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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
Volume 3 Issue 6, October 2019 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 โ€“ 6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID โ€“ IJTSRD29273 | Volume โ€“ 3 | Issue โ€“ 6 | September - October 2019 Page 1233
Legal Protection of the use of Public Transport
Services in Mandau District - Bengkalis District
Asrizal1, Suhadi Sukendar Situmorang2
1Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Harapan Duri, Indonesia
2Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi LMII, Indonesia
ABSTRACT
The community in general uses city transportation services such as:
Microbuses, city buses or other city transportation to facilitate activitiesfrom
one place to another.
By realizing the importance of the role of transportation, traffic and road
transportation must be arranged in an integrated national transportation
system and be able to realize the availability of transportation services that
are in accordance with the level of traffic demand and orderly, convenient,
fast, smooth and affordable transportation services. people's purchasing
power.
According to Undang-Undang Number 22 / 2009 Concerning Road Traffic
Traffic article 2, the public principles that apply to road traffic and
transportation include transparent, accountable principles, sustainable
principles, participatory principles, useful principles, efficient and effective
principles, balanced principles, integratedprinciples,andtheprincipleofself-
reliance.
The responsibility of business operators (transporters) for public transport
services has been confirmed in Article14of PeraturanPemerintahNumber17
of 1965 concerning the implementation of compulsory passenger accident
liability which states: international civil treatiesconcernedwithaccidentsthat
occur.
KEYWORDS: Legal Protection and Transportation Service Users
How to cite this paper: Asrizal | Suhadi
Sukendar Situmorang"Legal Protectionof
the use of Public Transport Services in
Mandau District - Bengkalis District"
Published in
International Journal
of Trend in Scientific
Research and
Development
(ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-
6470, Volume-3 |
Issue-6, October
2019, pp.1233-1238, URL:
https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29
273.pdf
Copyright ยฉ 2019 by author(s) and
International Journal ofTrendinScientific
Research and Development Journal. This
is an Open Access article distributed
under the terms of
the Creative
CommonsAttribution
License (CC BY 4.0)
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by
/4.0)
1. Background Problems.
Means of transportation is an important factor in realizing a
smooth process in the operation of transporting people by
public transportation.Theimportanceofsuchtransportation
facilities can be reflected in the increasing need for public
transportation services, especially in big cities, the need for
public transportation services on land as if they are already
part of the urban community that does not have their own
vehicles.
The community in general uses city transportation services
such as: Microbuses, city buses or other city transportation
to facilitate activities from one place to another.
By realizing the importance of the role of transportation,
traffic and road transportation must be arranged in an
integrated national transportation system and be able to
realize the availability of transportation services that are in
accordance with the level of traffic demand and orderly,
convenient, fast, smooth and affordable transportation
services. people's purchasing power.
For this reason, the government has issued a policy in the
field of land transportation, namely the issuance of Law No.
22 of 2009 concerning Traffic and Road Transportation in
lieu of Law No. 14 of 1992 and government regulation no. 41
of 1993 concerning Road Transportation which still applies
despite PP No. 41 of 1993 is the implementing regulationsof
Law No. 14 of 2003 because it is mentioned in article 324 of
Law No. 22 of 2009 that:
When this Law comes into force, all regulations
implementing Law Number 14 of 1992 concerning Road
Traffic and Transport (Statute Book of the Republic of
Indonesia Number 49 of 1992 Supplement to the Statute
Book of the Republic of Indonesia Number 3480) are
declared to remain in force under this Law.
In article 2 and article 3 of Law Number 22 Year 2009
concerning Traffic and Road Transportation (hereinafter
abbreviated as UULLAJ)regulatestheprinciplesandpurpose
of transportation. The principle of managing traffic is
regulated in Article 2 of UULLAJ, namely:
A. Transparent Principle.
B. Accountable Principle.
C. Principle of Sustainability.
D. Participatory Principle.
E. Principle of Usefulness.
F. Principle of Efficient and Effective.
G. Balanced Principle.
H. Integrated Principle.
I. The Principle of Mandir.
IJTSRD29273
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID โ€“ IJTSRD29273 | Volume โ€“ 3 | Issue โ€“ 6 | September - October 2019 Page 1234
Service users are every person and / or legal entity thatuses
transportation services both for transportation of people
and goods because transportation here is thetransportation
of people, hence service users are hereinafter referred to as
passengers, while the carrier is a partywhoisboundtocarry
out the transportation of goods / or passengers.
Another understanding is that according to Law Number 22
Year 2009 Concerning Road TrafficRoadArticle1paragraph
22 UULLAJ referred to as a service user is an individual or
legal entity that uses the services of a Public Transport
Company, while those referred to as carriersinLawNumber
22 of 2009 this is equated with the definition of Public
Transportation Company which is mentioned in article
paragraph 21 which reads: Public Transport Company is a
legal entity that provides transportation services of people
and goods with Public Motor vehicles.
With the enactment of Law no. 22 of 2009isexpectedtohelp
realize legal certainty for parties related to the
implementation of transportation suits, be it transportation
entrepreneurs, workers (drivers / drivers) and passengers.
Drivers in carrying out their duties havetheresponsibilityto
be able to carry out their obligations, namely transporting
passengers to the agreed destinationsafelymeansthatin the
process of moving from one place to destination that goes
without obstacles and the passenger is in good health, not
experiencing danger, injury, sick or died so that the purpose
of transportation can be carried out smoothly and in
accordance with the community's use value.
However, in reality there are still often transportation
drivers who take actions that are considered to cause harm
to passengers, both actual losses experienced by passengers
(material losses), as well as immaterial losses such as
disappointment and discomfort felt by passengers while in
public transport .
2. Problem Formulation.
In this service users are often victims of irresponsible
transport behavior.
Based on the problem above, a problem statement can be
made as follows:
A. How is Legal Protection for Users of Public
Transportation Services in Mandau DistrictinBengkalis
Regency in the Perspective of the Public Transportation
Traffic Law?
B. What are the obstacles faced in the Legal Protection of
users of Public Transport Services in Mandau District,
Bengkalis Regency in the Perspective of theRoadTraffic
Law?
