This document discusses the legal aspects related to the treatment of mentally ill patients that psychiatric nurses need to be aware of. It summarizes the key points of the Indian Mental Health Act of 1987 and the Indian Lunacy Act of 1912. The Mental Health Act replaced the outdated Lunacy Act and aims to reduce stigma and ensure mentally ill individuals are treated like any other sick persons. It outlines procedures for admission, detention, discharge and protection of patient rights. Understanding these laws helps nurses provide comprehensive care while protecting patient and family rights.
The Mental Health Act of 1987 establishes regulations for admission and treatment of mentally ill persons in India. It aims to protect the rights of the mentally ill and society. Key aspects include voluntary and involuntary admission procedures, discharge criteria, establishment of authorities to oversee mental health services, and protections for the human rights and property of mentally ill persons under treatment. The Act replaced the older Lunacy Act and has 10 chapters covering definitions, admission and discharge processes, treatment, maintenance costs, and penalties.
The Mental Healthcare Act 2017 replaces the Lunacy Act of 1912 and aims to make mental healthcare more humane and rights-based. Some key points:
- It recognizes mental illness as a medical condition like any physical illness and aims to reduce stigma.
- It simplifies admission and discharge procedures from mental hospitals and protects the rights of the mentally ill.
- It establishes central and state authorities to regulate mental health services and monitor psychiatric hospitals and nursing homes.
- It provides legal aid for the mentally ill and safeguards their right to confidentiality and informed consent regarding treatment.
The Mental Health Act of 1987 was introduced to replace the outdated Indian Lunacy Act of 1912 and protect the rights of mentally ill individuals. The Act established central and state authorities to regulate mental health services. It outlines procedures for admission, detention, discharge and legal protection of mentally ill persons in psychiatric facilities. The Act aims to change societal attitudes towards mental illness and ensure mentally ill individuals receive treatment like other sick patients without stigma. It was later replaced by the Mental Healthcare Bill of 2013 to further strengthen legal safeguards and align with advancements in medical science.
unit 14 LEGAL ASPECTS IN PSYCHIATRIC NURSING.pptxAyanaRajendran2
The Indian Mental Health Act was drafted in 1987 and came into effect in 1993, replacing the previous Indian Lunacy Act of 1912. The objectives of the new act were to change attitudes towards the mentally ill, ensure their rights are respected, and update definitions according to medical advances. The act established authorities to regulate mental health services and protect citizen rights. It details procedures for admission, discharge, and rights of mentally ill individuals in hospitals. It also covers maintenance of property and costs, protections against abuse, and licensing of hospitals. The rights of mentally ill clients are extensively covered. Forensic psychiatry involves the application of psychiatry to legal issues like criminal responsibility and competence in criminal and civil cases.
This presentation is on Mental Health Act, Indian Lunacy Act and Rights of Patient. Mental Health Nursing one of core subject of B.Sc. Nursing Third Year.
BIBILIOGRAPHY
R SREEVANI “A Guide to Mental Health &
Psychiatric Nursing” 3rd Edition
Jaypee Medical Publisher Pp: 345 to 350
Shelia L Vedibeck “Psychiatric Mental Health
Nursing” 5th Edition Lippincott & Williams.
Mary C Townsend “Essential of Psychiatric health
nursing” 7th Edition F A Devis 2013.
ANTONY JAMES T (2000): “A decade with the
mental health act, Indian Journal
of Psychiatry, 42(4)
Kothari, Jaya “Moving towards autonomy &
equity an analysis of mental health care
bill 2013”
Mental health act drafted in 1987 and came into india in 1993. It includes need, objectives, act etc. it includes 10 chapters and mental health care act 2017 included.
The Mental Healthcare Act regulates admission to psychiatric facilities and protects the rights of mentally ill individuals. It established authorities to oversee mental health services. Key aspects include requiring licenses for facilities, processes for voluntary or involuntary admission, temporary admission orders from magistrates, discharge procedures, oversight of living conditions and treatment of patients, and penalties for noncompliance. The Act updated outdated terminology and aims to deinstitutionalize care.
The document summarizes the history and provisions of the Indian Mental Health Act of 1987. It discusses:
- The act replaced previous laws from 1858 and 1912 and consolidated treatment of the mentally ill.
- It established new terminology to replace outdated terms like "lunatic" and regulated admission, discharge, and rights of the mentally ill in psychiatric facilities.
- The act is divided into chapters addressing establishment of authorities, procedures for voluntary and involuntary admission, temporary treatment orders, discharge processes, and leave of absence for patients. It aims to protect rights of the mentally ill and safety of society.
The Mental Health Act of 1987 establishes regulations for admission and treatment of mentally ill persons in India. It aims to protect the rights of the mentally ill and society. Key aspects include voluntary and involuntary admission procedures, discharge criteria, establishment of authorities to oversee mental health services, and protections for the human rights and property of mentally ill persons under treatment. The Act replaced the older Lunacy Act and has 10 chapters covering definitions, admission and discharge processes, treatment, maintenance costs, and penalties.
The Mental Healthcare Act 2017 replaces the Lunacy Act of 1912 and aims to make mental healthcare more humane and rights-based. Some key points:
- It recognizes mental illness as a medical condition like any physical illness and aims to reduce stigma.
- It simplifies admission and discharge procedures from mental hospitals and protects the rights of the mentally ill.
- It establishes central and state authorities to regulate mental health services and monitor psychiatric hospitals and nursing homes.
- It provides legal aid for the mentally ill and safeguards their right to confidentiality and informed consent regarding treatment.
The Mental Health Act of 1987 was introduced to replace the outdated Indian Lunacy Act of 1912 and protect the rights of mentally ill individuals. The Act established central and state authorities to regulate mental health services. It outlines procedures for admission, detention, discharge and legal protection of mentally ill persons in psychiatric facilities. The Act aims to change societal attitudes towards mental illness and ensure mentally ill individuals receive treatment like other sick patients without stigma. It was later replaced by the Mental Healthcare Bill of 2013 to further strengthen legal safeguards and align with advancements in medical science.
unit 14 LEGAL ASPECTS IN PSYCHIATRIC NURSING.pptxAyanaRajendran2
The Indian Mental Health Act was drafted in 1987 and came into effect in 1993, replacing the previous Indian Lunacy Act of 1912. The objectives of the new act were to change attitudes towards the mentally ill, ensure their rights are respected, and update definitions according to medical advances. The act established authorities to regulate mental health services and protect citizen rights. It details procedures for admission, discharge, and rights of mentally ill individuals in hospitals. It also covers maintenance of property and costs, protections against abuse, and licensing of hospitals. The rights of mentally ill clients are extensively covered. Forensic psychiatry involves the application of psychiatry to legal issues like criminal responsibility and competence in criminal and civil cases.
This presentation is on Mental Health Act, Indian Lunacy Act and Rights of Patient. Mental Health Nursing one of core subject of B.Sc. Nursing Third Year.
BIBILIOGRAPHY
R SREEVANI “A Guide to Mental Health &
Psychiatric Nursing” 3rd Edition
Jaypee Medical Publisher Pp: 345 to 350
Shelia L Vedibeck “Psychiatric Mental Health
Nursing” 5th Edition Lippincott & Williams.
Mary C Townsend “Essential of Psychiatric health
nursing” 7th Edition F A Devis 2013.
