1) The document discusses C++ strings and the string class. It provides two representations of strings in C++ - C-style character strings and the string class.
2) Functions like strcpy(), strcat(), strlen() etc. can be used to manipulate C-style strings. The string class provides similar and additional functionality.
3) Examples are given to demonstrate declaring and using C-style strings, the string class, and functions to copy, concatenate, get the length of strings. Input from the user is also demonstrated.
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KANPURESC 111M Lec13.pptxAbhimanyuChaure
This is an presentation of c programming language which is taught at indian institute of technology kanpur in first year first semester under bachelor of technology or bachelor of science.
A string is a data type used in programming, such as an integer and floating point unit, but is used to represent text rather than numbers. It is comprised of a set of characters that can also contain spaces and numbers. For example, the word "hamburger" and the phrase "I ate 3 hamburgers" are both strings.
In this chapter we will explore strings. We are going to explain how they are implemented in C# and in what way we can process text content. Additionally, we will go through different methods for manipulating a text: we will learn how to compare strings, how to search for substrings, how to extract substrings upon previously settled parameters and last but not least how to split a string by separator chars. We will demonstrate how to correctly build strings with the StringBuilder class. We will provide a short but very useful information for the most commonly used regular expressions. We will discuss some classes for efficient construction of strings. Finally, we will take a look at the methods and classes for achieving more elegant and stricter formatting of the text content.
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KANPURESC 111M Lec13.pptxAbhimanyuChaure
This is an presentation of c programming language which is taught at indian institute of technology kanpur in first year first semester under bachelor of technology or bachelor of science.
A string is a data type used in programming, such as an integer and floating point unit, but is used to represent text rather than numbers. It is comprised of a set of characters that can also contain spaces and numbers. For example, the word "hamburger" and the phrase "I ate 3 hamburgers" are both strings.
In this chapter we will explore strings. We are going to explain how they are implemented in C# and in what way we can process text content. Additionally, we will go through different methods for manipulating a text: we will learn how to compare strings, how to search for substrings, how to extract substrings upon previously settled parameters and last but not least how to split a string by separator chars. We will demonstrate how to correctly build strings with the StringBuilder class. We will provide a short but very useful information for the most commonly used regular expressions. We will discuss some classes for efficient construction of strings. Finally, we will take a look at the methods and classes for achieving more elegant and stricter formatting of the text content.
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
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Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
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For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
lecture-5 string.pptx
1. By: Dr. Dawlat Mustafa Sulaiman
Duhok Polytechnic University
Technical College of Administration/First Year
Data Structures
Lecture
2. C++ Strings:
One of the most useful data types supplied in the
C++ libraries is the string. A string is a type of object
(variable) that stores a sequence of letters or other
characters, such as "Hello" or "May 10th is my
birthday!". Just like the other data types.
The string class stores the characters of a
string as a collection of bytes in contiguous
memory locations. Strings are most commonly
used in the programs where string). When we
need to work with texts. We can perform
various operations on the strings in C++.
3. Used C++ string header <string>
and namespace std at top of
program
#include <string>
using namespace std;
4. C++ provides following two types of
string representations
1- The C-style character string.
2- The string class type introduced with
Standard C++.
5. 1.The C-Style Character String
a. 1- This string is actually a one-
dimensional array of characters which is
terminated by a null character '0‘
b. 2- The following declaration and initialization
create a string consisting of the word "Hello".
char greeting[6] = {'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o','0'};
char greeting[] = "Hello";
6. Alternative ways of defining a
string
char str[4] = "C++";
char str[] = {'C','+','+','0'};
char str[4] = {'C','+','+','0'};
Like arrays, it is not necessary to use all the space allocated for the string. For
example:
char str[100] = "C++";
7. memory presentation of defined string
in C++
The C++ compiler automatically places the '0' at
the end of the string when it initializes the array.
Let us try to print “Hello”
8. Example
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main () {
char greeting[6] = {'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', '0'};
cout << "Greeting message: ";
cout << greeting << endl;
return 0;
}
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces
the following result −
Greeting message: Hello
9. C++ supports a wide range of functions that
manipulate null-terminated strings
Sr.No Function & Purpose
1 strcpy(s1, s2);
Copies string s2 into string s1.
2 strcat(s1, s2);
Concatenates string s2 onto the
end of string s1.
3 strlen(s1);
Returns the length of string s1.
10. 4 strcmp(s1, s2);
Returns 0 if s1 and s2 are the same; less
than 0 if s1<s2; greater than 0 if s1>s2.
5 strchr(s1, ch);
Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of
character ch in string s1.
6 strstr(s1, s2);
Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of
string s2 in string s1.
11. Example
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{ char str1[10] = "Hello";
char str2[10] = "World";
char str3[10]; int len ;
strcpy( str3, str1); // copy str1 into str3
cout << "strcpy( str3, str1) : " << str3 << endl;
strcat( str1, str2); // concatenates str1 and str2
cout << "strcat( str1, str2): " << str1 << endl;
len = strlen(str1); // total lenghth of str1 after
concatenation
cout << "strlen(str1) : " << len << endl;
return 0; }
Output
strcpy( str3, str1) : Hello
strcat( str1, str2): HelloWorld
strlen(str1) : 10
12. Example 1:
(write a program to display a string entered by the
user)
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char str[100];
cout << "Enter a string: ";
cin >> str;
cout << "You entered: " << str << endl;
cout << "nEnter another string: ";
cin >> str;
cout << "You entered: "<<str<<endl;
return 0;
}
Output
Enter a string: C++
You entered: C++
Enter another string:
Programming is fun.
You entered: Programming
13. Example 2:
C++ program to read and display an entire line of
text entered by the user.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{char str[100];
cout << "Enter a string: ";
cin.get(str, 100);
cout << "You entered: " << str << endl;
return 0;
}
Output
Enter a string: Programming is
fun.
You entered: Programming is
fun.
14. 2- The String Class Type in
C++
The standard C++ library provides a string class
type that supports all the operations mentioned
above, additionally much more functionality.
In C++, you can also create a string object
for holding strings.
Unlike using char arrays, string objects
has no fixed length, and can be extended as per
your requirement
15. #include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main () {
string str1 = "Hello";
string str2 = "World";
string str3;
int len ;
// copy str1 into str3
str3 = str1;
cout << "str3 : " << str3 << endl;
// concatenates str1 and str2
str3 = str1 + str2;
cout << "str1 + str2 : " << str3 << endl;
// total length of str3 after concatenation
len = str3.size();
cout << "str3.size() : " << len << endl;
return 0;
}
Output
str3 : Hello
str1 + str2 : HelloWorld
str3.size() : 10
16. Example 3:
C++ string using the string data type
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
// Declaring a string object
string str;
cout<<"Enter a string: ";
getline(cin, str);
cout<<"You entered: "<<str<<endl;
return 0;
}
17. In this program, a string str is declared.
Then the string is asked from the user.
Instead of using cin>> or cin.get() function, you can
get the entered line of text using getline().
getline() function takes the input stream as the first
parameter which is cin and str as the location of
the line to be stored.