Monetary policy involves the management of money supply and interest rates by central banks to achieve macroeconomic goals like inflation, growth, and liquidity. It can be expansionary, increasing money supply, or contractionary, decreasing money supply. Pakistan's monetary policy has three objectives: promoting economic growth, price stability, and maintaining sound financial markets.
it is a full information for the students according to thrir examinations point of view about monetary policy and objectives,nature, instruments of monitary policy
it is a full information for the students according to thrir examinations point of view about monetary policy and objectives,nature, instruments of monitary policy
What Is Monetary Policy?: Unlock The 2 Important Types Of It Compare Closing LLCCompareClosing
Monetary policy is a set of tools built with the intention of promoting sustainable economic growth.
A country’s central bank promotes these tools by controlling the overall supply of money that is available at the nation’s banks, its consumers, and its businesses.
WHAT IS A BANK, CLASSIFY AND DISCUSS BANKS.
Bank: a bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and creates credit. Lending activities can be performed either directly or indirectly through capital markets.
Monetary policy is the process by which the monetary authority of a country, like the central bank or currency board, controls the supply of money, often targeting an inflation rate or interest rate to ensure price stability and general trust in the currency
What Is Monetary Policy?: Unlock The 2 Important Types Of It Compare Closing LLCCompareClosing
Monetary policy is a set of tools built with the intention of promoting sustainable economic growth.
A country’s central bank promotes these tools by controlling the overall supply of money that is available at the nation’s banks, its consumers, and its businesses.
WHAT IS A BANK, CLASSIFY AND DISCUSS BANKS.
Bank: a bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and creates credit. Lending activities can be performed either directly or indirectly through capital markets.
Monetary policy is the process by which the monetary authority of a country, like the central bank or currency board, controls the supply of money, often targeting an inflation rate or interest rate to ensure price stability and general trust in the currency
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Lecture 6 monetary policy, relationshipship btwn bankers and customers
1.
2. Monetary policy
O Monetary policy is the
macroeconomic policy laid down by the
central bank. It involves management
of money supply and interest rate and is
the demand side economic policy used
by the government of a country to achieve
macroeconomic objectives like inflation,
consumption, growth and liquidity.
3. MONETARY POLICY
Expansionary
In expansionary policy you increase the flow of money
supply
by putting money in market
Money Supply ↑ Inflation ↑ Price ↑Types of Monetary
Policies
Contractionary
In contractionary policy you decrease the flow of
money
supply by taking out money from the market
Money Supply ↓ Inflation ↓ Price ↓
4. MONETARY POLICY
OBJECTIVES
OInflation Targeting
Under this policy approach the target is to
keep inflation under a particular definition
such as (CPI) Consumer Price Index at a
particular level
Pakistan Monetary policy objectives 2001 -
2007
2001 – 2004 June – Expansionary 2004
July – 2007 – Inflation Targeting
5. OPrice Level Targeting
Price level targeting is similar to inflation
targeting except that CPI growth in one year
is offset in subsequent years such that over
time the price level on aggregate does not
move Pakistan Monetary policy objectives
2001 - 2007
2001 – 2004 June – Expansionary 2004
July – 2007 – Inflation Targeting
6. OMonetary Aggregate
Under this policy approach there might be
more then 2objectives e.g. increasing
economic growth & decreasing inflation
which means using a balance of
expansionary & contractionary policies
Pakistan Monetary policy objectives 2001 –
2007 2001 – 2004 June – Expansionary
2004 July – 2007 – Inflation Targeting
7. OBJECTIVE OF
MONETARY POLICY
O Monetary Policy of Pakistan, in line with
SBP has three objectives:
O Promoting Economic Growth
O Price Stability
O Soundness and stability of financial
markets
8.
9. A Banker is responsible for establishing and maintaining
positive customer relationships, planning and delivering
effective sales strategies and monitoring the progress of
new and existing financial products.
10. The term customer has not been defined by
any act.
The term customer is used only with
respect to the branch, where the account is
maintained. He cannot be treated as a
customer for another branches of the same
bank.
11. Banker customer relationship, is just a
special contract where a person entrusts
valuable items
with another person with an intention that
such items shall be retrieved on demand
from the keeper by the person who so
entrust.
12. Thus the banker is the one who is entrusted
with the above mentioned valuable items,
while the person who entrust the items with
a view to retrieving it on demand is called
the customer.
13. The death, failure, madness of the customer.
The customer closing the account i.e. Voluntary
termination.
Liquidation of the company.
The closing of the account by the bank after giving due
notice.
The completion of the contract or the specific transaction.
14. Rights of a Customers
A customer who has deposited money can
draw cheques on his/her account up to
extent of his/her credit balance or according
to overdrawing limit certified by bank.
Cross, approve or cancel cheque and other
instruments.
Customer can sue his bank for
compensation of wrongful dishonor of
his/her cheque
15. Rights of a Customers
Customer has the right to close his account.
Right to privacy.
Sue bank for wrongful disclocure of his/her
account/balance.
Customer has the right to ask for periodic
statement of account from his bank.
16. Rights of a Customers
Be informed about any direct operations in
his/her account Receive interest on his/her
deposits (Except for current account)
A Non-Discrimination Policy – age, sex,
caste, & disability.
Have the money or items kept safe and
returned to customer.
Issue of new cheque book.
17. Rights of a Customers
Ask for his/her balance within business
hours.
Approach customer complaint forums or
redressed mechanisms.
To Understand How Our Financial Products
And Services Work.
18. Rights of a Customers
Be able to conduct banking in a safe
banking environment.
Know about the concession charges.
To receive a complete set of loan
agreements and enclosures at the time of
disbursement.
To ask for the securities as soon as the loan
is repaid.
20. Duties of a Customer
Present the cheque and other negotiable
instruments during the business hours of the
bank.
Notify bank incase of any disagreement in
the bank statement,
22. Duties of a Customer
Submit photographs to bank when ever
needed.
The instrument of credit should be
presented by the customer within due time
from the date of issue.
A customer should fill the cheque with
utmost care.
23. Duties of a Customer
In case of theft or loss of cheque book it is
the duty of the customer to inform his/her
bank.
If a customer finds any forgery in the
amount of the cheque he/she must
immediately inform his/her bank.
To provide proper information in KYC
Forms.
Repayments of dues on time.
Read the MITC- Most Important Terms and
Conditions.
