history

1. MODERN HISTORY
PROF. CHANDRA PRAKASH
LECTURE 6
MODERN HISTORY
Political Organisation

4. “A graduate at 18, professor and associate editor of the
Sudharak at 20, Secretary of the Sarvajanik Sabha and of the
Provincial Conference at 25, Secretary of the National Congress
at 29, leading witness before an important Royal Commission at
31, Provincial legislator at 34, Imperial legislator at 36, President
of the Indian National Congress at 39. a patriot whom Mahatma
Gandhi himself regarded as his master”. This is how a
biographer describes:
(a) Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya
(b) Mahadev Govind Ranade
(c) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
(d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
I.A.S. (Pre) 1997

5. Gopal Krishna Gokhale was born on May 9, 1866, in Ratnagiri
(Maharashtra). At the age of 18, he graduated from Elphinston
College in 1884 and was appointed a professor of Economics
and History at Ferguson College in Poona. Gokhale became
as a protege of social reformer Mahadev Govind Ranade. He
was a member of the Deccan Education Society. Gokhale fought
for decades to obtain greater political representation and power
over public affairs for common Indian. He first joined Congress
in 1888 at the Allahabad session. Gokhale became a member of
the Bombay Legislative Council and then the Imperial
Legislative Council. Gandhiji often referred to Gokhale as
‘Mahatma.’ He was the political mentor of Gandhiji.

6. Gopal Krishna Gokhale presided over the session of
Congress in –
(a) 1902 (b) 1905
(c) 1906 (d) 1909

7. Who presided over the Benaras Session of the Indian National
Congress in 1905:
(a) Surendranath Bannerji
(b) Feroz Shah Mehta
(c) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
(d) Dinshaw Wacha

8. Who among the following never presided a Session of Indian
National Congress?
(a) Lala Lajpat Rai
(b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(c) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
(d) Subhash Chandra Bose

9. Who established the 'Servants of India Society'?
(a) Lala Lajpat Rai
(b) Bipin Chandra Pal
(c) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
(d) Bhagat Singh
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
65th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2019

10. In which year Gopal Krishna Gokhale founded 'Servants of
India Society’ ?
(a) 1902 (b) 1903
(c) 1904 (d) 1905

11. Which of the following leaders presided over the Congress
Session at Calcutta in 1906?
(a) B.G. Tilak (b) G.K. Gokhale
(c) Aurobindo Ghosh (d) Dadabhai Naoroji
44th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2000

12. In 1906, Congress was in real danger of splitting into two
groups. The extremists were more popular than the moderates.
Before this session, the extremists would have taken over
Congress had they elected a leader among them. But it was not
done. The moderates were politically intelligent. In 1906, the
session at Calcutta was presided over by Dadabhai Naoroji. The
moderate had chosen Naoroji to preside Congress. Naoroji, 'the
Grand old man of India,’ was respected by the moderates and
extremists alike. In this session, the Congress adopted Swaraj
as the goal of Indian people. Moderates toned down the
resolution in a compromised state and made it self-Government
meant obtaining the self-governing British colonies.” Thus the
whole meaning of Swaraj of the extremists was changed,
and Congress was now bound to split.

13. The Indian National Congress took up the Swaraj call in its Benaras
Session, 1905 and later in 1906 Calcutta session it was fully passed.
The main purpose of the resolution was “to serve self-rule’ and
boycotting British products and the revival of domestic products and
production process of Indian industrialization and better education
policy for India.

14. Swaraj as a national demand was first made by:
(a) B.G.Tilak (b) C.R.Das
(c) Dadabhai Naoroji (d) Mahatma Gandhi
Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2002

15. In which of the following sessions of Indian National Congress,
the word ‘Swaraj’ was uttered for the first time?
(a) Benaras Session, 1905
(b) Calcutta Session, 1906
(c) Surat Session, 1907
(d) None of the above
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014

16. First Indian elected to the British House of Commons was
Dadabhai Naoroji who contested on the ticket of:
(a) Liberal Party
(b) Labour Party
(c) Conservative Party
(d) Communist Party
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016