ANTONY JAMES T (2000): “A decade with the
mental health act, Indian Journal
of Psychiatry, 42(4)
Kothari, Jaya “Moving towards autonomy &
equity an analysis of mental health care
bill 2013”
Mental health act drafted in 1987 and came into india in 1993. It includes need, objectives, act etc. it includes 10 chapters and mental health care act 2017 included.
The Mental Healthcare Act regulates admission to psychiatric facilities and protects the rights of mentally ill individuals. It established authorities to oversee mental health services. Key aspects include requiring licenses for facilities, processes for voluntary or involuntary admission, temporary admission orders from magistrates, discharge procedures, oversight of living conditions and treatment of patients, and penalties for noncompliance. The Act updated outdated terminology and aims to deinstitutionalize care.
The document summarizes the history and provisions of the Indian Mental Health Act of 1987. It discusses:
- The act replaced previous laws from 1858 and 1912 and consolidated treatment of the mentally ill.
- It established new terminology to replace outdated terms like "lunatic" and regulated admission, discharge, and rights of the mentally ill in psychiatric facilities.
- The act is divided into chapters addressing establishment of authorities, procedures for voluntary and involuntary admission, temporary treatment orders, discharge processes, and leave of absence for patients. It aims to protect rights of the mentally ill and safety of society.
The Mental Healthcare Act was drafted in 1987 and implemented in 1993 to replace outdated mental health legislation and establish standards for the humane treatment of mentally ill individuals. It aims to consolidate laws around treatment, management, and protection of mentally ill persons. Key provisions include establishing central and state mental health authorities, licensing of psychiatric facilities, procedures for admission and discharge, and protections for patients' rights and welfare. It also defines terms and outlines offenses and penalties.
The document discusses legal issues in mental health nursing in India. It provides an overview of the Mental Health Act of 1987 and the Mental Health Care Bill of 2013, including their objectives, key features, and rights of mentally ill patients. It also explains the roles and legal responsibilities of nurses in admission and discharge procedures, including issues of consent, confidentiality, and record keeping. The legal responsibilities of mentally ill patients regarding civil and criminal matters are also outlined.
The Mental Health Act was enacted in 1987 to replace the outdated Indian Lunacy Act of 1912 and consolidate laws around the treatment of mentally ill persons. It aims to regulate admission to psychiatric facilities, protect patients' rights and society, and establish authorities to oversee mental health services. Key aspects include procedures for voluntary admission, admission under temporary treatment orders or reception orders, and discharge. It also covers management of patient property, liability for maintenance costs, and protections for human rights and participation in research. Overall, the Act aims to reduce stigma, incorporate modern scientific knowledge, and safeguard the rights and welfare of mentally ill individuals under treatment.
The document discusses the Mental Health Act of 1987 in India. It provides definitions of key terms from the act like mentally ill person, psychiatrist, and reception order. It outlines the objectives and various chapters of the act. The chapters cover establishment of mental health authorities, psychiatric hospitals and nursing homes, procedures for admission and detention of mentally ill patients, discharge and leave of absence. It also discusses the penalties and procedures under the act. The Mental Healthcare Act of 2017 introduced revisions like decriminalizing attempted suicide and recognizing the agency of people with mental illness. It has 16 chapters covering rights of persons with mental illness, duties of government authorities, and establishments and boards for mental healthcare.
The Mental Health Act of 1987 replaced the previous Indian Lunacy Act of 1912. Some key points of the Mental Health Act include:
- It established central and state mental health authorities to regulate and coordinate mental health services.
- It provided guidelines for establishing and licensing psychiatric hospitals and nursing homes.
- It outlined procedures for voluntary admission, involuntary admission via a reception order from a magistrate, and discharging patients.
- It addressed the inspection of facilities, leaves of absence, and transferring patients.
- It covered judicial inquiries regarding mentally ill individuals with property and appointing guardians to manage their affairs.
- It discussed who bears the cost of maintaining patients and protecting the human rights of mentally
The Indian Mental Health Act of 1987 aims to regulate psychiatric hospitals and provide proper treatment and care for mentally ill persons. It establishes central and state authorities to oversee mental health services. The Act allows government to establish psychiatric hospitals and nursing homes. It requires licenses for facilities and outlines conditions for granting, renewing, and revoking licenses. The Act also covers admission procedures, discharge of patients, protection of patient rights, and penalties for non-compliance.
Legal & ethical issue in psychiatry by suresh aadi8888Suresh Aadi Sharma
This document discusses legal issues in psychiatric nursing. It begins with an overview of the relationship between psychiatry and the law, noting the tension between individual rights and social needs. It then discusses ethical considerations for psychiatric nurses, including sensitivity to patient rights and needs, issues of power, and avoiding paternalism. The document provides an overview of mental health law and shifting perspectives from a focus on patient rights to limiting rights of the mentally ill. It discusses sources of mental health laws and provides a history and overview of key Indian mental health acts - the Indian Lunacy Act of 1912, the Mental Health Act of 1987, and the draft National Mental Health Care Act of 2010. Key concepts around forensic psychiatry are also summarized.
The document discusses India's laws and policies related to mental health, including the evolution from the Indian Lunacy Act of 1912 to the current Mental Healthcare Act of 2017. Some key points:
- The Mental Healthcare Act of 2017 aims to protect the human rights of those with mental illness and fulfill India's obligations under the UN Convention on Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
- It decriminalized attempted suicide and introduced concepts such as advance directives, nominated representatives, and rights of persons with mental illness.
- The act established authorities like the Central Mental Health Authority and State Mental Health Authorities to oversee mental healthcare delivery.
- Compared to previous laws which took a custodial approach, the new
This document discusses the Mental Health Ordinance of 2001 and procedures related to mentally ill patients. It outlines the objectives of the ordinance as consolidating laws around the treatment and care of mentally disordered persons. It describes the procedures for admission, discharge, and handling wandering patients. It also discusses testamentary capacity, requirements for a valid will, the role of doctors in taking wills, and the civil responsibilities of mentally ill patients.
The Mental Health Act of 1987 in India consolidated and amended laws relating to the treatment of mentally ill persons. Some key points:
- It established central and state mental health authorities to regulate psychiatric hospitals and services.
- Hospitals require licenses from these authorities. Admission can be voluntary, under special circumstances, or by court order.
- The Act protects patients' rights and outlines procedures for admission, discharge, leaves of absence, and moving patients.
- It addresses maintenance of patients, management of property, and penalties for non-compliance with the Act's guidelines.
This document provides an overview of mental health laws and policies in India, including:
1. It summarizes the history of mental health acts in India from the 1858 Indian Lunatic Asylum Act to the present-day Mental Health Care Bill of 2013.
2. It describes the key aspects and chapters of the Indian Lunacy Act of 1912 and the Mental Health Act of 1987, including definitions, admission procedures, and establishment of psychiatric hospitals.
3. It outlines the proposed amendments in the Mental Health Care Bill of 2013, such as expanded definitions of mental illness, the introduction of advance directives and nominated representatives, and establishment of new governing bodies.