C. What are the efforts taken to overcome obstacles to the
Legal Protection of Users of Public TransportServicesin
the District of Mandau in Bengkalis Regency in the
Perspective of the Road Traffic Law?
3. Research Purpose and Use.
A. Research Objectives.
a. To find out how a juridical review of the causes of traffic
accidents in the District of Mandau, Bengkalis Regency
in the Perspective of the Road Traffic Act (Law Number
14 of 1992 Junto Law Number 22 of 2009 concerning
Road Traffic).
b. To identify what are the inhibiting factors in dealing
with traffic accidents in the District of Bengkalis District
in Bengkalis Regency in the Perspective of the Road
Transportation Law (Law Number14of1992JuntoLaw
Number 22 of 2009).
c. To formulate what efforts are made by users of public
transport services in anticipating traffic accidentsinthe
District of Mandau District Bengkalis Regency in the
Perspective of the Road Traffic Law (Act No. 14 of 1992
Junto Act Number 22 Year 2009).
B. Usefulness of Research.
a. To add scientific insights related to research problems
b. To enrich the treasury of knowledge related to research
problems and to become a reference for subsequent
researchers.
c. To be input material in making decisions with research
objects.
4. Theoretical Framework.
Based on the provisions governing legal issues based on the
provisions of Law Number 22 Year 2009 Concerning Road
Traffic.
In Article 1 paragraph 12 of Law No. 22 of 2009 concerning
Road Traffic (UULLAJ) service users are individuals or legal
entities that use public transportation services, in this case
being the object, the service users are referred to as
passengers.
Public vehicles as explained in Law No. 22/2009 concerning
Road Traffic in Article 1 paragraph 9 (UULLAJ) are
motorized vehicles that are provided for use by the public
with an agreement both directly and indirectly on payment
so that they are based on applicable laws and regulations as
a basis for legal certainty to guarantee passengers who feel
disadvantaged by users of public transport services so that
later a sense of justice will be realized for all levelsofsociety.
In reality, to meet various aspects of the needs of users of
public transportation services, especially land
transportation, which is more dominant,alwaysreceivesthe
spotlight from various groups because the land sector is
indeed the highest ranking for the needs of various parties,
but until now the concept of public transportation services
that are still far from what is expected by public transport
service users.
Events like this become a dilemma for users of public
transportation services, on the one hand passengers really
need public transportation services and from the other side
they are users of public transportation services in a weak
and disadvantaged position, for this reason the government
issued Law No. 22 of 2009 concerning Transportationtraffic
The road is expected to be able to provide legal certainty for
passengers who feel disadvantaged by users of public
transport services so that later they can realize a sense of
justice for all parties.
5. Research Methods.
The research methods the authors use are as follows:
A. Type of Research.
In writing this study using a sociological juridical approach,
which is an approach to the problems that occur in society
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID โ€“ IJTSRD29273 | Volume โ€“ 3 | Issue โ€“ 6 | September - October 2019 Page 1235
about the problem then analyzed based on applicable
regulations.
B. Research Location.
The implementation of theResearchLocation wasattheUPT
office of the Mandau District Transportation Office and the
Bengkalis Poralis Sat Lantas Office in Duri.
C. Population and Sample.
a. Population.
The population in this study are:
1. Head of the Transportation Service Unit of the Mandau
District of Bengkalis Regency in Duri.
2. BKO Office Unit Bengkalis / Laka Mandau Police Station
in Duri.
3. Members of the Bengkalis / Satau police station in Duri.
4. Public Transport Driver Mandau District Bengkalis
District in Duri.
5. Users of Public Transportation Services in Mandau
District in Duri.
b. Sample.
The samples in this study are:
1. Head of Transportation Unit of Mandau District, One
Person.
2. BKO Unit Bengkalis Police / Laka Mandau Police Station
Duri S
6. Data Collection Techniques.
A. Observation that is seeing and hearing public opinion
about the problem of users of public transport services
in the District of Mandau.
B. Interview, namely by collecting data throughinterviews
with the Head of the Transportation Unit of Mandau
District and the Head of the BKO Lantas Mandau Duri
Police Station.
C. Literature Review is looking for regulations relating to
problems that occur, after that the data is collected
through a literature study in the form of literature and
other sources relating to issues concerning traffic and
transportation on the highway.
7. Data Analysis.
Sources of data collected are all analyzed based on
descriptive analysis, which is a way of processing data from
field studies, regulations or legal provisions and literature
studies. After that, it is analyzed and discussed, and then
used to solve the problem so that later conclusions can be
drawn, regarding the discussion that departs from common
problems that occur in the community and then discussed
specifically.
8. Law Number 14 of 1992.
Transportation is a very important and strategic means in
smoothing the wheels of the economy, strengthening unity
and integrity and influencing all aspectsofnational andstate
life.
The Importance of Transportation plays a roleassupporting
and driving force for the growth of potential but
undeveloped regions in an effort to improve and equitable
development and its results.
Realizing the role of transportation, traffic and road
transportation must be arranged in an integrated national
transportation system and be able to realize the availability
of transportation services that are compatible with the level
of traffic needs and orderly, safe, secure, comfortable, fast,
organized, smooth, and costly transportation services.
affordable by people's purchasing power.
The operation of traffic and road transport needs to be
carried out on an ongoing basis and continuetobeimproved
so that wider reach and service to the community by taking
into account the public interest and ability ofthecommunity
in Law Number 12 of 1992 also regulates the rights and
obligations as well as the responsibility of service providers
for losses of parties third, as a resultofpublictransportation.
Besides that, in the context of the development of national
law and to further strengthen the realization of legal
certainty with Law number 12 of 1994 concerning road
transport traffic because it is no longer in accordance with
the times, the progress of scienceandtechnologyandhasnot
been arranged in a unified system that is part from
transportation as a whole.
For this reason, the government has issued a policy in the
field of land transportation withtheissuanceofLawNumber
22 of 2009 concerning Road Transportation Traffic inlieu of
Law Number 14 of 1992 as well as Government Regulation
No. 41 of 1993 concerning Road Transportation.