17. Which one of the following statements is not correct
about Dadabhai Naoroji?
(a) He wrote a book ‘Poverty and Un-British Rule in
India.’
(b) He worked as a Professor of Gujarati in the University
College, London
(c) He laid the foundation of woman’s education in Bombay
(d) He was elected as a member of British Parliament on
the ticket of the Conservative Party
U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2008

18. Which one of the following statements is not correct about
Dadabhai Naoroji?
(a) He was the first Indian to be appointed as Professor
of Mathematics and Physics at Elphinstone College, Bombay.
(b) He was elected as the member of British Parliament in 1892.
(c) He started a Gujarati Journal, ‘Rast Goftar.’
(d) For four times he had presided over the Indian National
Congress.

19. Dadabhai Naoroji (4 September, 1825-30 June, 1917)
known as the Grand Old Man of India, was Parsi intellectual
educationist and an early Indian political and social leader. He
was first Asian elected to the House of Commons. In 1892 as
a liberal party Member from central Finsbury constituency in
the United Kingdom. He was elected as the President of (INC)
in 1886, 1893, and 1906. C.Y. Chintamani, Indian editor
Journalist, liberal politician, told about Dadabhai Naoroji that
“Many intelligent and selfless leader had embellished for the
people of India, but in his era, no one was as the Dadabhai
Naoroji.” On the other hand, Gokhale said that “if there is a
God somewhere, he is Dadabhai Naoroji.

20. Where did the Indian Congress got divided into two wings
moderates and extremists ?
(a) Surat Session, 1907 (b) Lahore Session, 1909
(c) Calcutta Session, 1911 (d) Karachi Session, 1913

21. A split took place in Congress at Surat in 1907 when the dispute
again arose for the Presidentship of 23rd Session of Congress.
Moderates wanted Ras Bihari Ghosh as President while Lala
Lajpat Rai was the choice of Extremists. At last Ras Bihari Ghosh
became the President and Congress was divided between
Moderates and Extremists

24. Four resolutions were passed at the famous Calcutta Session
of Indian National Congress in 1906. The question of either
retention or rejection of these four resolutions became the
cause of a split in Congress at the next Congress Session held
in Surat in 1907.
Which one of the following was not one of those resolutions?
(a) Annulment of the partition of Bengal
(b) Boycott
(c) National education
(d) Swadeshi
I.A.S. (Pre) 2010

25. The process of a split in the Congress in the early years
of the twentieth century began over –
(a) Strategies of the Congress Movement
(b) Objectives of the Congress
(c) Participation of the people in the Congress Movement
(d) All of the above
56th to 59th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2015

26. When was the first partition of Indian National Congress
was held?
(a) 1907 (b) 1906
(c) 1969 (d) 1911
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1991

27. Surat split was led by –
(a) Hume (b) Dufferin
(c) Tilak (d) Gandhiji

28. What was the main reason for the split in the Indian National
Congress at Surat in 1907?
(a) Introduction of communalism into Indian politics by Lord
Minto
(b) Extremists’ lack of faith in the capacity of the moderates to
negotiate with the British Government
(c) Foundation of Muslim League
(d) Aurobindo Ghosh’s inability to be elected as the President of
the Indian National Congress.
I.A.S. (Pre) 2016

29. Who among of the following led the agitation against
the partition of Bengal (1905)?
(a) Surendranath Bannerjee (b) C.R. Das
(c) Ashutosh Mukherjee (d) Rabindranath Tagore

31. Who among the following was the founder of All India
Muslim League?
(a) Sir Saiyed Ahmad Khan
(b) Sir Mohammad Iqbal
(c) Agha Khan
(d) Nawab Salimullah Khan
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2007
41st B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1996

32. Agha Khan was a founding member and first President of the All India
Muslim League. His goal was the advancement of the Muslim agenda and
protection of Muslim rights in India. In 1906, the meeting was organized
during the Dhaka session which is known as All India Muhammadan
Educational Conference. The founding meeting was hosted by Nawab
Khwaja Salimullah. Nawab Waqar-ul-Mulk and Nawab Muhasan-ul-
Mulk both were jointly appointed as the secretary of the
Muhammadan Educational Conference). Lucknow was the
headquarter of Muslim League, and Agha Khan was its first
President. Founder member were –
1. Salimullah Khan
2. Agha Khan
3. Muhsin-ul-Mulk
But in option, two of the above names are given. Therefore,
priority will be given to Salimullah Khan as the founder of
the All India Muslim League.