[Forensics] law related mentally disordered ordinance 2001Muhammad Ahmad
The document summarizes the key provisions of the Mental Health Ordinance 2001 in Pakistan. It establishes a Mental Health Authority to oversee mental health services and set standards. The Authority appoints boards of visitors to inspect facilities. The law allows for voluntary as well as involuntary admission and treatment of mentally disordered persons. It provides procedures for assessment, admission, leave and discharge of patients. The police are authorized to temporarily detain individuals found in public places who appear to have a mental disorder and need care.
This is the ppt for nursing students who want to learn about mental health act 1987. and those are teaching the mental health nursing in their respective college
This document provides an overview of the Mental Health Act of 1987 in India. Some key points:
- The Act was passed in 1987 and came into effect in 1993, replacing previous legislation from 1912 and 1858.
- It established central and state mental health authorities to regulate and oversee psychiatric facilities and services.
- The Act covers procedures for licensing psychiatric hospitals and nursing homes, voluntary and involuntary admission of patients, reception orders for long-term detention, rights of detained individuals, and legal oversight of facilities.
- Its goals were to improve standards of care for the mentally ill, protect their rights and safety, and modernize outdated terminology from previous laws. It aims to balance treatment and protection of both patients
The person are now seen as mentally ill persons who requires care and protection. The Act also takes care of mentally ill person who are wandering aimlessly.
Admission+Discharge+Rights OF b.SC NURSING PSYCHIATRIC NURSING.pptelizakoirala3
This document discusses the legal aspects of psychiatric care, including admission and discharge procedures for mentally ill patients, the rights of mentally ill persons, and relevant mental health acts and policies. It provides details on voluntary versus involuntary admission, the admission process, types of discharge including conditional discharge, and the rights of mentally ill persons to privacy, confidentiality, consent in treatment, and least restrictive care.
The document summarizes key aspects of the Mental Health Act of 1987 in India. It outlines the history and objectives of the act, including replacing outdated terminology. It describes the establishment of central and state mental health authorities. It also explains provisions around licensing of psychiatric facilities, admission and detention procedures, discharge processes, leave of absence, and the inspection of facilities. The document breaks down the various chapters of the act and the procedures established around admitting and treating mentally ill individuals.
psychoneuroimmunology in relation to psychiatric nursingssuser8767171
Psychoneuroimmunology is the study of the interaction between psychological processes, the nervous system, and the immune system. It was coined in 1975 by Robert Ader and Nicholas Cohen who demonstrated conditioning of the immune system. Stress and traumatic experiences can change brain biochemistry and reduce immune system effectiveness. The nervous system affects the endocrine and immune systems through the HPA axis and autonomic nervous system. Cytokines produced by immune cells also impact the central nervous system and HPA axis, influencing neurotransmitters and brain regions. Increased stress can lead to immunomodulation through these pathways. Stress management can include exercise, medication, social support, and counseling.
Communication skills for nurses in clinical settingsssuser8767171
This document discusses effective communication and the nurse-patient relationship. It outlines various aspects of communication including definitions, the communication process, modes of communication, barriers, and therapeutic communication techniques nurses can use such as empathy, listening, attending, reflecting, questioning, clarifying, and giving feedback. Good communication is important for understanding patients, improving relationships, and providing quality patient care. It allows nurses to properly assess patients, implement interventions, and evaluate outcomes.
The Mental Healthcare Act was drafted in 1987 and implemented in 1993 to replace outdated mental health legislation and establish standards for the humane treatment of mentally ill individuals. It aims to consolidate laws around treatment, management, and protection of mentally ill persons. Key provisions include establishing central and state mental health authorities, licensing of psychiatric facilities, procedures for admission and discharge, and protections for patients' rights and welfare. It also defines terms and outlines offenses and penalties.
The document discusses legal issues in mental health nursing in India. It provides an overview of the Mental Health Act of 1987 and the Mental Health Care Bill of 2013, including their objectives, key features, and rights of mentally ill patients. It also explains the roles and legal responsibilities of nurses in admission and discharge procedures, including issues of consent, confidentiality, and record keeping. The legal responsibilities of mentally ill patients regarding civil and criminal matters are also outlined.
The Mental Health Act was enacted in 1987 to replace the outdated Indian Lunacy Act of 1912 and consolidate laws around the treatment of mentally ill persons. It aims to regulate admission to psychiatric facilities, protect patients' rights and society, and establish authorities to oversee mental health services. Key aspects include procedures for voluntary admission, admission under temporary treatment orders or reception orders, and discharge. It also covers management of patient property, liability for maintenance costs, and protections for human rights and participation in research. Overall, the Act aims to reduce stigma, incorporate modern scientific knowledge, and safeguard the rights and welfare of mentally ill individuals under treatment.
The document discusses the Mental Health Act of 1987 in India. It provides definitions of key terms from the act like mentally ill person, psychiatrist, and reception order. It outlines the objectives and various chapters of the act. The chapters cover establishment of mental health authorities, psychiatric hospitals and nursing homes, procedures for admission and detention of mentally ill patients, discharge and leave of absence. It also discusses the penalties and procedures under the act. The Mental Healthcare Act of 2017 introduced revisions like decriminalizing attempted suicide and recognizing the agency of people with mental illness. It has 16 chapters covering rights of persons with mental illness, duties of government authorities, and establishments and boards for mental healthcare.
The Mental Health Act of 1987 replaced the previous Indian Lunacy Act of 1912. Some key points of the Mental Health Act include:
- It established central and state mental health authorities to regulate and coordinate mental health services.
- It provided guidelines for establishing and licensing psychiatric hospitals and nursing homes.
- It outlined procedures for voluntary admission, involuntary admission via a reception order from a magistrate, and discharging patients.
- It addressed the inspection of facilities, leaves of absence, and transferring patients.
- It covered judicial inquiries regarding mentally ill individuals with property and appointing guardians to manage their affairs.
- It discussed who bears the cost of maintaining patients and protecting the human rights of mentally
The Indian Mental Health Act of 1987 aims to regulate psychiatric hospitals and provide proper treatment and care for mentally ill persons. It establishes central and state authorities to oversee mental health services. The Act allows government to establish psychiatric hospitals and nursing homes. It requires licenses for facilities and outlines conditions for granting, renewing, and revoking licenses. The Act also covers admission procedures, discharge of patients, protection of patient rights, and penalties for non-compliance.
Legal & ethical issue in psychiatry by suresh aadi8888Suresh Aadi Sharma
This document discusses legal issues in psychiatric nursing. It begins with an overview of the relationship between psychiatry and the law, noting the tension between individual rights and social needs. It then discusses ethical considerations for psychiatric nurses, including sensitivity to patient rights and needs, issues of power, and avoiding paternalism. The document provides an overview of mental health law and shifting perspectives from a focus on patient rights to limiting rights of the mentally ill. It discusses sources of mental health laws and provides a history and overview of key Indian mental health acts - the Indian Lunacy Act of 1912, the Mental Health Act of 1987, and the draft National Mental Health Care Act of 2010. Key concepts around forensic psychiatry are also summarized.
The document discusses India's laws and policies related to mental health, including the evolution from the Indian Lunacy Act of 1912 to the current Mental Healthcare Act of 2017. Some key points:
- The Mental Healthcare Act of 2017 aims to protect the human rights of those with mental illness and fulfill India's obligations under the UN Convention on Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
- It decriminalized attempted suicide and introduced concepts such as advance directives, nominated representatives, and rights of persons with mental illness.