9. Law Number 22 Year 2009.
Law Number 22 of 2009 concerning Road Transportation
Traffic has a strategic role in supporting national
development and integrity as an effort to advance public
welfare as mandated by the 1945 Constitution as part of the
national transportation system, traffic and road transport
must be developed in potential and role. to realize security,
prosperity, order, traffic and road transportation in the
framework of supporting economic development and the
development of science and technology, regional autonomy
and accountability of state administration.
In Law Number 22 Year 2009 Concerning Traffic Force
Roads traffic guidance and road transport are carried out
jointly by all relevant agencies (stakeholders)intheMandau
District area in Bengkalis Regency in accordance with their
respective functions and duties (National Police and
Transportation Agency).
The division of development guidanceisintendedsothatthe
duties and responsibilities of each traffic coach in
accordance with Law Number 22 Year 2009 concerning
Road Transportation Traffic can be seen more clearly and
transparently so that the organizers of traffic and road
transportation can be carried out safely, safely, orderly,
smoothly, efficiently, and can be accounted for.
With regard to operational technical matters, which were
originally stipulated in Act Number 14 of 1992 concerning
Road Transportation Traffic are regulated in government
regulations and implementing regulations and Act Number
22 of 2009 concerning Road TransportationTraffichasbeen
stipulated in a strict and detailed manner with the aim of
ensuring certainty the law in the regulations so that no
longer require many government regulations and
implementing regulations.
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID โ€“ IJTSRD29273 | Volume โ€“ 3 | Issue โ€“ 6 | September - October 2019 Page 1236
10. Legal Protection of Users of Public Transportation
Services in Mandau District, Bengkalis Regency In
the Perspective of the Road Traffic Traffic Law
Perspective.
Before talking about legal protection, it is first necessary to
know the parties involved in transportation regardingthese
parties. It can be stated that there are three related parties,
namely transportation entrepreneurs, drivers and
passengers, basically a transportation agreement occurs
between the transportation businessmanandthepassenger.
The provisions in the KUHD can be found in article 91 jo.
Article 96 of the Criminal Procedure Codethatwhatismeant
by transportation on passenger transport is transportation
entrepreneurs who are bound to carry out transportation.
According to Purwosutjipto, a transportation entrepreneur
is a person who is willing to carry out all transportationwith
the amount of transportation money paid at once for all,
without committing himself to carrying out the
transportation itself. The term organizing transportation
means that transportation can be done alone by
transportation or carried out by others at his command.
While public transportation companies according to Law
Number 22 Year 2009 Concerning Road Transportation
Traffic Article 1 paragraph 21 (UULLAJ) is a legal entity that
provides transportation services of people and / or goods
with Public Motor Vehicles, it is intended that the
transporter can be a legal entity in the form of a company
having the status of a legal entity or a partnership not a legal
entity in the form of a limited partnership (C.V)orindividual
entrepreneurs and in general the transportation of
passengers by public transportation such as Microbuses is
mostly carried out by transportation entrepreneurswho are
not legal entities but are entrepreneurs individually.
This can be supported by data obtained by Organda, that
transport entrepreneurs who have a fleet of as many as 2 to
the fleet and the percentage is 60%and1%ofentrepreneurs
who have 5 to 7 transport fleets, the rest are owned by
entrepreneurs who have one transport fleet, thus for
transport entrepreneurs who have several transport fleets,
in this case transport entrepreneurs can order other people
to carry out transportation, because it is notpossibleforhim
to run the entire transport fleet at once, for that
transportation entrepreneur is the party who manages and
organizes transportation services, whereas meant here is a
driver or a transport driver.
However, it does not rule out the possibility of a
transportation entrepreneur acting as a driver in the event
that only one transportation fleet isowned,meaningthat the
transportation service owner can act as a transporter,
namely the party in the agreement and at the same time the
party carrying out the transportation itself.
The party involved in transportation is the driver, while the
driver according to Law Number 22 Year 2009 Regarding
Road Transportation Traffic Article 1 paragraph 23 UULLAJ
is 'a person who drives a Motorized Vehicle on a road that
has a Driving License'.UnderstandingVehiclesandDriversis
โ€˜People who drive motor vehicles or people who directly
supervise prospective drivers who are learning to drive
motor vehiclesโ€™ to become a driver. A person must have a
driving license or driver's license obtained after a driving
test and the SIM is proof of conversation and the validity of
the driver to drive a motorized vehicle on the road.
Concerning these requirements is further regulated in Law
Number 22 Year 2009 Concerning Road Traffic Traffic
(UULLAJ) Chapter V11 regarding drivers, while the driver in
this case is the party carrying out the transportation that is
bound in a work agreement withthetransport entrepreneur,
here the driver is the party who commit themselves to carry
out transportation by order of transport entrepreneurs in
return for salary or wages. If the driver here is the partywho
bound himself to pay the transportation costs for himself
being transported.
The nature and work agreements that occur between
transport entrepreneurs and drivers are subordinate or
multilevel relations and authorization,subordinationmeans
that transport entrepreneurs commit themselves toprovide
transportation services and are obliged to pay wages to
drivers, but sometimes relationships that occur are
authorization, the intention is that the driver is given power
by the carrier to carry out the transportation activities,
namely transporting passengers who use transportation
services and the driver will deposit a sum of money that has
been determined by the transport entrepreneur every day,
whereas based on the transportation agreement the
passenger has a parallel legal relationship or coordination
with the carrier.
11. Obstacles Faced in Legal Protection of Users of
Public Transportation Services in Mandau District,
Bengkalis Regency In the Perspective of the Road
Traffic Traffic Law.
In overcoming obstacles caused by negligence of the
transporter to the safety of users of public transportation
services and legal protection of users of public transport
services, for that business actors as public transportcarriers
when viewed from Law Number22of2009concerningRoad
Transportation Traffic Article 188 reads: Obstacles or
obstacles that are often encountered in the field of
transportation errors or public transportation
entrepreneurs so far there are often accidents that result in
losses to users of public transport services both minor and
severe accidents, vehicle crews often transfer responsibility
by leaving the victim or fleeing so the user of public
transport services is harmed and the most painful is thatthe
vehicle owner also runs away with the reason that the
vehicle (driver) is responsible so that when viewedfromthe
background of lack of informationandsocial communication
socialization to the community, lack of firmnesstosupervise
an area, and lack of security posts at every point of the area
traversed by public transportsothattheaffectedcommunity
and business actors do not understand the rules that bind
both parties, due to ignorance the parties maintain mutual
opinion each.
