Lesson 4 data processing
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This document discusses the history of early electronic computers. It describes four generations of computers: First used vacuum tubes and stored programs; Second used transistors and magnetic core storage; Third used integrated circuits and improved storage; Fourth saw developments in microelectronics, multiprocessing, and timesharing. Key early computers discussed include the Mark I, ENIAC, and EDVAC, which helped establish stored-program and binary concepts.
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This document discusses cultural diversity and its management. It identifies key dimensions of cultural differences, including individualism vs collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity vs femininity, long vs short-term orientation, formality vs informality, and time orientation. Embracing diversity can promote marketing advantages, talent recruitment and retention, excellence, and creativity. However, cultural differences along these dimensions must be considered to effectively lead a diverse workforce.
Leader&cultural diversity
This document discusses cultural diversity and its management. It identifies key dimensions of cultural differences, including individualism vs collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity vs femininity, long vs short-term orientation, formality vs informality, and time orientation. Embracing diversity can promote marketing advantages, talent recruitment and retention, excellence, and creativity. However, cultural differences must be understood to effectively lead a diverse workforce.
Edleadership
Educational leadership differs from other organizational leadership contexts in three key ways:
1) Educational institutions are mainly non-profit and aim to promote learning, presenting more opportunities for diverse leadership approaches compared to for-profit contexts.
2) The educational context involves many stakeholders with conflicting demands, making it more complex than other sectors.
3) Leadership philosophies in education tend to be instrumental, scientific, humanistic, or critical - focusing on effective strategies, measurable outcomes, personal experiences, or social justice respectively. This contrasts with primarily instrumental approaches common in other fields.
Principles of getting job done
This document provides 14 principles for achieving excellence and getting things done through an organization. It discusses the importance of setting clear goals, providing proper training, measuring results, confronting issues, rewarding success, and continually improving. It emphasizes developing integrity, respect, commitment, consistency and working with excellence as unto the Lord.
Leading different personalities
1. The document discusses four main personality types - Sanguine, Melancholy, Choleric, and Phlegmatic - and provides descriptions of each type's traits, work style, leadership strengths, and how to motivate them.
2. It emphasizes that good leaders understand different personalities, recognize their value, and lead each person according to their type by giving them attention, order, appreciation, or respect.
3. Leaders are advised to form teams with a mix of complementary personalities, place people in roles matching their strengths, and teach their organization about personality types.
Success2012
The document provides 12 tips to guarantee success in 2012, including putting God and family as top priorities, setting SMART goals, simplifying your life, being accountable, regularly assessing your progress, trying new things, saying no to distractions, dreaming big, having no excuses, and helping others succeed.
More from guevarra_2000 (20)
Lesson 4 data processing
- 1. Lesson 4
- 3. Howard Aiken began work on the Mark I at Harvard University Mark I digital computer was completed in 1944 Mark I official name was Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator. Mark I functions: Could perform arithmetic operations Could locate information stored in tabular form.
- 4. Processed numbers up to 23 digits longs and could multiply three eight‐digit numbers in 1 second. It was not an electronic computer but as rather an electromechanical one
- 5. ENIAC – Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator ENIAC was developed by Presper Eckert Jr. aand John Mauchly from 1943 to 1946. It has 18,000 vacuum tubes and required the manual setting of switches. It could perform 300 multiplications per second
- 6. EDVAC is the modified version of ENIAC EDVAC – Electronic Discrete variable automatic Computer EDVAC employs binary arithmetic John von Neumann invented the EDVAC
- 7. 1. First Generation Computers 2. Second Generation Computers 3. Third Generation Computers 4. Fourth Generation Computers
- 8. The use vacuum tubes in place of relays as a means of storing data in memory and the use of stored‐program concept. It requires 3.5 KW of electricity per day to keep the vacuum tubes running
- 9. Solid‐state components ( transistors and diodes) and magnetic core storage formed the basis for the second generation of computers
- 10. Integrated solid‐state circuitry, improved secondary storage devices and new input/ output devices were the most important advances in this generation.
- 11. The major innovations were in the development of microelectronics and in the development of different areas in computer technology such as: multiprocessing, multiprogramming, miniaturization, time sharing , operating speed and virtual storage.