- The act established authorities like the Central Mental Health Authority and State Mental Health Authorities to oversee mental healthcare delivery.
- Compared to previous laws which took a custodial approach, the new
This document discusses the Mental Health Ordinance of 2001 and procedures related to mentally ill patients. It outlines the objectives of the ordinance as consolidating laws around the treatment and care of mentally disordered persons. It describes the procedures for admission, discharge, and handling wandering patients. It also discusses testamentary capacity, requirements for a valid will, the role of doctors in taking wills, and the civil responsibilities of mentally ill patients.
The Mental Health Act of 1987 in India consolidated and amended laws relating to the treatment of mentally ill persons. Some key points:
- It established central and state mental health authorities to regulate psychiatric hospitals and services.
- Hospitals require licenses from these authorities. Admission can be voluntary, under special circumstances, or by court order.
- The Act protects patients' rights and outlines procedures for admission, discharge, leaves of absence, and moving patients.
- It addresses maintenance of patients, management of property, and penalties for non-compliance with the Act's guidelines.
This document provides an overview of mental health laws and policies in India, including:
1. It summarizes the history of mental health acts in India from the 1858 Indian Lunatic Asylum Act to the present-day Mental Health Care Bill of 2013.
2. It describes the key aspects and chapters of the Indian Lunacy Act of 1912 and the Mental Health Act of 1987, including definitions, admission procedures, and establishment of psychiatric hospitals.
3. It outlines the proposed amendments in the Mental Health Care Bill of 2013, such as expanded definitions of mental illness, the introduction of advance directives and nominated representatives, and establishment of new governing bodies.
[Forensics] law related mentally disordered ordinance 2001Muhammad Ahmad
The document summarizes the key provisions of the Mental Health Ordinance 2001 in Pakistan. It establishes a Mental Health Authority to oversee mental health services and set standards. The Authority appoints boards of visitors to inspect facilities. The law allows for voluntary as well as involuntary admission and treatment of mentally disordered persons. It provides procedures for assessment, admission, leave and discharge of patients. The police are authorized to temporarily detain individuals found in public places who appear to have a mental disorder and need care.
This is the ppt for nursing students who want to learn about mental health act 1987. and those are teaching the mental health nursing in their respective college
This document provides an overview of the Mental Health Act of 1987 in India. Some key points:
- The Act was passed in 1987 and came into effect in 1993, replacing previous legislation from 1912 and 1858.
- It established central and state mental health authorities to regulate and oversee psychiatric facilities and services.
- The Act covers procedures for licensing psychiatric hospitals and nursing homes, voluntary and involuntary admission of patients, reception orders for long-term detention, rights of detained individuals, and legal oversight of facilities.
- Its goals were to improve standards of care for the mentally ill, protect their rights and safety, and modernize outdated terminology from previous laws. It aims to balance treatment and protection of both patients
The person are now seen as mentally ill persons who requires care and protection. The Act also takes care of mentally ill person who are wandering aimlessly.
Admission+Discharge+Rights OF b.SC NURSING PSYCHIATRIC NURSING.pptelizakoirala3
This document discusses the legal aspects of psychiatric care, including admission and discharge procedures for mentally ill patients, the rights of mentally ill persons, and relevant mental health acts and policies. It provides details on voluntary versus involuntary admission, the admission process, types of discharge including conditional discharge, and the rights of mentally ill persons to privacy, confidentiality, consent in treatment, and least restrictive care.
The document summarizes key aspects of the Mental Health Act of 1987 in India. It outlines the history and objectives of the act, including replacing outdated terminology. It describes the establishment of central and state mental health authorities. It also explains provisions around licensing of psychiatric facilities, admission and detention procedures, discharge processes, leave of absence, and the inspection of facilities. The document breaks down the various chapters of the act and the procedures established around admitting and treating mentally ill individuals.
Similar to legalissuesinmentalhealthnursing-.pptx (20)
psychoneuroimmunology in relation to psychiatric nursingssuser8767171
Psychoneuroimmunology is the study of the interaction between psychological processes, the nervous system, and the immune system. It was coined in 1975 by Robert Ader and Nicholas Cohen who demonstrated conditioning of the immune system. Stress and traumatic experiences can change brain biochemistry and reduce immune system effectiveness. The nervous system affects the endocrine and immune systems through the HPA axis and autonomic nervous system. Cytokines produced by immune cells also impact the central nervous system and HPA axis, influencing neurotransmitters and brain regions. Increased stress can lead to immunomodulation through these pathways. Stress management can include exercise, medication, social support, and counseling.
Communication skills for nurses in clinical settingsssuser8767171
This document discusses effective communication and the nurse-patient relationship. It outlines various aspects of communication including definitions, the communication process, modes of communication, barriers, and therapeutic communication techniques nurses can use such as empathy, listening, attending, reflecting, questioning, clarifying, and giving feedback. Good communication is important for understanding patients, improving relationships, and providing quality patient care. It allows nurses to properly assess patients, implement interventions, and evaluate outcomes.
CommunicationSkills for psychiatric nursesssuser8767171
This document defines communication and discusses key concepts in therapeutic communication between nurses and clients. It outlines verbal and nonverbal communication methods and barriers. Effective communication involves active listening, empathy, genuineness, and establishing trust. When communicating with anxious, angry, or depressed clients specifically, interventions include recognizing your own anxiety, using de-escalation techniques, setting limits, and spending time with the client to understand their perspective and provide support. The goal is to reduce client distress and encourage wellness.
This document defines attitude and its components. An attitude is a positive or negative evaluation of an object that influences behavior toward that object. Attitudes have three components - cognitive, affective, and behavioral. The cognitive component comprises facts and knowledge about an object. The affective component involves emotions and feelings toward an object. The behavioral component refers to the tendency to behave in a certain way based on the cognitive and affective evaluations. Characteristics of attitudes are that they have an object, are learned, are predispositions, are relatively stable, and influence behavior. There are four types of attitudes - positive, negative, neutral, and sikken. Positive attitudes include confidence and happiness, while negative attitudes include anger and frustration.
Attitudes are evaluative statements that indicate one's feelings toward people, objects, events, or situations. They can be positive or negative. Positive attitudes are characterized by optimism, while negative attitudes involve disdain. Attitudes are formed through experiences, conditioning, social influences, and have cognitive, affective, and behavioral components. They serve functions like adjustment, self-expression, and knowledge. Common theories for attitude formation and change include cognitive consistency theories and social judgment theories. Research on student attitudes found them to be generally low positive, with recommendations to improve attitudes including visualizing goals and having a positive outlook.
There are many factors that can affect a person's nutritional needs, including their age, health, gender, genetics, environment, lifestyle, food quality and quantity, emotions, and occupation. Nutritional needs change throughout one's life as their body grows and ages. Additionally, factors like weather, physical activity levels, illnesses, and stress can require more or different types of nutrients. Quality and source of food are also important determinants of the nutrients available.
This document discusses several theories of motivation, including:
1. Maslow's hierarchy of needs which arranges human needs in a pyramid from basic physiological needs at the bottom to self-actualization needs at the top.
2. Drive theory which proposes that internal drives arising from biological needs create tension that motivates behavior aimed at reducing that tension.
3. Arousal theory which suggests people seek to maintain an optimal personal level of arousal and will engage in stimulating or relaxing activities accordingly.
