This lecture provided an introduction to virtual systems and discussed various definitions and classifications of virtual reality (VR). It defined VR in terms of the required technology including stereoscopic displays, wide field of view, and low latency head tracking. VR was also defined based on the sense of presence and telepresence. The lecture discussed VR along a mixed reality continuum and how it relates to augmented reality, augmented virtuality, and ubiquitous computing. Finally, it introduced the concept of a metaverse as the convergence of virtually enhanced physical and physically persistent virtual spaces.

1. LECTURE 1: INTRODUCTION
TO VIRTUAL SYSTEM
Syeda Mariyum
Lecturer
Department of IT
Lahore Garrison University(LGU)
Mariyum.nizami@lgu.edu.pk

2. Google Cardboard
• Buy a cardboard viewer or compatible viewer ($10+)

3. Unity3D
• Who has Unity3D Experience?

4. Ivan Sutherland (1963)
• Sketchpad – first interactive graphics program

5. Ivan Sutherland Sketchpad Demo
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DWAIp3t6SLU

6. An Invisible Interface

7. Holodeck (1974)
• First shown in Star Trek; The Animated Series

8. HoloDeck Video
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZwtVz7z0wM

9. Trend Towards Invisible Interfaces
• Trend from room scale to invisible
computing
• Making Computers Invisible
• hide the computer in the real world
• Ubiquitous Computing
• put the user inside the computer
• Virtual Reality

10. Making Interfaces
Invisible
Rekimoto, J. and Nagao, K. 1995. The world through the computer: computer augmented
interaction with real world environments. In Proceedings of the 8th Annual ACM Symposium on
User interface and Software Technology. UIST '95. ACM, New York, NY, 29-36.

11. Graphical User
Interfaces
• Separation between real and digital
worlds
• WIMP (Windows, Icons, Menus, Pointer)
metaphor

12. Ubiquitous
Computing
• Computing and sensing embedded in real
world
• Particle devices, RFID, motes, arduino, etc

13. Virtual
Reality
• 1985
…

14. Virtual
Reality
• ImmersiveVR
• Head mounted display,
gloves
• Separation from the real
world

15. What is Virtual Reality?

16. VR Goggles and Gloves
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ak-Bt7IM8Jc

17. Types of VR

18. Other Definitions
Virtual reality is..
a computer technology that replicates an environment, real
or imagined, and simulates a user's physical presence and
environment to allow for user interaction. (Wikipedia)
electronic simulations of environments experienced via
head mounted eye goggles and wired clothing enabling the
end user to interact in realistic three-dimensional situations.
(Coates, 1992)
an alternate world filled with computer-generated images
that respond to human movements. (Greenbaum, 1992)
an interactive, immersive experience generated by a
computer (Pimental 1995)

19. Key Characteristics for VR
• Virtual Reality has three key characteristics
• 3D stereoscopic display
• Wide field of view display
• Low latency head tracking
• When these three things are combined they
provide a compelling immersive experience

20. Defining Characteristics
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FPcbBJbGhmk

21. VR Experience
• “This is so real..”
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pAC5SeNH8jw

22. Defined in Terms of Presence
• Presence is the key to defining VR in terms of experience
• Presence is defined as the sense of being in an environment
• Telepresence is defined as the experience of presence in an
environment by means of a communication medium.
• A “virtual reality” is defined as a real or simulated environment
in which a perceiver experiences telepresence.

23. David Zeltzer’s AIP Cube
Autonomy – User can to
react to events and stimuli.
Interaction – User can
interact with objects and
environment.
Presence – User feels
immersed through sensory
input and output channels
Interaction
Zeltzer, D. (1992). Autonomy, interaction, and presence. Presence: Teleoperators
& Virtual Environments, 1(1), 127-132.
Autonomy
Presence
VR

24. Defined in Terms of User Experience
Inducing targeted behavior in an organism by using artificial
sensory stimulation, while the organism has little or no
awareness of the interference. (LaValle 2016)
• Targeted Behavior: Having an experience designed by
another person.
• Organism: Person or other life form
• Artificial Sensory Stimulation: One or more sensors
replaced by artificial means
• Awareness: Organism unaware of the interface

25. Virtuix Omni – Human on VR Treadmill
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aTtfAQEeAJI

26. Fly on Treadmill – Insect VR
• Fruit fly on treadmill and VR display
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ezL8nGo--I

27. Augmented
Reality
1977 – Star Wars

28. Augmented Reality
Definition
•Defining Characteristics [Azuma
97]
• Combines Real andVirtual Images
• Both can be seen at the same time
• Interactive in real-time
• The virtual content can be interacted
with
• Registered in 3D
• Virtual objects appear fixed in space
Azuma, R. T. (1997). A survey of augmented reality. Presence, 6(4), 355-385.

29. 2008 -
CNN
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v7fQ_EsMJMs

30. • PutAR pictures
here
Augmented Reality Examples

31. Pokemon GO..

32. AR vs
VR

33. Making Interfaces
Invisible
Rekimoto, J. and Nagao, K. 1995. The world through the computer: computer augmented
interaction with real world environments. In Proceedings of the 8th Annual ACM Symposium on
User interface and Software Technology. UIST '95. ACM, New York, NY, 29-36.

34. From Reality toVirtual
Reality
Ubiquitous Computing Augmented Reality Virtual Reality

35. Milgram’s Reality-Virtuality
continuum
Reality - Virtuality (RV) Continuum
Real
Environment
Augmented
Reality (AR)
Augmented
Virtuality (AV)
Virtual
Environment
"...anywhere between the extrema of the virtuality continuum."
Mixed Reality
P
. Milgram and A. F
. Kishino, T
axonomy of Mixed Reality Visual Displays
IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, E77-D(12), pp. 1321-1329, 1994.

36. Augmented
Virtuality
•VR with windows into the real
world

37. Other Context: The
Metaverse
• Neal Stephenson’s “SnowCrash”
• The Metaverse is the
convergence of:
• 1) virtually enhanced physical reality
• 2) physically persistent virtual space
• Metaverse Roadmap
• http://metaverseroadmap.org/

38. Metaverse
Dimensions
• Augmentation technologies that layer
information onto our perception of the
physical environment.
• Simulation refers to technologies that
model reality
• Intimate technologies are focused inwardly,
on the identity and actions of the individual or
object;
• External technologies are focused
outwardly, towards the world at large;

39. Metaverse
Components
• Four Key
Components
• VirtualWorlds
• Augmented Reality
• Mirror Worlds
• Lifelogging

41. MirrorWorlds
• Mirror worlds are informationally-enhanced
virtual models of the physical world.
• Google Earth, MS StreetView, Google Maps

42. Mark’s House in New
Zealand

43. LifeLoggi
ng
• Technologies record and report the
intimate states and life histories of
objects and users
• Nokia LifeBlog, Nike+, FitBit

44. Narrative
Clip
• Wearable camera
• Automatic picture capture - 2
pics/minute
• http://getnarrative.com

45. Summar
y
• Virtual Reality can be defined in a number of
ways
• In terms of technology
• From a Presence perspective
• In terms of User Experience
• VR can also be classified with other
technologies
• Invisible Interfaces
• Milgram’s Mixed Reality continuum
• MetaVerse

46. Q@A
The End..