The responsibility of business operators (transporters) for
public transport services has been confirmed in Article14of
Government Regulation Number 17 of 1965 concerning the
implementation of compulsory passenger accident liability
which states: international civil treaties concerned with
accidents that occur.
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID โ€“ IJTSRD29273 | Volume โ€“ 3 | Issue โ€“ 6 | September - October 2019 Page 1237
Thus, if seen from the explanation of government regulation
article 14 Number 17 of 1965 there is no reason whatsoever
by business operators (owners) of vehicles / public
transportation not to be responsible for the loss of users of
public transportation services during the process of
transportation if the passenger experiences illness, injuries
that Because the use of public transport service facilities is
required, the carrier (owner / driver) is responsible for the
loss both materially and immaterially and the loss is a direct
result and event that occurs in the organizing of
transportation carried out by transportation.
In addition, individual officers provide tolerance to public
transportation by attracting illegal fees (levies) in certain
places so as to reduce the ability of the authorities in
carrying out law enforcement tasks.
Extortion is an act that enriches oneself without rights or is
not halal that can be classified as corruption and if the
extortion is not handled structurally and is feared to be
sustainable so that it becomes a burden on the community
and eventually entrenches culture which is difficult to
eradicate.
The ability of law enforcers to carry out the task of taking
action on these violations is truly maximized and enhanced
again, demanded to be smarter, professional and tough in
carrying out their duties in eradicating and disciplining
public transportation because it requires mental guidance
and expertise of each individual law enforcementpersonnel.
continuously in improving its professionalism.
12. Attempted Efforts in Overcoming ObstaclestoUsers
of Public Transportation Services in Mandau
District, Bengkalis Regency in the Perspectiveofthe
Road Transportation Traffic Law.
Sometimes the carrier in carrying out the obligation of
carrying out public transportation services for service users
safely to the destination cannot be carried outproperly.This
can occur if in carrying out the error of providing
transportation for service users.
As for what is meant by mistake according to Mr.R.Tresna is
an attitude that is shown by someone who is doing an act
that is not careful, not guarded or negligent according to the
size of every healthy-minded person who is actually not
intended by him, so he is consideredtomakemistakes.Apart
from that, what is the result of that mistake must be
imaginable, it must be preventable and accountable.
The error of the carrier is a form of violation of something
that must be done by the carrier in carrying out the
transportation. It is said that a violation according to
Moeljatno is the existence of an act which is unlawful after it
can be known after there is a wet (regulation) that
determines so.
13. Conclusion.
A. Legal protection for users of public transportation
services in the perspective of the Road Transportation
Traffic Law to ensure the safety of traffic and road
transportation of public transport companies must
comply with the provisions regarding work time and
rest for drivers as stated in Act Number 22 of 2009,
reads article (2) public motorbike drivers have
maximum working time of eight hours (8) a day, public
transport companies mustfollowtheaccidentinsurance
program and pay attention to the condition of the
vehicle to be roadworthy.
B. Obstacles or obstacles faced in protecting public
transport service users, namely the lack of socialization
to the general public regarding the lack of firmness of
law enforcement officers in taking action inthefield,the
limitations of law enforcement members themselves
and the lack of monitoring posts at vulnerable points
that are often traversed by public transport bring users
of public transport services itself.
C. Efforts taken in overcoming obstacles to users of public
transportation services by providing an understanding
to the drivers of the public force about the
responsibilities of users of public transportation
services, increasing the professional lawenforcementin
carrying out the task of course in accordance with the
types of violations committed by transporters and
criminal imprisonment is given through the court's
decision, but the dispute resolution for the actions
carried out by transportation of users of public
transportation services can not only be done through
court media in accordance with article 236 UULLAJ.
14. Suggestions.
A. If due to the transportation process itself causes loss to
the passenger, assistance from the party can be
requested to help facilitate the replacement process
itself because here the related party can be the
intermediary between the carrier and the passenger.
B. So that the parties related to transportation, both
transporters, and DLLAJ can monitor and provide
protection for passengers, at least open a passenger
service center that can be used by the service user
community to submit criticism or suggestions on
transportation issues so that service users can provide
input that can later used as a benchmark for
transporters in organizing public transportation.
C. In addition, law enforcers and related institutions both
the police and DLLAJ can monitor the performance of
the transporters in carrying out transportation for
passengers and there is a need for regulationsregarding
the imposition of stricter and more effective criminal
sanctions to act against transporters who violate the
obligations that should be carried out by the carrier .
REFERENCES
[1] Adulkadir Muhammad,Hukum Pengangkutan Niaga,
(Citra Aditya Bakti, Bambang, 1998).
[2] Hukum Perikatan, Alumni, Bandung, 1982
[3] Hukum Pengangkutan darat,Laut dan Udara (Citra
Aditya Bakti,Bandung 1991).
[4] Huala Adolf,Hukum Penyelesaian Sengketa
Internasional,(Sinar Grafika,Bandung,2004).
[5] Imam Soepomo, Pengantar Hukum,Perburuhan
Cetakan II (Djambatan 95)
[6] Mr. R Trisna, Asas Asas Hukum Pidana (Universitas
Padjajaran, Bandung,1959)
[7] M. Yahya Harahap,Segi-Segi HukumPerjanjian,(Alimni
Bandung,1982)
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID โ€“ IJTSRD29273 | Volume โ€“ 3 | Issue โ€“ 6 | September - October 2019 Page 1238
[8] Porwosutjipto, Pengertian Pokok Hukum Dagang
Indonesia Jilid 3 Hukum Pengangkutan
,(Djambatan,Jakarta,1995)
[9] R. Setiawan, pokok-pokok hukum perikatan, (Karya
Unipress,Jakarta,1979)
[10] Subekti, Hukum Perjanjian, (Intermasa,Jakarta,1987).