4. Incentive theory which posits that external rewards and punishments motivate behavior rather than internal drives.
This document defines conflicts and describes different types of conflicts. It begins by defining conflict as a state of tension between opposing desires, wishes, or goals. Conflicts are classified as occurring between persons, between a person and their environment, or within a person. Intra-personal conflicts include approach-approach, avoidance-avoidance, and approach-avoidance conflicts. The document also discusses methods for resolving conflicts, including task-oriented reactions that directly address the problem, and defense-oriented reactions that aim to escape or avoid the problem.
This document discusses developmental psychology and the stages of human development from infancy to old age. It covers principles of development such as development being continuous and influenced by both maturation and learning. Key developmental stages are outlined, including typical ages, characteristics, and tasks. Factors influencing development like genetics, environment, and life events are also examined. The needs of children in different stages like infancy and early childhood are explored, along with the important role of nurses in meeting these needs.
The document discusses the admission and discharge process for patients in the hospital. It defines admission as allowing a patient to stay in the hospital for care and outlines the purposes of admission such as providing immediate care, assessing the patient, and establishing a nurse-patient relationship. The types of admission include emergency and routine admission. The document also discusses preparing the patient's room and unit for admission, the roles of the nurse during admission and discharge planning, and the steps to discharge a patient including completing records and ensuring instructions are understood.
The document discusses the admission and discharge process for patients in the hospital. When admitting a patient, nurses complete preliminary procedures like collecting patient information, vital signs, and specimens. They explain hospital routines and make the patient comfortable. For discharge, nurses prepare patients by addressing questions and needs, reviewing treatment plans, and arranging transportation. They provide medications, instructions, and arrange follow-up care. Effective discharge planning teaches patients about their conditions and home care to support recovery after leaving the hospital.
This document discusses stress, including what it is, the different types (eustress and distress), the four stages of stress (alarm, resistance, adaptation, exhaustion), common causes and signs of stress. It also provides strategies for effectively managing and coping with stress in positive ways, such as exercising, relaxing activities like yoga, meditation and prayer, getting support from others, developing time management and hobby skills, and using relaxation techniques.
This document discusses frustration and conflict, including their differences and how they influence each other. It describes frustration as an emotional response to blocked goals or unmet expectations, while conflict can arise from competing internal or external goals. The document outlines various causes and human responses to frustration, like anger, giving up, stress, and depression. It also describes types of conflict, defense mechanisms, and strategies for managing frustration and conflict, such as identifying their sources, making careful decisions, seeking help, and avoiding indecision.
Mercurius is named after the roman god mercurius, the god of trade and science. The planet mercurius is named after the same god. Mercurius is sometimes called hydrargyrum, means ‘watery silver’. Its shine and colour are very similar to silver, but mercury is a fluid at room temperatures. The name quick silver is a translation of hydrargyrum, where the word quick describes its tendency to scatter away in all directions.
The droplets have a tendency to conglomerate to one big mass, but on being shaken they fall apart into countless little droplets again. It is used to ignite explosives, like mercury fulminate, the explosive character is one of its general themes.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
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2. Introduction
Psychiatric nurses have to work in
psychiatric units for 24 hours and the final
responsibility of the ward management will be
on nurses alone. Hence, the nurses have to be
well versed in the legal aspects related to
treatment of mentally ill.
3. Cont …..
The knowledge of legal procedures
will help the nurses to teach the client and
his relatives to protect the rights of the
client and to provide comprehensive mental
health care to the needy population.
4. Cont …..
There are twoActs concerned with the care and
treatment of the mentally ill:
• The Indian Mental HealthAct of 1987
• The Indian LunacyAct of 1912
5.
6. THE INDIAN MENTALHEALTH
ACT (1987) – sections and their
implications
The Indian Mental Health Act ( MHA ) was
drafted by the parliament in 1987 but it came into
effect in all the states and union territories of
India in April 1993. This act replaces the Indian
LunacyAct of 1912.
7. Reasons for Enactment
To prevent the stigma
Mentally ill individuals should be treated like
any other sick persons.
To make fresh legislation in accordance with
the new approach.
8. Objectives
To regulate admission into psychiatric hospitals.
To protect society from mentally ill persons.
To protect citizens from being detained in
psychiatric hospitals.
To regulate maintenance charges.
To facilitate guardianship.
9. Cont….
To establish central and state authorities for
mental health services.
To regulate the powers of the government
To provide legal aid to mentally ill.
10. Salient features of theAct
The act is divided into 10 chapters
consisting of 98 sections.
11. CHAPTER I
It contains preliminary information and some
definitions.
Psychiatric hospitals / Nursing home
Mentally ill person
Psychiatrist
Reception order
12. Psychiatric hospitals / Nursing home
A hospital/ nursing home established or
maintained by the government or any other
person for the care of mentally ill persons.
13. Mentally ill person
A person who is in need of treatment by
reason of any mental disorder other than
mental retardation.
14. Psychiatrist
A medical practitioner possessing a post-
graduate degree or diploma in psychiatry
recognized by the MCI (Medical Council of
India).
15. Reception order
An order made under the provisions of this
Act for the admission and detention of a
mentally ill person in a psychiatric
hospital/nursing home.
16. Outdated definitions are changed based
on newer concepts and knowledge
Old term
Lunatic
Lunatic asylum
Criminal lunatic
New term
Mentally ill person
Psychiatric hospital
Mentally ill prisoner
17. CHAPTER II
It deals with establishment of central and
state authorities for regulation and co-
ordination of mental health services.
18. CHAPTER III
It provides guidelines for establishment and
maintenance of psychiatric hospitals /
nursing homes.
19. CHAPTER IV
It deals with the procedures for admission
and detention in psychiatric hospitals /
nursing homes.
20. Admission on
voluntary basis
Sec.15 and 16
Admission
underAuthority
/ Order
Admission
under special
circumstances
Sec.19
Reception on
Application
Sec.20
Reception on
production
before
Magistrate
Sec.23
Reception
after inquest
Sec.26
Admission and
detention of
mentally ill
prisoner Sec.27
21. Cont….
Admission on Voluntary Basis
Admission under Special Circumstances
Admission under Reception order
Admission in Emergencies
Temporary Treatment Order
Admission of Mentally Ill Prisoners
MiscellaneousAdmission
22. 1.Admission on Voluntary Basis
Any person who considers him self to be mentally ill and
wishes to be admitted to a psychiatric hospital may apply
to the medical officer-in-charge; if he is a minor, the
guardian can make this application on his behalf.
The medical officer should make inquiry within 24hours
and should admit the patient if he opines that treatment is
required. The voluntary patient thus admitted is now
bound to abide by the rules made by the institution.
23. 2.Admission under Special Circumstances
Any mentally ill patient who is unwilling for
admission on a voluntary basis may be admitted
and kept as an inpatient in a psychiatric hospital/
nursing home.
For such purpose an application should be made
out on his/her behalf by a relative or a friend of the
mentally ill person, provided the medical officer
deems fit.
24. 3.Admission under Reception Order
On application: Only a relative not other than
husband, wife, guardian or a friend can make out
an application for the admission of a mentally ill
patient.