33. In 1906 Muslim League was founded at :
(a) Lahore (b) Delhi
(c) Calcutta (d) Dhaka

34. Who was the first President of the Muslim League:
(a) Agha Khan (b) Hamid Khan
(c) Hasan Khan (d) M.A. Jinnah

35. The All India Muslim League formed in 1906 supported the
Bengal partition. They demanded a separate electorate in
the leadership of Agha Khan.
The headquarter of the Muslim League was established at
Lucknow. A London branch of the All India Muslim League
was established in 1908 under the presidency of Ameer Ali
to put pressure on the British Government for Muslims
cause.

36. With reference to the Indian freedom struggle, which
one of the following statements is not correct?
(a) Hakim Ajmal Khan was one of the leaders to start a
nationalist and militant Ahrar movement
(b) When the Indian National Congress was formed,
Sayyid Ahmad Khan opposed it
(c) The All-India Muslim League which was formed in 1906
vehemently opposed the partition of Bengal and separate
electorates
(d) Maulana Barkat Ullah and Maulana Obeidullah Sindhi
were among those who formed a Provisional Government
of India in Kabul.
I.A.S. (Pre) 2002

37. The Muslim deputation met Minto in 1906 at Shimla and
pleaded for –
(a) Separate electorate for Muslims
(b) A composite electorate
(c) Higher representation to the Hindus
(d) Special representation to Muslim by nomination
46th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2004

38. The Muslim League started its annual convention on
regular basis from :
(a) 1916 AD
(b) 1919 AD
(c) 1924 AD
(d) 1925 AD
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
66th B.P.S.C. Re-Exam (Pre) 2020

39. In 1905, Lord Minto was appointed as Viceroy of India
in place of Lord Curzon and John Morley was appointed
as Secretary of India. The reforms introduced by them are
known as Morley-Minto Reforms. The Indian Councils Act,
1909, commonly known as the Morley-Minto Reforms was
an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that brought
about a limited increase in the involvement of Indians in the
governance of British India. The major dispute regarding this
bill was separate electorate for Muslim in India.

43. Which of the following Act provided for communal
representation in British India?
(a) Indian Councils Act, 1892
(b) Minto-Morley Reforms, 1909
(c) Montague-Chelmsford Reforms, 1919
(d) Government of India Act, 1935

44. The Indian Council Act of 1909 was provided for :
(a) Dyarchy
(b) Communal representation
(c) Federation
(d) Provincial autonomy
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996

45. Seeds of discard were in which event during National
Movement and which eventually divided the country, was–
(a) Establishment of Muslim League in 1906.
(b) Division of Bengal in 1905.
(c) Khilafat Movement Supported by Gandhiji.
(d) Reservation of seats and separate electorates for Muslims
in legislative assemblies.

46. Whom did Rajendra Prasad consider as the father of
Pakistan?
(a) Md. Jinnah
(b) Lord Mountbatten
(c) Lord Minto
(d) Liaquat Ali Khan
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
63rd B.P.S.C (Pre.) 2017

47. Where was the Capital of India before Delhi under
British period?
(a) Calcutta (b) Bombay
(c) Patna (d) Lucknow

48. During the British Rule, until 1911, Calcutta ( now Kolkata )
was the capital of India. King George V, the king of England
visited India to attend Delhi Durbar in 1911and announced
the transfer of capital from Calcutta to Delhi on December
12, 1911. The capital of India shifted from Calcutta to Delhi
during the tenure of Lord Hardinge on 1 April, 1912.