[11] Yusuf Sofie, Perlindungan Konsumen dan Instrumen
Hukumnya, (Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung, 2000).
[12] Kitab,Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata Cetakan
Pertama (Pustaka Yustisia 2019)
[13] Kitab,Undang-Undang Hukum Pedana Cetakan
Pertama( Pustaka Yustisia 2009).
[14] Buku,undang-Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 1992 Cetakan
Pertama (Sinar Grafika , Agustus 1993)
[15] Buku, Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003(CV.
Karya Puri Utomo, 2003)
[16] Buku , Undang- UndangNomor22Tahun2009Cetakan
Pertama (Pustaka Yustisia, 2009)

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Legal Protection of the use of Public Transport Services in Mandau District Bengkalis District

  • 1. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) Volume 3 Issue 6, October 2019 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 โ€“ 6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID โ€“ IJTSRD29273 | Volume โ€“ 3 | Issue โ€“ 6 | September - October 2019 Page 1233 Legal Protection of the use of Public Transport Services in Mandau District - Bengkalis District Asrizal1, Suhadi Sukendar Situmorang2 1Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Harapan Duri, Indonesia 2Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi LMII, Indonesia ABSTRACT The community in general uses city transportation services such as: Microbuses, city buses or other city transportation to facilitate activitiesfrom one place to another. By realizing the importance of the role of transportation, traffic and road transportation must be arranged in an integrated national transportation system and be able to realize the availability of transportation services that are in accordance with the level of traffic demand and orderly, convenient, fast, smooth and affordable transportation services. people's purchasing power. According to Undang-Undang Number 22 / 2009 Concerning Road Traffic Traffic article 2, the public principles that apply to road traffic and transportation include transparent, accountable principles, sustainable principles, participatory principles, useful principles, efficient and effective principles, balanced principles, integratedprinciples,andtheprincipleofself- reliance. The responsibility of business operators (transporters) for public transport services has been confirmed in Article14of PeraturanPemerintahNumber17 of 1965 concerning the implementation of compulsory passenger accident liability which states: international civil treatiesconcernedwithaccidentsthat occur. KEYWORDS: Legal Protection and Transportation Service Users How to cite this paper: Asrizal | Suhadi Sukendar Situmorang"Legal Protectionof the use of Public Transport Services in Mandau District - Bengkalis District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456- 6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6, October 2019, pp.1233-1238, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29 273.pdf Copyright ยฉ 2019 by author(s) and International Journal ofTrendinScientific Research and Development Journal. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative CommonsAttribution License (CC BY 4.0) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by /4.0) 1. Background Problems. Means of transportation is an important factor in realizing a smooth process in the operation of transporting people by public transportation.Theimportanceofsuchtransportation facilities can be reflected in the increasing need for public transportation services, especially in big cities, the need for public transportation services on land as if they are already part of the urban community that does not have their own vehicles. The community in general uses city transportation services such as: Microbuses, city buses or other city transportation to facilitate activities from one place to another. By realizing the importance of the role of transportation, traffic and road transportation must be arranged in an integrated national transportation system and be able to realize the availability of transportation services that are in accordance with the level of traffic demand and orderly, convenient, fast, smooth and affordable transportation services. people's purchasing power. For this reason, the government has issued a policy in the field of land transportation, namely the issuance of Law No. 22 of 2009 concerning Traffic and Road Transportation in lieu of Law No. 14 of 1992 and government regulation no. 41 of 1993 concerning Road Transportation which still applies despite PP No. 41 of 1993 is the implementing regulationsof Law No. 14 of 2003 because it is mentioned in article 324 of Law No. 22 of 2009 that: When this Law comes into force, all regulations implementing Law Number 14 of 1992 concerning Road Traffic and Transport (Statute Book of the Republic of Indonesia Number 49 of 1992 Supplement to the Statute Book of the Republic of Indonesia Number 3480) are declared to remain in force under this Law. In article 2 and article 3 of Law Number 22 Year 2009 concerning Traffic and Road Transportation (hereinafter abbreviated as UULLAJ)regulatestheprinciplesandpurpose of transportation. The principle of managing traffic is regulated in Article 2 of UULLAJ, namely: A. Transparent Principle. B. Accountable Principle. C. Principle of Sustainability. D. Participatory Principle. E. Principle of Usefulness. F. Principle of Efficient and Effective. G. Balanced Principle. H. Integrated Principle. I. The Principle of Mandir. IJTSRD29273
  • 2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID โ€“ IJTSRD29273 | Volume โ€“ 3 | Issue โ€“ 6 | September - October 2019 Page 1234 Service users are every person and / or legal entity thatuses transportation services both for transportation of people and goods because transportation here is thetransportation of people, hence service users are hereinafter referred to as passengers, while the carrier is a partywhoisboundtocarry out the transportation of goods / or passengers. Another understanding is that according to Law Number 22 Year 2009 Concerning Road TrafficRoadArticle1paragraph 22 UULLAJ referred to as a service user is an individual or legal entity that uses the services of a Public Transport Company, while those referred to as carriersinLawNumber 22 of 2009 this is equated with the definition of Public Transportation Company which is mentioned in article paragraph 21 which reads: Public Transport Company is a legal entity that provides transportation services of people and goods with Public Motor vehicles. With the enactment of Law no. 22 of 2009isexpectedtohelp realize legal certainty for parties related to the implementation of transportation suits, be it transportation entrepreneurs, workers (drivers / drivers) and passengers. Drivers in carrying out their duties havetheresponsibilityto be able to carry out their obligations, namely transporting passengers to the agreed destinationsafelymeansthatin the process of moving from one place to destination that goes without obstacles and the passenger is in good health, not experiencing danger, injury, sick or died so that the purpose of transportation can be carried out smoothly and in accordance with the community's use value. However, in reality there are still often transportation drivers who take actions that are considered to cause harm to passengers, both actual losses experienced by passengers (material losses), as well as immaterial losses such as disappointment and discomfort felt by passengers while in public transport . 2. Problem Formulation. In this service users are often victims of irresponsible transport behavior. Based on the problem above, a problem statement can be made as follows: A. How is Legal Protection for Users of Public Transportation Services in Mandau DistrictinBengkalis Regency in the Perspective of the Public Transportation Traffic Law? B. What are the obstacles faced in the Legal Protection of users of Public Transport Services in Mandau District, Bengkalis Regency in the Perspective of theRoadTraffic Law? C. What are the efforts taken to overcome obstacles to the Legal Protection of Users of Public TransportServicesin the District of Mandau in Bengkalis Regency in the Perspective of the Road Traffic Law? 3. Research Purpose and Use. A. Research Objectives. a. To find out how a juridical review of the causes of traffic accidents in the District of Mandau, Bengkalis Regency in the Perspective of the Road Traffic Act (Law Number 14 of 1992 Junto Law Number 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic). b. To identify what are the inhibiting factors in dealing with traffic accidents in the District of Bengkalis District in Bengkalis Regency in the Perspective of the Road Transportation Law (Law Number14of1992JuntoLaw Number 22 of 2009). c. To formulate what efforts are made by users of public transport services in anticipating traffic accidentsinthe District of Mandau District Bengkalis Regency in the Perspective of the Road Traffic Law (Act No. 14 of 1992 Junto Act Number 22 Year 2009). B. Usefulness of Research. a. To add scientific insights related to research problems b. To enrich the treasury of knowledge related to research problems and to become a reference for subsequent researchers. c. To be input material in making decisions with research objects. 