On production before the magistrate: Mentally ill
patients exhibiting violent behavior, creating
obscene scenes and dangerous to the society can be
detained by the police officer and produced in
court within 24 hours
26. 4.Admission in Emergencies
The medical officer in-charge may order the
admission of a mentally ill patient if he thinks he is
dangerous to himself or others. However the patient
should be produced before the magistrate within
24hours (maximum time limit is 72hours, which is
exclusive of the examination period), or the
magistrate himself may visit the psychiatric hospital/
nursing home and pass reception order on
examination.
27. 5. Temporary Treatment Order
It is an order issued by the magistrate in cases
where the risk is perceived to the patient's life or
to that of others. If the medical officer in-charge
feels it necessary to bring legal authorities into
the picture he can do so by applying to the
magistrate.
28. 6.Admission of Mentally Ill Prisoners
A mentally ill prisoner may be admitted into a
mental hospital on the order of the presiding
officer or a court.
29. 7. MiscellaneousAdmission
A mentally ill patient can be admitted either on
humanitarian grounds (e.g. wanderers) or for
observation purpose. Social workers can obtain
an order from the magistrate pending report from
medical officer.
30. CHAPTER V
It deals mainly with the procedure to be
followed for the discharge of mentally ill
persons.
32. Cont…
Discharge of a PatientAdmitted on Voluntary
Basis.
Discharge of a PatientAdmitted under Special
Circumstances.
Discharge of a PatientAdmitted on Reception
Order.
33. Cont….
Discharge of a PatientAdmitted by Police
Discharge of a Mentally ill Prisoner
Leave ofAbsence ( Section 45 )
34. 1. Discharge of a PatientAdmitted on
Voluntary Basis
Medical officer in-charge of psychiatric
hospital/ nursing home on recommendation
from two medical practitioners preferably a
psychiatrist, can issue directions for
discharge of the patient.
35. 2. Discharge of a PatientAdmitted under
Special Circumstances
A relative or a friend may make an application to
the medical officer for care and custody of the
patient. The relatives are required to furnish a
bond with or without sureties, along with an
undertaking that the mentally ill person shall be
prevented from causing injury to self or others.
36. 3. Discharge of a PatientAdmitted on
Reception Order
An applicant who feels that the patient has
recovered from illness may make an application
for discharge to the magistrate. A certificate
should accompany such an application from
medical officer in-charge of the psychiatric
hospital/nursing home. If the magistrate deems
fit he may issue an order for discharge.
37. Application
Acertificate from medical officer-in-
charge of psychiatric hospital /
nursing home
Amagistrate issues an order if patient
is fit for discharge
38. 4. Discharge of a PatientAdmitted by Police
In cases where the police detain the mentally
ill individual in hospital, he may be
discharged after the family members agree in
writing to take proper care, and the medical
officer-in-charge opines that he is fit to be
discharged.
39. 5. Discharge of a Mentally Ill Prisoner
The hospital authorities have to report every 6
months about the person's state of mind to the
authority, which had ordered detention. As soon as
they find that the person is fit to stand the trial,
they have to inform about the same to the authority
concerned. The person is then handed over to the
prison officer for further legal action.
40. 6. Leave ofAbsence (section 45)
On application by a relative or others to the
medical officer-in-charge and a bond duly
signed stating that the patient will be taken
proper care of and prevented from injuring self
or others, leave of absence may be granted (for
a period of maximum 60days).
41. CHAPTER VI
It deals with judicial enquiry regarding
mentally ill persons possessing property,
their custody and management of property.
Sec – 54.
Sec – 97.
42. CHAPTER VII
It deals with ways and means to meet the
cost of maintenance of mentally ill persons
detained in psychiatric hospitals / nursing
home. Sec – 78.
43. CHAPTER VIII
It is the latest addition to the act and it
contains a very novel and explicit provision
for protection of human rights of mentally
ill persons. Sec - 81
44. Cont..,
1. No mentally ill person shall be subjected
during treatment to any indignity (physical
or mental) or cruelty.
2. No mentally ill person under treatment
shall be used for the purpose of research
unless
• such research is of direct benefit to him.
45. Cont..,
•a consent has been obtained in writing
from the person (involuntary admission) or
from the guardian/relative (if admission
was involuntary).
3. No letter or communication sent by or to
a mentally ill person shall be intercepted,
detained or destroyed.
46. CHAPTER IX
It deals with the procedures to be followed
for the establishment and maintenance of
psychiatric hospitals / nursing homes, and
the penalties, which can be relatively severe
and explicit, for contravening them.
47. CHAPTER X
It deals with clarification pertaining to
certain procedures to be followed by the
medical officer in-charge of the psychiatric
hospital / nursing home.
48. Positive qualities of the MHA 1987
Incorporates the latest scientific knowledge and
social concepts
An attempt is made to make mental illness look
on par with physical illness to reduce stigma
The definitions are in a progressive way
The ‘treatability’is the essential criterion
49. Cont..,
Indian mental health act is not applicable to
untreatable conditions like mental retardation and
dementia.
Psychiatric patients admitted in general hospitals
or nursing homes are spared.
Formation of mental health authorities provide
opportunities for better monitoring of services
Out patient services are mandatory in psychiatry
hospitals or nursing homes
50. Cont..,
Admission procedures are simplified
Discharge procedures are made easier
Provision for separate hospitals for children,
addicts and psychopaths
Efforts made to safeguard human rights of
mentally ill person.
51. Nursing Implications
The legal and ethical context of care is important for
all psychiatric nurses because it focuses concern on
the right of patients and the quality care they
receive.
The knowledge of legal aspects enhances the
freedom of both the nurse and the patient, informs
their ethical decision making, and ultimately results
in better care.
52.
53. THE INDIAN LUNACYACT (1912)
It is derived from English Lunacy Act, 1890
and it contains eight chapters. Act 4 of Indian
Lunacy Act (ILA), 1912, replaced Act 36 of The
Indian LunaticAsylumsAct, 1858.
It was enacted to govern reception, detention
and care of lunatics and their property and to
consolidate and amend the laws relating to lunacy.
54. Cont….
The act was divided into 4 parts and 8
chapters consisting of 100 sections. The
enactment of ILA of 1912 was followed by
opening of many new asylums, an improvement in
the general conditions of asylums, and an increase
in awareness regarding the prevailing situation of
lunatics in such asylums.
55. CHAPTER I
It contains some preliminary information and
definitions.
Asylum
Cost maintenance
Lunatic
58. CHAPTER III
It describes the procedures to be followed for
administering care, treatment and discharge.
‘Parole’maximum period of 90 days.
59. CHAPTER IV
The care of lunatic by family members or
relatives. Court appeal by the lunatic or relatives
for properties disbursement for a term not
exceeding five years.
60. CHAPTER V
It deals with proceedings in lunacy outside
presidency towns. Fine of Rs.500/- will be
collected from the manager of lunatic appointed
by court, if he is not properly maintaining.
61. CHAPTER VI
It deals with establishment of asylums. If
asylums are not functioning properly they can
cancel the license of asylums to function.
62. CHAPTER VII
It deals with expenses of lunatics.
Asylums and state government will bear the
expenses of lunatics.
63. CHAPTER VIII
It deals with rules to be imposed by the state
government regarding care of lunatics.