51. The transfer of capital of British India from Calcutta
to Delhi was affected during the period of –
(a) Lord Mayo (b) Lord Lawrence
(c) Lord Minto (d) Lord Hardinge

52. Delhi became the capital of India in :
(a) 1910 (b) 1911
(c) 1916 (d) 1923

53. Bihar became a separate state during the British rule
in the year :
(a) 1905 (b) 1912
(c) 1936 (d) 1946
44th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2000

54. In December, 1911, the imperial court was organized for
greeting on the arrival of British King George V and Queen
Mary to India. British emperor proclaimed cancellation of
Bengal partition in Delhi Durbar as well as separated Bihar
and Orissa from Bengal. In1912, Bihar, and Orissa were
separated from Bengal and organised in administrative units.

55. In December, 1916 both Indian National Congress and Indian
Muslim League held their session at:
(a) Aligarh (b) Allahabad
(c) Lucknow (d) Lahore

56. An important step towards achieving Hindu-Muslim unity was the
Lucknow Pact, 1916. Anti-British feelings were generated among the
Muslims following a war between Britain and Turkey, which opened the
way for Congress and Muslim League unity. Both the Congress and the
Muslim League held sessions at Lucknow in 1916. This meeting had
settled the details of an agreement on the composition of the legislatures
and the quantum of representation to be allowed to the two
communities. The agreement was confirmed by the annual sessions of
the Congress, and the League held at Lucknow on 29 and 31 December,
1916 respectively. The Congress accepted the separate electorates and
both organizations jointly demanded dominion status for the country.
Hindu-Muslim unity weakened the British attitude. In 1916, the British
Government announced a policy where by the involvement of Indians in
the Government was to be increased, and there was to be a gradual
development of local self-Government institutions. Sarojini Naidu
described Jinnah, the chief architect of the Lucknow Pact, with the title
of the ‘Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim Unity.’

57. The Lucknow Session of Indian National Congress that
took place in 1916 was presided over by:
(a) Annie Besant (b) Lala Lajpat Rai
(c) Motilal Nehru (d) A.C. Majumdar

58. The famous ‘Lucknow Pact’ was signed between the Congress
and Muslim League in:
(a) 1913 (b) 1914
(c) 1915 (d) 1916

59. Which one of the following presents period of unanimity
between Indian National Congress and Muslim league?
(a) 1906-1911 (b) 1916-1922
(c) 1917-1921 (d) 1940-1946

60. Who among the following was the chief architect or
reconciliation between the Extremists and the Moderates?
(a) Annie Besant
(b) M.A. Jinnah
(c) Madam Cama
(d) Feroz Shah Mehta

61. In 1916, the Lucknow session of Indian National Congress
presided by Ambika Charan Majumdar was remarkable in
two visions. First, extremists evicted from Indian National
Congress since 9 years re-entered in Congress and second, the
agreement between Congress and the Muslim League. Both
Annie Besant and Tilak tried their best to make a compromise
with the moderates for re-establishing the unity within the
Congress by taking the extremists back into Congress. Their
efforts soon delivered success and at the annual session of
Congress in December, 1915, it was decided that extremists
would be allowed to rejoin the Congress. Muhammad Ali
Jinnah and Tilak were the main architects of the Lucknow
Pact.

62. 1916-1922 was a period of unanimity between Indian
National Congress and Muslim League. Lucknow Pact
was only temporary agreement. Despite this pact, Muslim
League maintained its separate existence and advocated
separate political right for Muslims. Both parties acted jointly
according to this pact till 1922. But this pact was dissolved
with Non-corporation Movement and League opted its old
ideology.

63. Which of the following sessions of Indian National Congress,
Mahatma Gandhi was apprised of the problems of Champaran
peasants?
(a) Banaras Session, 1905
(b) Calcutta Session, 1906
(c) Surat Session, 1907
(d) Lucknow Session, 1916

64. The Congress for the first time accepted the system of
separate electorate for Muslims in the year:
(a) 1909 (b) 1916
(c) 1931 (d) 1932

65. Which implication was taken in Lucknow session of Congress in
1916?
(a) Separate electorate demand of Muslim League was accepted.
(b) Temporary merger of Muslim League and Congress occurred
(c) A Muslim person was elected as President of Congress.
(d) None of above.