4. Theoretical Framework. Based on the provisions governing legal issues based on the provisions of Law Number 22 Year 2009 Concerning Road Traffic. In Article 1 paragraph 12 of Law No. 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic (UULLAJ) service users are individuals or legal entities that use public transportation services, in this case being the object, the service users are referred to as passengers. Public vehicles as explained in Law No. 22/2009 concerning Road Traffic in Article 1 paragraph 9 (UULLAJ) are motorized vehicles that are provided for use by the public with an agreement both directly and indirectly on payment so that they are based on applicable laws and regulations as a basis for legal certainty to guarantee passengers who feel disadvantaged by users of public transport services so that later a sense of justice will be realized for all levelsofsociety. In reality, to meet various aspects of the needs of users of public transportation services, especially land transportation, which is more dominant,alwaysreceivesthe spotlight from various groups because the land sector is indeed the highest ranking for the needs of various parties, but until now the concept of public transportation services that are still far from what is expected by public transport service users. Events like this become a dilemma for users of public transportation services, on the one hand passengers really need public transportation services and from the other side they are users of public transportation services in a weak and disadvantaged position, for this reason the government issued Law No. 22 of 2009 concerning Transportationtraffic The road is expected to be able to provide legal certainty for passengers who feel disadvantaged by users of public transport services so that later they can realize a sense of justice for all parties. 5. Research Methods. The research methods the authors use are as follows: A. Type of Research. In writing this study using a sociological juridical approach, which is an approach to the problems that occur in society
  • 3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID โ€“ IJTSRD29273 | Volume โ€“ 3 | Issue โ€“ 6 | September - October 2019 Page 1235 about the problem then analyzed based on applicable regulations. B. Research Location. The implementation of theResearchLocation wasattheUPT office of the Mandau District Transportation Office and the Bengkalis Poralis Sat Lantas Office in Duri. C. Population and Sample. a. Population. The population in this study are: 1. Head of the Transportation Service Unit of the Mandau District of Bengkalis Regency in Duri. 2. BKO Office Unit Bengkalis / Laka Mandau Police Station in Duri. 3. Members of the Bengkalis / Satau police station in Duri. 4. Public Transport Driver Mandau District Bengkalis District in Duri. 5. Users of Public Transportation Services in Mandau District in Duri. b. Sample. The samples in this study are: 1. Head of Transportation Unit of Mandau District, One Person. 2. BKO Unit Bengkalis Police / Laka Mandau Police Station Duri S 6. Data Collection Techniques. A. Observation that is seeing and hearing public opinion about the problem of users of public transport services in the District of Mandau. B. Interview, namely by collecting data throughinterviews with the Head of the Transportation Unit of Mandau District and the Head of the BKO Lantas Mandau Duri Police Station. C. Literature Review is looking for regulations relating to problems that occur, after that the data is collected through a literature study in the form of literature and other sources relating to issues concerning traffic and transportation on the highway. 7. Data Analysis. Sources of data collected are all analyzed based on descriptive analysis, which is a way of processing data from field studies, regulations or legal provisions and literature studies. After that, it is analyzed and discussed, and then used to solve the problem so that later conclusions can be drawn, regarding the discussion that departs from common problems that occur in the community and then discussed specifically. 8. Law Number 14 of 1992. Transportation is a very important and strategic means in smoothing the wheels of the economy, strengthening unity and integrity and influencing all aspectsofnational andstate life. The Importance of Transportation plays a roleassupporting and driving force for the growth of potential but undeveloped regions in an effort to improve and equitable development and its results. Realizing the role of transportation, traffic and road transportation must be arranged in an integrated national transportation system and be able to realize the availability of transportation services that are compatible with the level of traffic needs and orderly, safe, secure, comfortable, fast, organized, smooth, and costly transportation services. affordable by people's purchasing power. The operation of traffic and road transport needs to be carried out on an ongoing basis and continuetobeimproved so that wider reach and service to the community by taking into account the public interest and ability ofthecommunity in Law Number 12 of 1992 also regulates the rights and obligations as well as the responsibility of service providers for losses of parties third, as a resultofpublictransportation. Besides that, in the context of the development of national law and to further strengthen the realization of legal certainty with Law number 12 of 1994 concerning road transport traffic because it is no longer in accordance with the times, the progress of scienceandtechnologyandhasnot been arranged in a unified system that is part from transportation as a whole. For this reason, the government has issued a policy in the field of land transportation withtheissuanceofLawNumber 22 of 2009 concerning Road Transportation Traffic inlieu of Law Number 14 of 1992 as well as Government Regulation No. 41 of 1993 concerning Road Transportation. 9. Law Number 22 Year 2009. Law Number 22 of 2009 concerning Road Transportation Traffic has a strategic role in supporting national development and integrity as an effort to advance public welfare as mandated by the 1945 Constitution as part of the national transportation system, traffic and road transport must be developed in potential and role. to realize security, prosperity, order, traffic and road transportation in the framework of supporting economic development and the development of science and technology, regional autonomy and accountability of state administration. In Law Number 22 Year 2009 Concerning Traffic Force Roads traffic guidance and road transport are carried out jointly by all relevant agencies (stakeholders)intheMandau District area in Bengkalis Regency in accordance with their respective functions and duties (National Police and Transportation Agency). The division of development guidanceisintendedsothatthe duties and responsibilities of each traffic coach in accordance with Law Number 22 Year 2009 concerning Road Transportation Traffic can be seen more clearly and transparently so that the organizers of traffic and road transportation can be carried out safely, safely, orderly, smoothly, efficiently, and can be accounted for. With regard to operational technical matters, which were originally stipulated in Act Number 14 of 1992 concerning Road Transportation Traffic are regulated in government regulations and implementing regulations and Act Number 22 of 2009 concerning Road TransportationTraffichasbeen stipulated in a strict and detailed manner with the aim of ensuring certainty the law in the regulations so that no longer require many government regulations and implementing regulations.