64. Basic Rights of Mentally ill Patients and
Nurse's Responsibilities
Psychiatric patients are often the least capable
of protecting their own rights. It is therefore one
of the responsibilities of the nurse to guide the
patients and relatives in matters related to their
rights and protect the patient from any
mistreatment.
65. Some of the Rights of Psychiatric Patients
The right to wear their own clothes.
The right to have individual storage space
The right to keep and use their own personal
possessions.
The right to spend a sum of their money
The right to have reasonable access like
telephone, letter writing and mailing.
66. Cont..,
The right to see visitors every day.
The right to treatment in the least restricted
setting.
The right to hold civil service status.
The right to refuse electroconvulsive therapy.
The right to manage and dispose of property and
execute wills.
67. Nurse's implications for protecting patient's
rights
To protect patient's rights, the nurse should be aware
of these rights in the first place.
She should ensure that ward procedures and policies
should not violate patient's rights.
Discussing these rights with the mental health team
and including these rights in the nursing care plan is
all part of her responsibility in protecting the
patient's rights.
72. Definition
Forensic psychiatry is the branch of
medicine that deals with disorders of the
mind and their relation to legal principles.
73. The basic forensic psychiatry includes:
Crime and psychiatric disorders
Criminal responsibility
Civil responsibility
Laws relating to psychiatric disorders
Admission procedures of patients in a psychiatric
hospital
Civil rights of the mentally ill
Psychiatrists and the court
74. Crime and psychiatric disorders
These are close associations between crime and
psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia,
affective disorders, epilepsy, personality disorder
particularly antisocial personality and drug
dependence disorders.
75. Mentally ill people may commit offence
because:
They do not understand the implication of
their behavior
Due to delusions and hallucinations
like confusion,
Abnormal mental states
excitement etc.
Drug related violence
76.
77. Criminal Responsibility
According to section 84 of the Indian Penal
Code of 1860 “Nothing is on offence which is
done by a person who, at the time of doing it,
by reason of unsoundness of mind, is ‘incapable
of knowing the nature of the act, or that he is
doing what is either wrong or contrary to law’.
78. Criteria used to determine criminal
responsibility:
M’Naghten’s rule
The irresistible impulse test
The Durham test/ Product rule
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86. Irresistible ImpulseAct
According to this rule, a person may have
known an act was illegal but as a result of
mental impairment lost control of their
actions.
87.
88.
89. Civil Responsibilities of a Mentally Ill
person
Management of Property: The court may on an
application from any relative direct an inquiry to
ascertain whether a person is of unsound mind and
incapable of managing his property. In such a case a
manager is appointed by the court of law to take care
of his property, which may include sale or disposal
of the property to settle his debts / expenses.
90. Marriage
As per the Hindu Marriage Act (1955),marriage between
any two individuals one of whom was of unsound mind at
the time of marriage is considered null and void in the eyes
of the law. Unsoundness of mind for a continuous period
can be sighted as a ground for obtaining divorce. The other
party can file for divorce when lunacy continues for a
period of more than 2 years after marriage. However if
divorce is filed after a 3year period, divorce is granted with
a precondition that the other party has to pay maintenance
charges for the mentally ill person.
91. Testamentary Capacity
As per the Indian Succession Act, testamentary capacity of
the mental ability of a person is a precondition for making
a valid will. The testator must be a major, free from
coercion, understanding and displaying soundness of mind.
At times doctors and nurses are called upon to witness the
will of an ailing person. Under such circumstances the
doctor tests the testator for orientation, concentration and
memory. A person affected by delusional disorder can also
make a valid will if those delusions are not related to the
disposal of the property.
92. Right to Vote
A person of unsound mind cannot contest for
elections or exercise the privilege of voting. In
conclusion, nursing practice must confirm to pre-set
legal standards and continuously reorient itself to the
ever evolving legal standards. It is only the
motivated and capable nurse who can incorporate
legal knowledge while dispensing patient care, and it
is to her that many patients will turn for information
and care.
93.
94. 1. Laws Relating to Psychiatry in India
The Care and Treatment Legislation
(Mental Health Legislations)
Criminal Responsibilities Formulation
(Criminal Laws)
Civil Status Provisions (Civil Laws)
95. 2. Mental Health Related Legislations
Mental Health Act 1987
Persons with Disabilities Act 1996
Rehabilitation Council of India Act 1992
Juvenile Justice Act 1986
Consumer Protection Act 1986
96. 3. Civil Laws Relating to Mental Ill
Persons
Indian Evidence Act 1925-Sec. 118
Law of Contract Sec.6, 11and 12
Right to Vote and Stand for Election-Act 326,102
of the Constitution of India
Law of Torts
Testamentary Capacity- Indian SuccessionAct
1925 Sec.59
97. Cont..,
Marriage and Mental Health Legislation
-Indian DivorceAct 1869
-Parsi Marriage + DivorceAct 1936
-Dissolution of Muslim MarriageAct 1939
-The Special MarriageAct 1954
-The Hindu MarriageAct 1955,1976
-The Family CourtAct 1984
98. 4. Civil Laws Relating to Psychiatry
Provisions as to Accused Persons of
Unsound Mind - Secs.328-339 Cr. Pc. 1973
Criminal Responsibility Sec.84 IPC-1860
Attempt to Commit Suicide Sec.309 IPC
Right to Private DefenseAgainst an Insane
Person Sec.98IPC
99. 4. Civil Laws Relating to Psychiatry
Unnatural Offences Sec. 377 IPC (Sexual
Perversions)
Affrays (Sec.159 In Mania)
Misconduct in Public under Intoxication
(e.g.Alcohol Defense Sec.510 IPC)
NDPSAct 1985(Amended 1988)
100. 5. Suicide and Indian Law
Suicide is the only criminal act for which a person is
punished if he fails in the attempt to do so
"No person shall be deprived of his life"Act
21constitution of India
Sec.309/IPC- attempt to commit suicide punishable
1994 - S.C. Judgment - Sec. 309 was declared void
Sec.306- abetment of suicide an offence
No specific laws for assisted suicide and euthanasia
101. 6. The Narcotic Drug and Psychotropic
SubstancesAct (Act 61 of 1985)
In India the opium Act of 1857 was revised first
in 1878. In 1950, the opium Act of 1878 was
revised as the Opium and Revenue Laws Act
1950.
On 16th September 1985, the above mentioned
Acts were repealed and NDPSA Act 61 of 1985
was enforced.
102.
103. The Narcotic Drug and Psychotropic
SubstancesAct (Act 61 of 1985)
In India the opium Act of 1857 was revised first in
1878. In 1950, the opium Act of 1878 was revised
as the Opium and Revenue LawsAct 1950.
On 16th September 1985, the above mentioned Acts
were repealed and NDPSA Act 61 of 1985 was
enforced.
104. Contents
The act includes Narcotic drugs (opium, poppy, straw,
cannabis, cocaine, coca and all related synthesized drugs)
and psychotropic substances (76drugs and their derivatives
e.g. major tranquilizers, minor tranquilizers, pentazocine,
barbiturates etc.).
In this act if a person produces, possesses, transports,
imports, sells, purchases or uses any narcotic drugs or
psychotropic substances (except 'Ganja') he shall be
punishable with
105. Cont…,
Rigorous imprisonment for not less than 10years,
which may be extended up to 20 years and a fine of
not less than 1 lakh rupees, which may extend to
two lakh rupees.
