attention repeatedly. This doesn’t mean however that the sentences have to be changed. It can help you to concentrate on the wishing-part of the sentence. Concentrate on the intention instead of the feeling-part of the exercise.
When you feel like the sentences you say are meaningless
• It can also be the case that you feel the sentences you repeat have no meaning. You might ask yourself for example “How is it possible to only experience happiness and never fear? That’s not very realistic! Aren’t stress and fear part of everyone’s life?”. This is of course true. The hardest part of this exercise is to understand it’s purpose is not to create a positive outcome. A kind attitude is a positive outcome in itself. The true meaning of the sentences is: “Even if it is unrealistic never to experience fear and only happiness, whenever it is possible let it be so. I truly deserve not to feel fear and to feel happiness; however, I cannot control what life has in store for me.”
When you notice you keep thinking: “I don’t really want this other person to be happy, because then he will never change”.
• Whenever you include someone else in the loving-kindness meditation, it doesn’t mean that you tolerate hurtful behavior or that you do not hope this person will not experience the consequences of their behavior. You simply hope that this person will be happy.
INFORMATION: LOVING-KINDNESS MEDITATION
Loving-kindness means tender affection. It is the wish that all beings (you and others) may be happy and good things may come their way. Loving-kindness meditation teaches us to be a better friend to ourselves. It is a way to increase compassion.
The loving-kindness mediation is a form of single-focus meditation. Just as the breath is used as a focal point in the seated mediation, the sentences in the loving-kindness meditation are the focus of our attention. Each and every time our mind starts wandering we take notice of this and gently return to the sentences.
The object of the loving-kindness meditation is less important than the attitude we are trying to cultivate through the exercise. By repeated practice, the intention to the loving and compassionate is increased. The brain is taught through repetition to experience that which is present in each moment. Are you often stressed? Then you are taught stress. Do you experience compassion? Then you are taught compassion.
The loving-kindness meditation has four “healing” elements: intention, attention, emotion and connection. “Boosting” our intention (“may everyone be happy”) gives us energy and gives meaning to our lives. The focused attention during the exercise calms our mind (“repeatedly return to the sentences”). The positive emotions which emerge contribute to our happiness and the connection we experience in silence creates a feeling of calmness and safety (feeling less alone, less scared).
Research on compassion shows a clear, distinct pattern of results. People who have more self-compassion rapport feeling less depressed, less fearful, have higher self-esteem and have more self-efficacy than people who are low in self-compassion (Iskender, 2009; Leary, Tate, Adams, Allen, & Hancock, 2007; Neff, 2003; Neff, Hsieh, & Dejitterat, 2005; Neff, Kirkpatrick, & Rude, 2007). A study by Carson and colleagues (2005) showed that chronic pain patients who followed an 8-week loving-kindness program reported significantly less pain and stress as compared to patients who received regular treatment. Another series of studies by Baker and McNulty (2011) showed that self-compassion is associated with higher motivation to correct inter-personal errors and to resolve problems in a constructive manner. Moreover increased compassion for people tremendously reduces the tendency of wanting to punish someone (Condon & Desteno, 2010).