  • 4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID โ€“ IJTSRD29273 | Volume โ€“ 3 | Issue โ€“ 6 | September - October 2019 Page 1236 10. Legal Protection of Users of Public Transportation Services in Mandau District, Bengkalis Regency In the Perspective of the Road Traffic Traffic Law Perspective. Before talking about legal protection, it is first necessary to know the parties involved in transportation regardingthese parties. It can be stated that there are three related parties, namely transportation entrepreneurs, drivers and passengers, basically a transportation agreement occurs between the transportation businessmanandthepassenger. The provisions in the KUHD can be found in article 91 jo. Article 96 of the Criminal Procedure Codethatwhatismeant by transportation on passenger transport is transportation entrepreneurs who are bound to carry out transportation. According to Purwosutjipto, a transportation entrepreneur is a person who is willing to carry out all transportationwith the amount of transportation money paid at once for all, without committing himself to carrying out the transportation itself. The term organizing transportation means that transportation can be done alone by transportation or carried out by others at his command. While public transportation companies according to Law Number 22 Year 2009 Concerning Road Transportation Traffic Article 1 paragraph 21 (UULLAJ) is a legal entity that provides transportation services of people and / or goods with Public Motor Vehicles, it is intended that the transporter can be a legal entity in the form of a company having the status of a legal entity or a partnership not a legal entity in the form of a limited partnership (C.V)orindividual entrepreneurs and in general the transportation of passengers by public transportation such as Microbuses is mostly carried out by transportation entrepreneurswho are not legal entities but are entrepreneurs individually. This can be supported by data obtained by Organda, that transport entrepreneurs who have a fleet of as many as 2 to the fleet and the percentage is 60%and1%ofentrepreneurs who have 5 to 7 transport fleets, the rest are owned by entrepreneurs who have one transport fleet, thus for transport entrepreneurs who have several transport fleets, in this case transport entrepreneurs can order other people to carry out transportation, because it is notpossibleforhim to run the entire transport fleet at once, for that transportation entrepreneur is the party who manages and organizes transportation services, whereas meant here is a driver or a transport driver. However, it does not rule out the possibility of a transportation entrepreneur acting as a driver in the event that only one transportation fleet isowned,meaningthat the transportation service owner can act as a transporter, namely the party in the agreement and at the same time the party carrying out the transportation itself. The party involved in transportation is the driver, while the driver according to Law Number 22 Year 2009 Regarding Road Transportation Traffic Article 1 paragraph 23 UULLAJ is 'a person who drives a Motorized Vehicle on a road that has a Driving License'.UnderstandingVehiclesandDriversis โ€˜People who drive motor vehicles or people who directly supervise prospective drivers who are learning to drive motor vehiclesโ€™ to become a driver. A person must have a driving license or driver's license obtained after a driving test and the SIM is proof of conversation and the validity of the driver to drive a motorized vehicle on the road. Concerning these requirements is further regulated in Law Number 22 Year 2009 Concerning Road Traffic Traffic (UULLAJ) Chapter V11 regarding drivers, while the driver in this case is the party carrying out the transportation that is bound in a work agreement withthetransport entrepreneur, here the driver is the party who commit themselves to carry out transportation by order of transport entrepreneurs in return for salary or wages. If the driver here is the partywho bound himself to pay the transportation costs for himself being transported. The nature and work agreements that occur between transport entrepreneurs and drivers are subordinate or multilevel relations and authorization,subordinationmeans that transport entrepreneurs commit themselves toprovide transportation services and are obliged to pay wages to drivers, but sometimes relationships that occur are authorization, the intention is that the driver is given power by the carrier to carry out the transportation activities, namely transporting passengers who use transportation services and the driver will deposit a sum of money that has been determined by the transport entrepreneur every day, whereas based on the transportation agreement the passenger has a parallel legal relationship or coordination with the carrier. 11. Obstacles Faced in Legal Protection of Users of Public Transportation Services in Mandau District, Bengkalis Regency In the Perspective of the Road Traffic Traffic Law. In overcoming obstacles caused by negligence of the transporter to the safety of users of public transportation services and legal protection of users of public transport services, for that business actors as public transportcarriers when viewed from Law Number22of2009concerningRoad Transportation Traffic Article 188 reads: Obstacles or obstacles that are often encountered in the field of transportation errors or public transportation entrepreneurs so far there are often accidents that result in losses to users of public transport services both minor and severe accidents, vehicle crews often transfer responsibility by leaving the victim or fleeing so the user of public transport services is harmed and the most painful is thatthe vehicle owner also runs away with the reason that the vehicle (driver) is responsible so that when viewedfromthe background of lack of informationandsocial communication socialization to the community, lack of firmnesstosupervise an area, and lack of security posts at every point of the area traversed by public transportsothattheaffectedcommunity and business actors do not understand the rules that bind both parties, due to ignorance the parties maintain mutual opinion each. The responsibility of business operators (transporters) for public transport services has been confirmed in Article14of Government Regulation Number 17 of 1965 concerning the implementation of compulsory passenger accident liability which states: international civil treaties concerned with accidents that occur.