For repeat offence a rigorous imprisonment of not
less than 15 years which may be extended up to 30
years and a fine of not less than 1.5 lakh rupees,
which may be extended up to 3 lakh rupees.
106. Cont…,
For handling 'Ganja', a rigorous imprisonment which
may extend to 10years and a fine up to 1lakh rupees.
On carrying' small quantities' e.g. Heroin - 250 mg,
Opium - 5 gm, Cocaine - 125 mg, Charas - 5gm, as
were later specified in this act, the punishment may
extend to 1year or a fine or both. For Ganja, (below
500gms),imprisonment is up to 6months.
Under a specified court order, there is a provision for
detoxification of the patient.
107. Cont…,
Under a later enactment, the prevention of illicit
traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic
Substances Act (NDPSA) 1988 (Act 46) has been
passed. Now there is a provision for preventive
detention, seizure of property, death penalty if a
person is bound to be trafficking more than or
equal to 1 kg of pure heroin despite conviction
and warning on the first attempt.
108.
109. Introduction
In no other type of nursing are the legal and
ethical considerations of practice so crucial as in
psychiatric nursing. Thus, knowledge of the law
regarding psychiatry in the area where the nurse
is practicing helps her to protect herself from
liability and the patient from unnecessary
detention and mistreatment.
110.
111. Role of the NurseinAdmission Procedure
Amost important feature of the admission procedure involves
settling the patient in the ward.
introducing him to the other staff members and patients.
Before assigning him a bed consider his biological and
emotional needs.
If he seems to be nurturing suicidal ideation or is floridly
psychotic, he should be located in a place where he can be
closely observed.
He should be shown various facilities like availability of
bathroom, recreation, refreshments, etc.
112. Cont…,
Acquaint him with some of the ward rules, e.g. meal time,
ward activities, visiting hours, how to make appointments
to see staff members, timings of any group meetings, etc.
The patient and his relatives are likely to have all sorts of
anxieties about various procedures and investigations.
The nurse needs to be sensitive to these feelings, and give
enough time and attention and allow them to express their
feelings about the patient's condition, treatment and
outcome.
All information should be provided as appropriate.
113. Cont…,
Head to foot observation for any injury.
Orientation to ward structure, policies.
Find out whether patient had food before admission.
Enquire about any legal issue that the patient has
prior to admission.
Perform history collection and MSE.
Write nurse notes; enter in admission register.
114. Role of the Nurse in Parole
Parole is the permission given to patients to
perform certain rituals or attend certain family
functions.
Relatives are clearly instructed about the purpose for
which the patient is being sent home and when he
should be brought back.
Instruct the relatives as to how they should converse
or behave with the mentally ill person according to
the instructions given by the doctor.
115. Cont…,
If the patient is receiving any medications, insist
on regularity and give necessary instructions to
the family members about dosage, side effects,
etc.
The relatives be asked to observe communication
pattern, sleeping pattern, drug allergy,
socialization, ability to perform role.
116. Role of the Nurse in Discharge Procedure
Nurse must ensure that the patient leaves the unit
with all belongings and personal effects, has the
appropriate medications with him, and appointment
for follow-up has been made and understood.
All necessary instructions especially regarding his
medication regimen, side-effects etc. must be clearly
given to the patient and his family members.
117. Cont…,
Any paper work, signing of documents should be
completed. The hospital file along with all charts and notes
should be sent to the medical records section.
The nurse should ascertain his travel plan and offer
assistance if necessary.
The nurse must bear in mind that the patient may have
mixed feelings about leaving the hospital and going back
to his home environment. She should help him cope with
any distress about separating from his newfound friends
and staff members.
118.
119. Legal responsibilities of a nurse
Nurses and other health care providers must never
violate the rights of mentally ill patients.
Nurses must be aware of:
Both the laws in the state in which they practice
Patient’s rights
Criminal and civil responsibilities of mentally ill
patients
Legal documentation
120. The nurse should
Protect the patient’s rights
Keep legal records safely
Maintain confidentiality of patient information
Take informed / substitute consent from patient /
relatives for any procedure
Explain based on level of anxiety, span of
attention and level of ability to decide
121. Nursing Malpractice
Malpractice involves the
professionals to provide
competent care that is given by
failure of
proper and
the
members of their profession, resulting in
harm to the patient.
122. For Malpractice the following elements of
Nursing negligence must be proved
Alegal duty of care existed
The nurse performed the duty negligently
The damages were suffered by the plaintiff
as a result
Damages were substantial
123. Common areas of liability in psychiatric
services
Patient suicide
Failure to diagnose
Problems related to electroconvulsive therapy
Misuse of psychoactive prescription drugs
Breach of confidentiality
Failure to obtain informed consent
Inadequate supervision by trainers and employees
Failure to report abuse
124. Steps to avoid liability in psychiatric
services
The nurse is responsible in reporting information to
co-workers involved in patient care
Maintain the records accurately and clearly
Maintain confidentiality of patients information
Practice within the scope of state laws and nurse
practice act
Collaborate with colleagues to determine the best
course of action
125. Cont..,
Use established practice standard to guide
decisions and action
Always put patient rights and welfare first
Develop effective interpersonal relationship with
patients and family
Document all assessment
interventions and evaluation
data, treatment,
of the patients
response to care accurately and thoroughly
126. Confidentiality
During the nurse-patient relationship a lot of information is
gathered through direct and indirect sources, which is both
verbal and written. Keeping in view the ethics of the
nursing practice, such information gathered is kept
confidential and best used for providing enhanced care
rather than for other purposes such as gossip or personal
gain.
Any breach of confidentiality could jeopardize the best
interests of the patient, be it social or economical, keeping
in view the social stigma attached to mental illness.
127. Informed Consent
Informed consent is more than simply getting a
patient to sign a written consent form. It is a
process of communication between a patient
and a nurse that results in a patient’s
authorization or agreement to a specific medical
intervention.
128. The informed consent should include:
The patient’s diagnosis if known
Nature and purpose of a proposed treatment or
procedure
Mode of administering the treatment
The risk and benefit of a proposed treatment or
procedure
Alternate treatment procedures – risks and benefits
The risk and benefits of not receiving treatment
129. Cont..,
Though most of the patients perceive and act in their
own best interests, some may not be capable of
giving a valid consent. Due to such variations, the
patients have to be screened for the following:
Legal age and sound mind
Intelligence and understanding ability
Ability to express choices
Capacity to comprehend the information given about
the treatment.
130. Substituted Consent
It refers to the situation Where a patient is not
capable of giving their own consent to the
proposed treatment. In such cases authorization is
given by another individual, being a guardian
appointed by the court or the kith and kin on
behalf of the patient.
131. Cont..,
Informed consent to be obtained for the following conditions:
Admission of a person to a psychiatric hospital on a voluntary
basis.
Procedures like ECT, psycho-surgery and other invasive
investigatory procedures like lumbar puncture, spheoidal EEG,
etc.
Pentothal analysis (narco-analysis)
Drug treatments like disulfiram therapy and clozepine therapy
Administration of any research drugs (drug trails)
132. Record Keeping
Nursing notes and progress records constitute
legal documents and hence should be maintained
carefully. They should be non-judgemental and
the statements made should be objective in
nature.