  • 5. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID โ€“ IJTSRD29273 | Volume โ€“ 3 | Issue โ€“ 6 | September - October 2019 Page 1237 Thus, if seen from the explanation of government regulation article 14 Number 17 of 1965 there is no reason whatsoever by business operators (owners) of vehicles / public transportation not to be responsible for the loss of users of public transportation services during the process of transportation if the passenger experiences illness, injuries that Because the use of public transport service facilities is required, the carrier (owner / driver) is responsible for the loss both materially and immaterially and the loss is a direct result and event that occurs in the organizing of transportation carried out by transportation. In addition, individual officers provide tolerance to public transportation by attracting illegal fees (levies) in certain places so as to reduce the ability of the authorities in carrying out law enforcement tasks. Extortion is an act that enriches oneself without rights or is not halal that can be classified as corruption and if the extortion is not handled structurally and is feared to be sustainable so that it becomes a burden on the community and eventually entrenches culture which is difficult to eradicate. The ability of law enforcers to carry out the task of taking action on these violations is truly maximized and enhanced again, demanded to be smarter, professional and tough in carrying out their duties in eradicating and disciplining public transportation because it requires mental guidance and expertise of each individual law enforcementpersonnel. continuously in improving its professionalism. 12. Attempted Efforts in Overcoming ObstaclestoUsers of Public Transportation Services in Mandau District, Bengkalis Regency in the Perspectiveofthe Road Transportation Traffic Law. Sometimes the carrier in carrying out the obligation of carrying out public transportation services for service users safely to the destination cannot be carried outproperly.This can occur if in carrying out the error of providing transportation for service users. As for what is meant by mistake according to Mr.R.Tresna is an attitude that is shown by someone who is doing an act that is not careful, not guarded or negligent according to the size of every healthy-minded person who is actually not intended by him, so he is consideredtomakemistakes.Apart from that, what is the result of that mistake must be imaginable, it must be preventable and accountable. The error of the carrier is a form of violation of something that must be done by the carrier in carrying out the transportation. It is said that a violation according to Moeljatno is the existence of an act which is unlawful after it can be known after there is a wet (regulation) that determines so. 13. Conclusion. A. Legal protection for users of public transportation services in the perspective of the Road Transportation Traffic Law to ensure the safety of traffic and road transportation of public transport companies must comply with the provisions regarding work time and rest for drivers as stated in Act Number 22 of 2009, reads article (2) public motorbike drivers have maximum working time of eight hours (8) a day, public transport companies mustfollowtheaccidentinsurance program and pay attention to the condition of the vehicle to be roadworthy. B. Obstacles or obstacles faced in protecting public transport service users, namely the lack of socialization to the general public regarding the lack of firmness of law enforcement officers in taking action inthefield,the limitations of law enforcement members themselves and the lack of monitoring posts at vulnerable points that are often traversed by public transport bring users of public transport services itself. C. Efforts taken in overcoming obstacles to users of public transportation services by providing an understanding to the drivers of the public force about the responsibilities of users of public transportation services, increasing the professional lawenforcementin carrying out the task of course in accordance with the types of violations committed by transporters and criminal imprisonment is given through the court's decision, but the dispute resolution for the actions carried out by transportation of users of public transportation services can not only be done through court media in accordance with article 236 UULLAJ. 14. Suggestions. A. If due to the transportation process itself causes loss to the passenger, assistance from the party can be requested to help facilitate the replacement process itself because here the related party can be the intermediary between the carrier and the passenger. B. So that the parties related to transportation, both transporters, and DLLAJ can monitor and provide protection for passengers, at least open a passenger service center that can be used by the service user community to submit criticism or suggestions on transportation issues so that service users can provide input that can later used as a benchmark for transporters in organizing public transportation. C. In addition, law enforcers and related institutions both the police and DLLAJ can monitor the performance of the transporters in carrying out transportation for passengers and there is a need for regulationsregarding the imposition of stricter and more effective criminal sanctions to act against transporters who violate the obligations that should be carried out by the carrier . REFERENCES [1] Adulkadir Muhammad,Hukum Pengangkutan Niaga, (Citra Aditya Bakti, Bambang, 1998). [2] Hukum Perikatan, Alumni, Bandung, 1982 [3] Hukum Pengangkutan darat,Laut dan Udara (Citra Aditya Bakti,Bandung 1991). [4] Huala Adolf,Hukum Penyelesaian Sengketa Internasional,(Sinar Grafika,Bandung,2004). [5] Imam Soepomo, Pengantar Hukum,Perburuhan Cetakan II (Djambatan 95) [6] Mr. R Trisna, Asas Asas Hukum Pidana (Universitas Padjajaran, Bandung,1959) [7] M. Yahya Harahap,Segi-Segi HukumPerjanjian,(Alimni Bandung,1982)
  • 6. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID โ€“ IJTSRD29273 | Volume โ€“ 3 | Issue โ€“ 6 | September - October 2019 Page 1238 [8] Porwosutjipto, Pengertian Pokok Hukum Dagang Indonesia Jilid 3 Hukum Pengangkutan ,(Djambatan,Jakarta,1995) [9] R. Setiawan, pokok-pokok hukum perikatan, (Karya Unipress,Jakarta,1979) [10] Subekti, Hukum Perjanjian, (Intermasa,Jakarta,1987). [11] Yusuf Sofie, Perlindungan Konsumen dan Instrumen Hukumnya, (Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung, 2000). [12] Kitab,Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata Cetakan Pertama (Pustaka Yustisia 2019) [13] Kitab,Undang-Undang Hukum Pedana Cetakan Pertama( Pustaka Yustisia 2009). [14] Buku,undang-Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 1992 Cetakan Pertama (Sinar Grafika , Agustus 1993) [15] Buku, Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003(CV. Karya Puri Utomo, 2003) [16] Buku , Undang- UndangNomor22Tahun2009Cetakan Pertama (Pustaka Yustisia, 2009)